Mafuta opatsirana

Monga mafuta amafuta, mafuta otengera mafuta amatenga gawo lofunikira popewa kuzipaka msanga ziwalo zopaka komanso kuziziritsa. Pali mitundu yambiri yazinthu zoterezi. Tiyeni tiwone momwe amasiyanirana wina ndi mnzake, momwe tingasankhire mafuta oyenera opatsirana ndi kufalitsa kwadzidzidzi, malamulo ake ndi otani, komanso momwe angasinthire mafuta opatsirana.

Udindo wamafuta mu gearbox

Makokedwe kuchokera injini yoyaka mkati imafalikira kudzera pa flywheel kupita pama disc a clutch. Pogwiritsa ntchito galimoto, katunduyo amagawidwa pakati pa magiya, omwe amalumikizana. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa magulu awiriawiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana, shaft yoyendetsedwa ndi bokosi imazungulira mwachangu kapena pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wosintha liwiro lagalimoto.

Katunduyo amasamutsidwa kuchoka pagalimoto yoyendera kupita pazida zoyendetsedwa. Zipangizo zachitsulo zomwe zimalumikizana zimatha msanga ndipo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri. Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto awiriwa, m'pofunika kupanga chingwe chotetezera chomwe chimachepetsa kupanga chitsulo chifukwa cholumikizana mwamphamvu pakati pazigawo, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti kuziziritsa.

Ntchito ziwirizi zimayendetsedwa ndi mafuta othandizira. Mafuta awa si ofanana ndi mafuta a injini (mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a mafuta oterewa amafotokozedwa m'nkhani yapadera). Njinga ndi kufalitsa amafunikira mtundu wawo wamafuta.

M'magiya oyendetsera zodziwikiratu, kuphatikiza pakupaka mafuta ndi kutentha, mafuta amatenga gawo lamadzi ogwirira ntchito, omwe amatenga nawo gawo pakukoka kwa magiya.

Zofunikira

Kapangidwe ka mafuta pama bokosi amagetsi ali ndi zinthu pafupifupi zomwezo monga zofananira ndi magetsi. Zimasiyana kokha mofanana momwe maziko ndi zowonjezera zimasakanikirana.

Zinthu zowonjezera mu mafuta ndizofunikira pazifukwa izi:

• Pangani filimu yolimba yamafuta yomwe ingalepheretse kukhudzana kwazinthu zachitsulo (m'bokosilo, kupanikizika kwa gawo lina mbali inayo ndikokwera kwambiri, chifukwa chake kanema yemwe amapangidwa ndi mafuta injini sikokwanira);
• lubricant iyenera kukhala ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe mkati mwazizolowezi, zonse zosasangalatsa komanso kutentha;
• zitsulo mbali ziyenera kutetezedwa ku makutidwe ndi okosijeni.

Magalimoto oyenda panjira (ma SUV) ali ndi kufala kwapadera, komwe kumatha kupirira katundu wochuluka pamene galimoto imadutsa magawo amisewu ovuta (mwachitsanzo, kukwera kwambiri ndi kutsika, madambo, ndi zina zambiri). Mabokosi amenewa amafunikira mafuta apadera omwe amatha kupanga kanema wamphamvu kwambiri yemwe amatha kupirira katundu wotere.

Mitundu yamafuta amafuta

Wopanga aliyense amapanga zosakaniza zake zina, ngakhale maziko ake sanasinthe. Pali mitundu itatu yazoyambira. Aliyense wa iwo lakonzedwa kuti mtundu wina wa chipangizo ndipo ali ndi makhalidwe munthu.

Kupanga maziko

Ubwino waukulu wazitsulo zotere ndikumatha kutentha kwawo kwambiri. Katunduyu amalola kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta m'mabokosi agalimoto omwe amayendetsedwa nthawi yozizira yozizira. Komanso mafuta otere nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wochuluka (poyerekeza ndi mchere komanso theka-kupanga).

Pa nthawi yomweyi, kwa magalimoto omwe ali ndi mileage yayikulu, chizindikirochi ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Mafuta a mafuta akamatentha, kutentha kwake kumawonjezeka kwambiri kotero kuti kumatha kudutsa zisindikizo ndi ma gaskets.

Malo osakanikirana

Semi-synthetic mafuta ndi mtanda pakati pa mchere ndi zofananira. Zina mwazabwino zopitilira "madzi amchere" ndizoyenda bwino kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito galimoto mu chisanu ndi kutentha. Poyerekeza ndi zopanga, ndizotsika mtengo.

