Zida zamagalimoto zamagalimoto

Kuyika zida za baluni ya gasi kwakhala njira yofunikira kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi. Mchitidwe wokwera mtengo wa petulo nthawi zonse wapangitsa oyendetsa galimoto kuganizira za mafuta ena. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana mibadwo yonse ya zida gasi-baluni, mmene amasiyana wina ndi mzake, ndi ngati galimoto akhoza ntchito stably pa mafuta ena.

HBO ndi chiyani

Zida za CNG zimayikidwa mgalimoto zambiri zonyamula ngati njira yowonjezerapo yomwe imapatsa mafuta oyaka mkati ndi mafuta ena. Gasi wofala kwambiri ndi kaphatikizidwe ka propane ndi butane. Methane imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto akulu akulu, chifukwa makina amafunika kuti azigwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa mnzake pa propane (masilinda akuluakulu okhala ndi makoma akuda amafunika).

Kuphatikiza pa magalimoto opepuka, LPG imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pama crossover kapena magalimoto ang'onoang'ono, monga Ford F150. Pali opanga omwe amakonzekeretsa mitundu ina ndi makina amagetsi mwachindunji ku fakitale.

Oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri amasintha magalimoto awo kukhala mafuta ophatikizika. Kugwiritsa ntchito injini pa mafuta ndi mafuta kumakhala kofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito mitundu yonse iwiri yamafuta m'magawo ambiri amagetsi.

Chifukwa kukhazikitsa HBO

Chifukwa chokhazikitsa HBO zitha kukhala izi:

• Mtengo wamafuta. Mafuta m'malo opakirako mafuta ambiri amagulitsidwa kawiri mtengo wamafuta, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta onsewo ndi chimodzimodzi (gasi ndi pafupifupi 15% kuposa);
• Chiwerengero cha octane cha gasi (propane-butane) ndichokwera kuposa cha mafuta, chifukwa chake injini imayenda bwino, sipamakhala phokoso lililonse;
• Kutentha kwa gasi wamadzimadzi kumachitika bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake - pazotsatira zomwezo, mafuta ayenera kupopera kuti asakanikirane bwino ndi mpweya;
• Ngati imodzi yamafuta yamafuta ikulephera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ina ngati njira yobwezera. Nthawi zambiri, njirayi imathandiza pamene mpweya wa silinda umatha, ndipo ikadali kutali kwambiri kuti iperekedwe. Zowona, pankhaniyi ndikofunikira kuti thanki yamafuta imadzazidwanso;
• Ngati galimoto ili ndi zida za LPG pamwamba pa m'badwo wachiwiri, ndiye kuti makina oyendetsa magetsi amasintha mafuta kuchokera pagasi kupita ku petulo, zomwe zimawonjezera mtunda wopanda mafuta (ngakhale izi zingakhudze mtengo wonse wamafuta);
• Gasi litapsa, zoipitsa zochepa zimatulutsidwa mumlengalenga.

Nthawi zambiri, HBO imayikidwa pazifukwa zachuma, osati pazifukwa zina. Ngakhale pali zina zambiri zaluso mu izi. Chifukwa chake, kusintha gasi kupita ku mafuta komanso mosemphanitsa kumakupatsani mwayi wokonzekeretsa injini kuti izigwira ntchito kuzizira - kuti iziziwotha bwino. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri kuchita ndi mpweya, chifukwa kutentha kwake kumakhala madigiri 40 pansi pa zero. Kuti musinthe mafuta ena oyaka bwino mu silinda, imayenera kuwotha pang'ono.

Pachifukwa ichi, chitoliro chanthambi yamagetsi yamagetsi chimalumikizidwa ndi chopangira mpweya. Antifreeze yomwe ili mkatimo ikatentha, kutentha kwa mpweya wozizira womwe umapezekanso kumakwera pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyatsa mu injini.

