Machitidwe okhazikika pakompyuta (ESP, AHS, DSC, PSM, VDC, VSC)
Machitidwewa amatsimikizira kuti galimotoyo imakhala yotetezeka m'malo ovuta, makamaka ikakhala pakona. Pakati pa kayendetsedwe kake, makinawo amayesa zisonyezo zingapo, monga kuthamanga kapena kusinthasintha kwa chiwongolero, ndipo pakagwa ngozi yovuta, makinawo amatha kubwezera galimoto momwe idapangidwira poyimitsa matayala aliwonse. M'magalimoto okwera mtengo kwambiri, makina owongolera kukhazikika amakhalanso ndi chassis yogwira yomwe imasinthasintha mawonekedwe oyendetsa komanso kuyendetsa njinga yamoto ndikuwonjezera kuyendetsa pagalimoto. Magalimoto ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makina oika chizindikiro pamagalimoto awo. ESP (Mercedes-Benz, Skoda, VW, Peugeot ndi ena). Ndi chodetsa AHS (Yogwira dongosolo processing) yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Chevrolet mgalimoto zawo, DSC (Kuwongolera kwachitetezo champhamvu) BMW, Zithunzi za PSM (Porsche Bata Management System), V DC (Mphamvu zamagalimoto) imayikidwa pamagalimoto a Subaru, Zithunzi za VSC (Kuwongolera kukhazikika kwamagalimoto) imayikidwanso pa Subaru komanso magalimoto a Lexus.
Chidule cha ESP chimachokera ku Chingerezi Pulogalamu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndipo imayimira pulogalamu yokhazikika yamagetsi. Kuchokera pa dzina lokha, zikuwonekeratu kuti uyu ndi nthumwi ya othandizira pakompyuta pazoyendetsa bwino. Kupezeka ndikukhazikitsidwa kwotsatira kwa ESP kunali kochita bwino pamakampani opanga magalimoto. Zomwezo zidachitikanso ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa ABS. ESP imathandiza dalaivala wosadziwa zambiri komanso waluso kuthana ndi zovuta zina zomwe zingachitike mukamayendetsa. Masensa angapo mgalimoto amajambula zomwe zikuyendetsa pano. Izi zimafaniziridwa kudzera pazoyang'anira ndi zomwe zimawerengedwa pazoyendetsa zolondola. Pakapezeka kusiyana, ESP imatsegulidwa yokha ndikuyendetsa galimotoyo. ESP imagwiritsa ntchito zida zina zamagetsi zamagetsi pantchito yake. Ogwira ntchito zamagetsi ofunikira kwambiri ndi monga ABS anti-lock braking system, ma anti-skid system (ASR, TCS ndi ena) ndi upangiri wokhudzana ndi masensa ofunikira a ESP.
Njirayi idapangidwa ndi akatswiri ochokera ku Bosch ndi Mercedes. Galimoto yoyamba yokhala ndi ESP inali S 1995 coupe (C 600) mu Marichi 140. Patatha miyezi ingapo, dongosololi lidapitanso ku S-Class (W 140) ndi SL Roadster (R 129). Mtengo wa kachitidweka unali wokwera kwambiri kotero kuti poyamba makinawo anali ofanana kwambiri kuphatikiza ndi injini yakumapeto 6,0 V12 khumi-yamphamvu, yamainjini ena a ESP imangopatsidwa ndalama zowonjezera zokha. Kukula kwenikweni mu ESP kudachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zowoneka ngati zazing'ono ndipo mwanjira ina, zidangochitika mwangozi. Mu 1997, atolankhani aku Sweden adayesa kukhazikika pazomwe zinali zatsopano, zomwe zinali a Mercedes A. Chodabwitsa kwambiri kwa onse omwe analipo, a Mercedes A sanathe kuthana ndi mayeso otchedwa moose. Ichi ndi chiyambi cha bizinesi yomwe inakakamiza opanga kuti asiye kuyimitsa ntchitoyo kwakanthawi kochepa. Khama la akatswiri ndi opanga pa Stuttgart Automobile Plant kuti apeze yankho lolondola lavutoli lalandidwa bwino. Kutengera kuyesedwa kambiri, ESP idakhala gawo limodzi la Mercedes A. Izi, zidatanthauzanso kuwonjezeka pakupanga kwa dongosololi kuchokera pa makumi zikwizikwi mpaka mazana masauzande, ndipo mitengo yotsika mtengo itha kupezeka. ESP yakonza njira yoti igwiritsidwe ntchito mgalimoto zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono. Kubadwa kwa ESP kunali kusintha kwenikweni pankhani yoyendetsa bwino, ndipo lero kuli kofala osati chifukwa cha Mercedes-Benz. Kukhalapo kwa ESP, yomwe ikukula ndipo pakadali pano ndi yomwe idapanga kampani yayikulu, idathandizira kwambiri kukhalapo kwa ESP.