Mchere m'munsi

Mafuta opangira mchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamagalimoto akale, okwera kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo, mafuta awa samadontha pazisindikizo. Komanso, mafuta opatsira ngati awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka ma buku.

Kuchulukitsa kuchita bwino pamitengo yayikulu ndikusintha magwiridwe antchito, opanga amawonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera pakupanga kwake ndi zinthu za sulfure, chlorine, phosphorous ndi zinthu zina (kuchuluka kwawo kumatsimikizika ndi wopanga mwiniyo poyesa ma prototypes).

Kusiyana kwamafuta ndi mtundu wa bokosi

Kuphatikiza pa maziko, mafuta opatsirana amagawidwa m'makina opangira mawotchi komanso othamanga. Chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa njira zotumizira makokedwe, iliyonse mwanjirazi imafunikira mafuta akeake, omwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe olimbana ndi katundu wofananira.

Zofalitsa pamanja

В ma gearbox oyenda Thirani mafuta ndi chizindikiro cha MTF. Amakwanitsa kuthana ndi ntchito yochepetsera kupindika kwamakina azida zamagetsi, kuwapaka mafuta. Madzi oterewa amakhala ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera, kotero kuti magawo ake asamadzetseko mpweya galimoto ikangokhala.

Gulu lamafutawa liyenera kukhala ndi zovuta kwambiri. Poterepa, pali zotsutsana. Kuti muchepetse katundu pakati pagalimoto ndi magiya oyendetsedwa, pamafunika kanema wofewa komanso wotsetsereka. Komabe, kuti muchepetse mapangidwe azigoli pamalo awo, zimafunikira - kulumikizana kolimba. Pachifukwa ichi, kapangidwe ka mafuta otengera pamagetsi ophatikizira amaphatikizanso zinthu zina zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wofika ku "tanthauzo lagolide" pakati pakuchepetsa katundu ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu.

Kutumiza kwadzidzidzi

Katundu wodziwikiratu, katundu amagawidwa mosiyana pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mitundu yam'mbuyo yam'mbuyo, chifukwa chake mafuta awo ayenera kukhala osiyana. Poterepa, chidebechi chidzalembedwa ndi ATF (chofala kwambiri "pamakina" ambiri).

M'malo mwake, madzi awa ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi am'mbuyomu - kuthamanga kwambiri, anti-dzimbiri, kuzirala. Koma pakukongoletsa kwa "makina ogwiritsa ntchito" zofunikira pakuwunika kwa kutentha ndi kovuta kwambiri.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi, ndipo aliyense wa iwo opanga amawongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mafuta enaake. Zosintha zotsatirazi ndizosiyana:

• Bokosi lamagetsi lokhala ndi torque yosinthira. Kupaka mafuta pamagetsi otere kumathandizanso kuti madzi amadzimadzi, chifukwa chake zofunikira zake ndizovuta kwambiri - makamaka pankhani yamadzi ake.
• CVT. Palinso mafuta osiyana ndi mitundu iyi yamagetsi. Ma canisters azinthu izi atchedwa CVT.
• Bokosi la Zidole. Zimagwira ntchito pamtundu wa analogue yamakina, kokha mu clutch iyi ndi kusintha kosunthika kumayang'aniridwa ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi.
• Kutumiza kwapawiri kwapadera. Lero, pali zosintha zambiri pazida zoterezi. Popanga kufalitsa kwawo "kwapadera", opanga ali ndi zofunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito mafuta. Ngati mwini galimoto amanyalanyaza malangizowa, nthawi zambiri galimoto imachotsedwa ku chitsimikizo.

Popeza mafuta amtundu wotere amakhala ndi "payekha" (monga akunenera opanga), sangathe kugawidwa ndi API kapena ACEA kuti igwirizane ndi analogue. Poterepa, zingakhale bwino kumvera malingaliro a wopanga ndikugula zomwe zawonetsedwa pazolemba zaukadaulo.

Gulu la mafuta ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe

Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana, mafuta opatsira mafuta amasiyanasiyana mu mamasukidwe akayendedwe. Katunduyu amafunika kupereka filimu yolimba pakati pazigawo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndikatenthedwa kwambiri, koma nthawi yozizira sikuyenera kukhala yochulukirapo kuti musinthe magiya momasuka.

Chifukwa cha izi, magulu atatu amafuta apangidwa:

• Chilimwe;
• Zima;
• Nyengo zonse.

Gulu ili lithandizira woyendetsa galimoto kusankha mafuta omwe ali oyenera nyengo yam'mene imagwiritsidwira ntchito galimotoyo.