Ngati galimoto ikadutsa chizindikiritso cha chilengedwe, ndiye kuti kuyesa kwamafuta oyaka mkati kumadutsa popanda zovuta. Koma ndi mafuta unit popanda chothandizira ndipo mafuta a octane wapamwamba ndi ovuta kukwaniritsa.

Gulu la HBO pamibadwo

Zida zamagesi zimasinthidwa nthawi zonse potsatira kusinthika kwa magalimoto ndi kukhazikika kwa miyezo yotulutsa mpweya. Pali mibadwo 6, koma 3 yokha ndiyosiyana kwambiri ndi inzake, mibadwo itatu yotsalayo ndi yapakatikati. 

M'badwo woyamba

Mbadwo woyamba umagwiritsa ntchito propane-butane kapena methane. Zigawo zazikulu za zida ndi silinda ndi evaporator. Mpweya umadzazidwa ndi ma valve mu silinda, kenako umalowa mu evaporator, kumene umadutsa mumlengalenga (ndipo methane imatenthetsa), kenako mpweya umadutsa muzitsulo zochepetsera, zomwe zimayika jekeseni malinga ndi kupanikizika kwa mpweya. kudya zambiri.

M'badwo woyamba, mayunitsi osiyana a evaporator ndi reducer adagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambilira, pambuyo pake mayunitsi adaphatikizidwa kukhala nyumba imodzi. 

Bokosi lamagetsi la m'badwo woyamba limagwira ntchito mosasunthika munthawi zambiri, pomwe vavu yotsegulira imatsegulidwa, mpweya umalowetsedwa mu silinda kudzera pa carburetor kapena chosakanizira. 

M'badwo woyamba uli ndi zovuta: kukhumudwa pafupipafupi kwa dongosololi, komwe kumabweretsa ma pops ndi moto, kuyambitsa injini kovuta, kusintha kosakanikirana kwakanthawi kofunikira.

M'badwo woyamba

M'badwo wachiwiri unali wamakono pang'ono. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa choyamba ndi kukhalapo kwa valve solenoid m'malo mwa vacuum imodzi. Tsopano inu mukhoza kusinthana pakati petulo ndi gasi popanda kusiya kanyumba, zinakhala zotheka kuyambitsa injini pa gasi. Koma kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti zidakhala zotheka kukhazikitsa m'badwo wa 2 pa magalimoto a jakisoni ndi jekeseni wogawidwa.

M'badwo woyamba

Kusintha kwina kwa m'badwo woyamba, kukumbukira mono-injector. Chowongolera chimakhala ndi chowongolera chowongolera cha gasi, chomwe chimatenga chidziwitso kuchokera ku sensa ya oxygen, ndipo kudzera pagalimoto yoyenda imayendetsa kuchuluka kwa gasi. Chojambulira chawonekeranso, chomwe sichimalola kusintha kwa gasi mpaka injini itentha. 

Chifukwa cha kuwerenga kwa sensa ya oxygen, HBO-3 imakwaniritsa zofunikira za Euro-2, chifukwa chake imayikidwa pa jakisoni wokha. Pakadali pano, zida za m'badwo wachitatu sizipezeka m'misika yamagetsi. 

 M'badwo woyamba

Makina atsopano, omwe nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pamagalimoto a jekeseni omwe amagawidwa mwachindunji. 

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndikuti woyang'anira gasi amakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse, ndipo tsopano mpweya umadutsa m'ming'alu (iliyonse pa silinda) kulowa mowirikiza. Zipangizazi zimakhala ndi gawo loyang'anira lomwe limayendetsa mphindi ya jakisoni komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Njirayi imagwira ntchito yokha: ikafika pa kutentha kwa injini, gasi imagwira ntchito, koma pali kuthekera koti mpweya wakakamizidwa ukhale ndi batani lochokera kuchipinda chonyamula.

HBO-4 ndiyabwino chifukwa kufufuzira ndikusintha kwa gearbox ndi ma jekeseni kumachitika ndi mapulogalamu, kuthekera kambiri kosiyanasiyana kotseguka. 