Muzinthu zambiri zamagetsi, ubongo ndi gawo lolamulira lamagetsi, ndipo izi sizili choncho ndi ESP. Ntchito ya unit control ndikufanizira zowona zenizeni kuchokera ku masensa ndi zowerengera zowerengeka mukuyendetsa. Kuwongolera kofunikira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi ngodya yozungulira komanso kuthamanga kwa magudumu. Mayendedwe enieni oyendetsa amawerengedwa potengera kuthamangitsidwa kotsatira komanso kuzungulira kwagalimoto mozungulira mozungulira. Ngati kupatuka kwa ziwerengero zowerengeka kuzindikirika, njira yokhazikika imayatsidwa. Opaleshoni ya ESP imayang'anira makokedwe a injini ndipo imakhudza mabuleki a gudumu limodzi kapena angapo, motero amachotsa kuyenda kosafunikira kwagalimoto. ESP imatha kuwongolera understeer ndi oversteer mukamakona. Vehicle understeer imakonzedwa poboola gudumu lakumbuyo lamkati. Oversteer imakonzedwa ndikuphwanya gudumu lakutsogolo lakunja. Pamene braking gudumu anapatsidwa, mphamvu braking kwaiye pa gudumu pa kukhazikika. Malinga ndi lamulo losavuta la physics, mphamvu za braking izi zimapanga torque mozungulira mozungulira galimotoyo. Ma torque omwe amabwera nthawi zonse amalimbana ndi mayendedwe osayenera ndipo motero amabwezera galimoto komwe akufunidwa akamakona. Imatembenuziranso galimoto kunjira yoyenera ikakhala yosatembenuka. Chitsanzo cha ntchito ya ESP ndikumakona mwachangu pomwe ekseli yakutsogolo ituluka mwachangu pakona. ESP poyamba imachepetsa torque ya injini. Ngati izi sizikukwanira, gudumu lakumbuyo lamkati limaphwanyidwa. Njira yokhazikika imapitilirabe mpaka chizolowezi cha skid chachepa.
ESP imayendera gawo loyang'anira lomwe limakonda ku ABS ndi zida zina zamagetsi monga EBV / EBD brake force distributor, engine torque regulator (MSR) ndi anti-skid system (EDS, ASR ndi TCS). Chipangizocho chimapanga kasinthidwe ka 143 pamphindikati, ndiye kuti, ma millisecond 7 aliwonse, omwe amakhala othamanga maulendo 30 kuposa a munthu. ESP imafuna masensa angapo kuti agwire ntchito, monga:
- chojambulira cha brake (chimadziwitsa oyang'anira omwe dalaivala akuwombera),
- masensa othamangitsira magudumu,
- chowongolera chowongolera (chimatsata njira yoyenera kuyenda),
- sensor yothamangitsira pambuyo pake (imalembetsa kukula kwa magulu ofananira nawo, monga mphamvu ya centrifugal pamapindikira),
- chosinthira chamagalimoto mozungulira olowera (kuwunika kuzungulira kwa galimoto mozungulira olowera ndikuwona momwe zikuyendera),
- chojambulira cha brake (chimatsimikizira kupsyinjika kwaposachedwa kwa mabuleki, komwe magulu amabrake motero mphamvu zakutali zogwirira ntchito zitha kuwerengedwa),
- Kutenga kwautali kwautali (kokha kwamagalimoto oyendetsa anayi).