Kalasi (SAE):	Kutentha kwa mpweya, оС	Kukhuthala, mm2/ kuchokera
	Akulimbikitsidwa m'nyengo yozizira:
70W	-55	4.1
75W	-40	4.1
80W	-26	7.0
85W	-12	11.0
	Adalangizidwa nthawi yotentha:
80	+ 30	7.0-11.0
85	+ 35	11.0-13.5
90	+ 45	13.5-24.0
140	+ 50	24.0-41.0

M'madera amayiko a CIS, mafuta amitundu yamagulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka. Kuyika zinthu zotere kumayikidwa 70W-80, 80W-90, ndi zina zambiri. Gulu loyenera lingapezeke patebulopo.

Potengera magwiridwe antchito, zinthu zoterezi zimagawidwanso m'makalasi kuyambira GL-1 mpaka GL-6. Magawo kuyambira woyamba mpaka wachitatu sagwiritsidwa ntchito m'galimoto zamakono, chifukwa adapangidwa kuti apange mayendedwe ochepa mopepuka.

Gulu la GL-4 limapangidwa kuti ligwiritse ntchito njira yolumikizirana mpaka 3000 MPa ndi kutentha kwa voliyumu yamafuta mpaka 150^оC. Kutentha kogwira ntchito kwa gulu la GL-5 ndikofanana ndi m'mbuyomu, kokha katundu pakati pazolumikizana ayenera kukhala wopitilira 3000 MPa. Nthawi zambiri, mafuta otere amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayunitsi omwe amanyamula, monga chitsulo chogwiritsira ntchito galimoto yoyendetsa kumbuyo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta amtunduwu mubokosi lamagalasi wamba kumatha kubweretsa kuvala kwa ma synchronizers, chifukwa sulfure yomwe ili mu grisiyo imagwiranso ntchito ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zidapangidwa.

Kalasi yachisanu ndi chimodzi siyigwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni pama gearbox, chifukwa amapangidwira makina othamanga kwambiri, makokedwe ofunikira, momwe mulinso katundu wambiri.

Gearbox mafuta kusintha

Kukonza magalimoto pafupipafupi kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo zosinthira madzi amadzimadzi, mafuta ndi zosefera. Kusintha mafuta opatsirana kumaphatikizidwa ndi mndandanda wazomwe ntchito yokonzanso ikuyenera.

Kusiyanitsa ndikusintha kwamagalimoto, momwe mafuta amatsanulira mafuta kuchokera ku fakitole, omwe safunika kusintha m'malo onse amoyo wamagalimoto omwe wopanga amapanga. Zitsanzo za makina oterewa ndi awa: Acura RL (automatic transmission MJBA); Chevrolet Yukon (zodziwikiratu kufala 6L80); Ford Mondeo (yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka FMX) ndi ena.

Komabe, mgalimoto zotere, kuwonongeka kwa ma gearbox kumatha kuchitika, ndichifukwa chake mukufunikirabe kuzindikira.

Chifukwa chiyani mukusintha mafuta anu opatsirana?

Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa mafuta opitilira madigiri 100 kumabweretsa kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa zowonjezera zomwe zimapanga kapangidwe kake. Chifukwa cha ichi, kanema woteteza amakhala wamtundu wotsika, womwe umathandizira kwambiri pakalumikizana kazigawo. Kutalika kwa kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera, ndizotheka kukhala ndi thovu la mafuta, chifukwa cha mafuta omwe atayika.

M'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa cha mafuta akale, maginito a gearbox amalimbikitsidwa makamaka. Mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amasiya kutaya madzi ndikukhala okhwima. Kuti idzoze bwino magiya ndi mayendedwe, iyenera kutenthetsedwa. Popeza mafuta akuda samapaka ziwalozo bwino, kufalitsako kumakhala kouma poyamba. Izi zimawonjezera kuvala kwa ziwalozo, zimawoneka ngati zodzazidwa ndi kuzimiririka.

Kusintha kwa mafuta mosayembekezereka kudzapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kuzikhala koyipa kuzimitsa kapena kuzimitsa zokha, ndipo mukamayendetsa zokha, mafuta amafuta sadzalola kuti galimoto iziyenda.

Ngati woyendetsa galimoto agwiritsa ntchito mafuta osayenera, bokosi lamagalimoto limatha kugwira bwino ntchito, zomwe zingapangitse kuti magawo omwe ali ndi katundu wambiri azilephera.

Chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zalembedwa ndi zina, woyendetsa galimoto aliyense ayenera kutsatira malamulo awiri:

• Tsatirani malamulo pakusintha mafuta;
• Tsatirani malingaliro a wopanga za mtundu wamafuta pagalimoto iyi.