Zipangizo za Methane zili ndi mapangidwe ofanana, koma ndizinthu zolimbikitsidwa chifukwa chakusiyana kwamphamvu (kwa methane, kuthamanga kwake kumakhala kokwera 10 kuposa propane).

M'badwo woyamba

Mbadwo wotsatira wasintha padziko lonse lapansi poyerekeza ndi wachinayi. Gasi amaperekedwa kwa ma jakisoni mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, ndipo makinawo adalandira pampu yake yomwe imapopera madzi pafupipafupi. Ili ndiye dongosolo lotsogola kwambiri mpaka pano. Ubwino waukulu:

• kuthekera kosavuta kuyambitsa injini yozizira pa gasi
• palibe chowongolera
• Palibe chosokoneza ndi dongosolo lozizira
• kumwa mafuta pamlingo wamafuta
• mapaipi apamwamba a pulasitiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mzere
• khola la moto woyaka wamkati.

Mwa zolakwikazo, mtengo wokwera mtengo wa zida ndi kukhazikitsa ndizomwe zimadziwika.

M'badwo woyamba

Ndizovuta kugula HBO-6 padera, ngakhale ku Europe. Kuyikidwa pamagalimoto okhala ndi jekeseni wachindunji, pomwe mafuta ndi petulo amayenda mofanana ndi mafuta, ndikulowetsa zonenepa kudzera mumajakisoni omwewo. Ubwino waukulu:

• zida zowonjezera zochepa
• khola ndi mphamvu yofanana pamitundu iwiri yamafuta
• kutuluka kofanana
• mtengo wogulira ntchito
• kusamalira zachilengedwe.

Mtengo wa zida za turnkey ndi 1800-2000 euros. 

Chipangizo cha HBO

Pali mibadwo ingapo yamagetsi. Amasiyana pazinthu zina, koma mawonekedwewo sanasinthe. Zofunikira pazinthu zonse za LPG:

• Zitsulo zolumikizira mphuno yodzaza;
• Kuthamanga chotengera. Makulidwe ake amatengera kukula kwa galimotoyo komanso malo oyikiramo. Itha kukhala "piritsi" m'malo mwa gudumu lopumira kapena silinda wamba;
• Kuthamanga mzere - imagwirizanitsa zinthu zonse kukhala dongosolo limodzi;
• Sinthani batani (mitundu ya XNUMX ndi XNUMX ya m'badwo) kapena kusintha kosintha (m'badwo wachinayi ndi pamwambapa). Izi zimasintha magetsi a solenoid, omwe amadula mzere umodzi kuchokera mzake ndikuletsa zomwe zili mkati kuti zisasakanikane ndi mafuta;
• Kulumikizana kumagwiritsa ntchito batani loyang'anira (kapena kusinthana) ndi valavu ya solenoid, ndipo mumitundu yayikulu, magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama sensa osiyanasiyana ndi ma nozzles;
• Pochepetsa, mpweya umatsukidwa ndi zosafunika kudzera mu fyuluta yabwino;
• Zosintha zaposachedwa za LPG zili ndi ma jakisoni ndi gawo loyang'anira.

Zigawo zikuluzikulu

Gulu la zida za LPG zimakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: 

