Chipangizo ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito chitetezo cha oyenda pansi

Ngozi zikwizikwi zokhudzana ndi oyenda pansi zimachitika m'misewu yaku Russia chaka chilichonse. Ngozi zoterezi zimachitika chifukwa cholakwitsa kwa madalaivala komanso chifukwa cha kusasamala kwa anthu omwe amalowa panjira. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ovulala kwambiri pa kugundana pakati pa galimoto ndi munthu, opanga makina apanga makina apadera - nyumba yogwira ntchito yoteteza anthu oyenda pansi. Tikuuzani zomwe zili muzinthu zathu.

Dongosolo lake ndi chiyani

Njira yachitetezo cha oyenda pansi idakhazikitsidwa koyamba pagalimoto zopanga ku Europe mu 2011. Lero chipangizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimoto zambiri zaku Europe ndi America. Makampani akulu akulu atatu akupanga zida:

• TRW Holdings Automotive (amapanga chinthu chotchedwa Pedestrian Protection System, PPS).
• Bosch (amapanga Chitetezo cha Oyenda Pamagetsi, kapena EPP).
• Nokia.

Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwamaina, opanga onse amapanga makina omwe amagwira ntchito mofanana: ngati kugundana ndi munthu woyenda pansi sikungapeweke, chitetezo chimagwira ntchito kuti muchepetse zotsatira za ngozi kwa munthu.

Cholinga cha dongosolo

Chipangizocho chimakhazikitsidwa pa bonnet yogwira yokhala ndi chitetezo cha oyenda pansi. Munthu akagunda galimoto, hood imatseguka pang'ono pafupifupi masentimita 15, ndikutenga kulemera kwakukulu kwa thupi. Nthawi zina, dongosololi limatha kupitilizidwa ndi ma airbagi oyenda pansi, omwe amawotchedwa pomwe hood imatsegulidwa ndikuchepetsa.

Malo otsegulira amachulukitsa mtunda pakati pa munthuyo ndi galimotoyo. Zotsatira zake, woyenda pansi amalandira zovulala zochepa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kunyamuka ndi mikwingwirima yochepa chabe.

Zinthu ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito

Njira yotetezera oyenda ili ndi zinthu zazikulu zitatu:

• masensa olowera;
• gawo loyang'anira;
• zida zoyang'anira (okwera hood).

Opanga amaika masensa angapo othamangitsira kutsogolo kwa bampala yagalimoto. Kuphatikiza pa izi, sensa yolumikizirana itha kuyikidwanso. Ntchito yayikulu yazida ndikuwongolera kusintha komwe kungachitike poyenda. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwembu cha ntchito ndi ichi:

• Masensa akangomukonzekeretsa munthu pamtunda wochepa kuchokera pagalimoto, nthawi yomweyo amatumiza chizindikiro ku gawo loyang'anira.
• Gawo loyang'anira, limatsimikizira ngati pakhala pali kugundana kwenikweni ndi woyenda pansi komanso ngati hood iyenera kutsegulidwa.
• Ngati vuto ladzidzidzi lidachitikadi, olimbikitsawo amayamba kugwira ntchito - akasupe amphamvu kapena squibs.

Njira yachitetezo cha oyenda pansi imatha kukhala ndi zida zake zamagetsi kapena, pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu, kuti iphatikizidwe munjira yachitetezo chagalimoto. Njira yachiwiri imawerengedwa kuti ndiyothandiza kwambiri.

Chikwama cha ndege choyenda

Pofuna kupereka chitetezo chokwanira kwa oyenda pansi pakagundana, ma airbags amathanso kuikidwa pansi pa galimoto. Iwo akuphatikizidwa pantchitoyo pomwe hood imatsegulidwa.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Volvo wagwiritsa ntchito zida ngati izi pagalimoto zake.

Mosiyana ndi ma airbags oyendetsa nthawi zonse, ma airbagi oyenda amatumiza kuchokera kunja. Njirayi imayikidwa mu zipilala zamphepo, komanso pansi pake.

Woyenda pansi akagunda galimoto, dongosololi lidzagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi ndikutsegulira nyumba. Mapilo amateteza munthu kuti asakhudzidwe ndikuwonetsetsa zenera lakutsogolo.

Ma airbage oyenda amayendetsedwa pomwe liwiro lagalimoto lili pakati pa 20 ndi 50 km / h. Kukhazikitsa zoletsa izi, opanga adadalira manambala, malinga ndi zomwe ngozi zambiri (zomwe ndi, 75%) zomwe oyenda pansi amapita mumzinda siziposa 40 km / h.

Zida zowonjezera

Zowonjezera, makina ndi mawonekedwe amapangidwe atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha anthu omwe mwadzidzidzi amatuluka mumsewu kutsogolo kwa galimoto, kuphatikiza:

• zofewa;
• bampala wofewa;
• mtunda wochuluka kuchokera ku injini kupita ku hood;
• maburashi opanda mawonekedwe;
• bonnet yowonongeka kwambiri ndi galasi lakutsogolo.

Mayankho onsewa amalola kuti munthu woyenda pansi asapewe kuvulala, kuvulala pamutu komanso zovuta zina. Kuperewera kwa kulumikizana kwachindunji ndi injini ndi zenera lakutsogolo kumakupatsani mwayi wochoka ndi mikwingwirima yowopsa.

Nthawi zina dalaivala sangayembekezere kuwonekera kwa oyenda panjira yamagalimoto. Ngati munthu atulukira mwadzidzidzi kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo, ma braking system alibe nthawi yoyimitsa galimotoyo. Tsogolo lotsatirali osati la wovutikayo, komanso woyendetsa galimotoyo atha kudalira kuchuluka kwa zoyipa zomwe zidayambitsa thanzi la woyenda pansi. Chifukwa chake, posankha galimoto, ndikofunikira kulabadira osati kupezeka kwa chitetezo cha dalaivala ndi omwe akukwera, komanso njira zomwe zimachepetsa kuvulala pakagundana ndi munthu.