Kuphatikiza apo, braking system imafunikira chida china chowonjezera chomwe chimakakamiza dalaivala kuti asayime. Hayidiroliki wagawira kuthamanga ananyema kwa mawilo ananyema. Chosinthira magetsi chimapangidwa kuti chikayatse magetsi oyimitsa ngati dalaivala sakusweka pamene dongosolo la ESP likuyatsa. ESP nthawi zina imatha kutsegulidwa ndi batani lapa dashboard, lomwe ndi labwino, mwachitsanzo, poyendetsa ndi matcheni a chisanu. Kuzimitsa kapena kachitidwe kumawonetsedwa ndi chizindikiritso chowunikira pazida zamagetsi.
ESP imakulolani kuti musunthireko malire a malamulo a fizikiya ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chogwira ntchito. Zikanakhala kuti magalimoto onse anali ndi ESP, ngozi pafupifupi limodzi mwa magawo khumi zikadapewedwa. Njirayi imayang'anitsitsa kukhazikika ngati siyimitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, dalaivala amakhala wotetezeka kwambiri, makamaka m'misewu yozizira komanso yachisanu. Popeza ESP imawongolera komwe mayendedwe akuyenda ndikulipira zopatuka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chokwera, zimachepetsa ngozi mwadzidzidzi pamavuto. Komabe, ziyenera kugogomezedwa mu mpweya umodzi kuti ngakhale ESP yamakono kwambiri sidzapulumutsa dalaivala wosasamala yemwe samatsatira malamulo a fizikiya.
Popeza ESP ndi chizindikiro cha BOSCH ndi Mercedes, opanga ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya Bosch ndi dzina la ESP, kapena apanga makina awo ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito dzina lina (lawo).
Acura-Honda: Vehicle Stability Control (VSA)
Alfa Romeo: Dynamic Vehicle Control (VDC)
Audi: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
Bentley: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
BMW: vrátane Dynamic Traction Control DSC
Bugatti: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Chidziwitso: StabiliTrak
Cadillac: StabiliTrak ndi Active Front Steering (AFS)
Chery Galimoto: Dongosolo Lamagetsi Lamagetsi
Chevrolet: StabiliTrak; Kugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu (Lin Corvette)
Chrysler: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Citroën: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Dodge: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Daimler: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Fiat: Electronic Stability Program (ESP) ndi Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)
Ferrari: Kukhazikika Koyang'anira (CST)
Ford: AdvanceTrac yokhala ndi Roll Over Stability Control (RSC), Interactive Vehicle Dynamics (IVD), Electronic Stability Program (ESP) ndi Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)
General Motors: StabiliTrak
Holden: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Hyundai: Electronic Stability Program (ESP), Electronic Stability Control (ESC), Kukhazikika Kwamagalimoto (VSA)
Infiniti: Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)
Jaguar: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)
Jeep: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Kia: Electronic Stability Control (ESC) ndi Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
Lamborghini: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Land Rover: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)
Lexus: Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) ndi Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)
Lincoln: ZotsatilaTrac
Maserati: Maserati Stability Program (MSP)
Mazda: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC), vrátane Dynamic Traction Control
Mercedes-Benz: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
Mercury: Kupititsa patsogoloTrac
MINI: Dynamic Stability Control
Mitsubishi: MULTI-MODE Active Stability Control and Traction Control a Active Stability Control (ASC)
Nissan: Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)
Oldsmobile: Precision Control System (PCS)
Opel: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Peugeot: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Pontiak: Stabili Trak
Porsche: Porsche Bata Control (PSM)
Proton: pulogalamu yokhazikika yamagetsi
Renault: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Rover Gulu: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)
Saab: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Saturn: StabiliTrak
Scania: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
SEAT: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Škoda: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Smart: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Subaru: Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC)
Suzuki: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Toyota: Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) ndi Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)
Vauxhall: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
Volvo: Dynamic Stability and Traction Control (DSTC)
Volkswagen: Dongosolo La Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi (ESP)