Mukafunika kusintha mafuta m'bokosilo

Kuti mudziwe nthawi yokhetsa mafuta akale ndikudzaziranso mafuta atsopano, dalaivala ayenera kukumbukira kuti izi ndizomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse. Opanga nthawi zambiri amayika malire a 40-50 mileage. M'magalimoto ena, nthawi iyi yawonjezeka mpaka 80 zikwi. Pali magalimoto otere, omwe zolemba zawo zimasonyeza kutalika kwa makilomita 90-100 zikwi. (pamakina) kapena 60 km (ya "zodziwikiratu"). Komabe, magawo awa amatengera zochitika zoyandikira kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, kufalitsa kwagalimoto kumagwira ntchito modetsa nkhawa kwambiri, motero malamulo enieni nthawi zambiri amachepetsedwa mpaka 25-30 zikwi. Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa kwa kufalitsa kosiyanasiyana.

Mulibe magiya apulaneti, ndipo makokedwewo amaperekedwa mosalekeza. Popeza ziwalozi zimatha kupsinjika kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta olondola pakusintha koteroko. Kuti mukhale odalirika kwambiri, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti musinthe mafuta pambuyo pa 20-30 ma mileage.

Kodi ndingasinthe bwanji mafuta azida?

Njira yabwino yosinthira madzimadzi ndikutengera galimotoyo kumalo operekera chithandizo kapena malo ogwiritsira ntchito. Kumeneko, amisiri odziwa bwino ntchito amadziwa momwe zimakhalira pakasinthidwe kabokosi kali konse. Woyendetsa galimoto wosadziwa zambiri sangaganizire kuti mafuta ochepa akale amakhala ochepa m'mabokosi ena atatha kukhetsa, zomwe zimathandizira "kukalamba" kwamafuta atsopanowo.

Tisanasankhe m'malo oyimilira pawokha, ndikofunikanso kukumbukiranso kuti kusintha kwa gearbox kuli ndi kapangidwe kake, kotero kukonza kumachitika mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu magalimoto ambiri a Volkswagen, pakusintha mafuta, ndikofunikira kusintha gasket (yopangidwa ndi mkuwa) ya pulagi yokhetsa. Ngati simukumbukira zovuta za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mitundu ina yamagalimoto, nthawi zina MOT imabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa makinawo, ndipo sateteza kuvala msanga.

Kudziyimira nokha kwamadzimadzi opatsirana kuti atumizidwe ndi kutulutsa zodziwikiratu kumachitika malinga ndi ma algorithms osiyanasiyana.

Kusintha kwamafuta pakamagwiritsa ntchito pamanja

Njirayi imachitika motere.

1. Muyenera kutenthetsa mafuta m'bokosilo - kuyendetsa pafupifupi makilomita 10.
2. Galimoto imayikidwa mopyola malire kapena kuyendetsedwa mu dzenje loyendera. Mawilo amatsekedwa kuti galimoto isagudubuke.
3. Bokosilo lili ndi ngalande ndi dzenje lodzaza. M'mbuyomu, muyenera kudziwa za komwe anali kuchokera pazolemba zaukadaulo za makinawo. Mwanzeru, dzenje ladzilo lidzakhala pansi penipeni pa bokosi.
4. Chotsani bawuti (kapena pulagi) ya dzenje lakutulutsa. Mafutawo amatayikira mu chidebe chomwe chidayikidwa kale pansi pa bokosi lamagetsi. Ndikofunika kuwonetsetsa kuti mafuta akale atulutsidwa m'bokosilo.
5. Chotsani phula.
6. Mafuta atsopano amathiridwa kudzera mu dzenje lodzaza pogwiritsa ntchito sirinji yapadera. Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito payipi yokhala ndi madzi okwanira m'malo mwa syringe. Pankhaniyi, kupewa mafuta zikusefukira. Kutengera mtundu wama bokosi, mulingo umayang'anitsidwa ndi chikwapu. Ngati sichoncho, m'mphepete mwa dzenje lodzaza ndiye malo owunikira.
7. Pulagi yodzaza mafuta ndi yoluka. Muyenera kukwera pang'ono modekha. Kenako mafuta amafufuzidwa.

Kusintha kwamafuta pakamagwiritsa ntchito zodziwikiratu

Mafuta obwezeretsa m'malo opatsirana ndimayendedwe pang'ono komanso otuluka. Pachiyambi choyamba, pafupifupi theka la mafuta amatayidwa kudzera mu dzenje ladzere (zotsalazo zimatsalira m'misonkhano yama bokosi). Kenako mafuta atsanulidwa. Njirayi siyilowa m'malo, koma imapanganso mafuta. Zimachitika ndi kukonza magalimoto pafupipafupi.

Kusintha kwathunthu kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi makina ozizira ndikusintha mafuta akale ndi chatsopano. Zimachitika pamene galimoto yadutsa makilomita opitilira 100 zikwi., Ngati pali zovuta pakusintha kwamagalimoto kapena pomwe mayunitsi adatenthedwa mobwerezabwereza.

Njirayi imafuna nthawi ndi ndalama zambiri, chifukwa kupopera (ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, kuthira) kumafunikira pafupifupi kawiri kuchuluka kwa madzi amadzimadzi.

Kuti musinthe mafuta pawokha pa "makina okhaokha", pamafunika izi:

1. Madzi opatsirana akutentha. Payipi yozizira yochokera m'bokosi kupita ku rediyeta idadulidwa. Amatsitsidwira mu chidebe chotsanulira.
2. Chosankhira magiya chimayikidwa ndale. Injini imayamba kuyambitsa mpope wabokosi. Njirayi siyenera kutenga nthawi yopitilira miniti.
3. Injini itayimitsidwa, pulagi yotsitsa imatsegulidwa ndipo madzi otsalawo amatayika.
4. Lembani mafuta opitilira malita asanu kupyola mu dzenje lodzaza. Malita ena awiri amapopedwa kudzera payipi yozizira ndi sirinji.
5. Kenako injini imayamba ndipo pafupifupi 3,5 malita amadzimadzi amatuluka.
6. Injini imazimitsidwa ndikudzaza malita 3,5. mafuta atsopano. Njirayi imachitika katatu mpaka mafuta oyela atasiya kachitidweko.
7. Ntchitoyi imatsirizidwa ndikubwezeretsanso voliyumuyo pamlingo wopangidwa ndi wopanga (wofufuzira ndi kafukufuku).

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti zotumiza zokhazokha zitha kukhala ndi chida china, chifukwa chake zodabwitsazi zimasiyananso. Ngati palibe chidziwitso pakuchita ntchitoyi, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuyipereka kwa akatswiri.

Momwe mungatetezere bokosilo kuti lisasinthidwe msanga?

Kukonzekera kwakanthawi kwa galimoto kumawonjezera magwero azinthu zomwe zikunyamula. Komabe, zizolowezi zina zoyendetsa dalaivala "zitha kupha" bokosilo, ngakhale malangizo omwe angakonzedwe atsatiridwa. Ngati pali vuto, malangizo kuchokera munkhani yapadera kuthandizira kuwachotsa.

Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kukonzanso kwa ma gearbox kapena kusintha:

1. Ndondomeko yoyendetsa galimoto mwankhanza.
2. Kuyendetsa pafupipafupi mwachangu pafupi ndi malire othamangitsa magalimoto.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta omwe sakukwaniritsa zofunikira za wopanga (mwachitsanzo, madzimadzi m'galimoto yakale amadutsa mosindikiza zisindikizo zamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti bokosi likhale pansi).

Kuonjezera moyo wa ntchito gearbox, madalaivala akulangizidwa kumasula ngo zowalamulira (pa zimango), ndipo pamene ntchito kufala zodziwikiratu, kutsatira malangizo a posankha selector lapansi. Kuthamanga kosalala kumathandizanso.

Kuyendera pafupipafupi kuyang'anitsitsa kwa galimoto kuti idutsike kudzakuthandizani kuzindikira vutoli munthawi yake ndikupewa kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Maonekedwe akumveka osachiritsika pamtundu wamagalimoto ndi chifukwa chabwino choyendera matenda.

Pomaliza

Mukamasankha mafuta oyendetsa galimoto, simuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi mtengo wopangira. Chithandizo chamadzimadzi chodula kwambiri sichikhala chabwino nthawi zonse pagalimoto inayake. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malingaliro a wopanga, komanso akatswiri omwe amamvetsetsa zovuta za makinawo. Pachifukwa ichi, bokosi lamagetsi limakhala lalitali kwambiri kuposa nthawi yomwe wopanga amapanga.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Ndi mafuta amtundu wanji oti mudzaze mu bokosilo? Kwa mitundu yakale, SAE 75W-90, API GL-3 ndiyofunikira. M'magalimoto atsopano - API GL-4 kapena API GL-5. Izi ndi zamakanika. Kwa makina, muyenera kutsatira malangizo a wopanga.

Ndi malita angati amafuta omwe ali mubokosi lamakina? Zimatengera mtundu wa kufala. Kuchuluka kwa thanki yamafuta kumasiyana kuchokera ku 1.2 mpaka 15.5 malita. Zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi wopanga magalimoto.