• evaporator - amasintha mpweya kukhala mpweya, amachepetsa kuthamanga kwake kukhala mumlengalenga
• chochepetsera - amachepetsa kuthamanga, amasintha gasi kuchokera kumadzi kupita ku mpweya chifukwa chophatikizana ndi njira yozizira. Imayendetsedwa ndi vacuum kapena electromagnet, imakhala ndi zomangira zosinthira kuchuluka kwa gasi
• mpweya solenoid valavu - kutseka gasi pa nthawi ya ntchito carburetor kapena jekeseni, komanso pamene injini kuyimitsidwa
• mafuta solenoid valavu - amakulolani kuti mupewe kuperekedwa kwa gasi ndi mafuta nthawi yomweyo, emulator imayang'anira izi pa jekeseni.
• kusintha - yoyikidwa mu kanyumba, ili ndi batani lokakamiza kusintha pakati pa mafuta, komanso chizindikiro chowala cha mlingo wa gasi mu thanki
• kutchfuneralhome - gawo lofunikira lomwe limayikidwa mu silinda. Zimaphatikizapo valavu yoperekera mafuta ndi kutuluka, komanso mlingo wa gasi. Pakavuta kwambiri, ma multivalve amakhetsa mpweya mumlengalenga
• chibaluni - chidebe, cylindrical kapena toroidal, chitha kupangidwa ndi chitsulo wamba, alloyed, aluminiyamu yokhala ndi mapiritsi ophatikizika kapena zida zophatikizika. Monga lamulo, thanki imadzazidwa zosaposa 80% ya voliyumu yake kuti athe kukulitsa mpweya popanda kuwonjezeka kwakukulu.

Kodi chiwembu cha HBO chimagwira bwanji

Gasi wochokera mu silinda amalowa mu valavu yosefera, yomwe imayeretsa mafuta pazinyalala, komanso imatseka gasi ikafunika. Kudzera payipi, mpweya umalowa mu evaporator, pomwe kuthamanga kumatsika kuchokera 16 mpaka 1 mumlengalenga. Kuzirala kwamphamvu kwa mpweya kumapangitsa kuti chopewacho chisazizire, motero chimatenthedwa ndi injini yozizira. Pansi pa zingalowe m'malo mwa woperekera, mpweya umalowa mu chosakanizira, kenako muzitsulo zamagetsi.

Kuwerengera nthawi yobwezera ya HBO

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa HBO kumalipira kwa eni galimoto nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimakhudzidwa ndi izi:

• Magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto - ngati galimoto imagwiritsidwa ntchito maulendo ang'onoang'ono ndipo samapita mseu waukulu, woyendetsa galimoto amayenera kudikirira nthawi yayitali kuti kulipira kulipira chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika wa gasi poyerekeza ndi mafuta. Zotsatira zotsutsana ndi zoyendera, zomwe zimayenda maulendo ataliatali mu "mseu" ndipo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni m'matauni. Pachiwiri, gasi yocheperako imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamsewu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zisungidwe;
• Mtengo wokhazikitsa zida zamagesi. Ngati kuyikirako kumayikidwa mgwirizano wama garaja, ndiye kuti ndikosavuta kupita kwa mbuye wa Krivoruky, yemwe, chifukwa cha ndalama zake, amaika zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamtengo watsopano. Izi ndizowopsa makamaka pamiyala yamphamvu, chifukwa ali ndi moyo wawo wokha. Pachifukwa ichi, pali milandu yoopsa yokhudza galimoto yomwe buluni idaphulika. Koma ena angavomereze mwadala kukhazikitsa zida zogulidwa pamanja. Poterepa, kuyikiraku kungafotokozere bwino ndalama zomwe zingagulitsidwe, koma pamenepo ziphatikizanso kukonzanso mtengo, mwachitsanzo, m'malo mwa multivalve kapena silinda;
• Mbadwo wa HBO. Mbadwo wapamwamba, umakhala wolimba komanso wodalirika udzagwira ntchito (m'badwo wachiwiri umayikidwa pamakina a carburetor), koma nthawi yomweyo, mtengo wakukhazikitsa ndi kukonza zida umakweranso;
• Ndiyeneranso kulingalira za mafuta omwe injini ikugwiritsira ntchito - izi zidzatsimikizira kusungidwa kwa makilomita 100 aliwonse.

Nayi kanema yayifupi yamomwe mungadziwire mwachangu kuti ma gasi amalipira chifukwa cha mafuta otsika mtengo:

Kodi kukhazikitsa kwa LPG kulipira ndalama zingati? Tiyeni tiwerengere limodzi.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Zida zamabaluni a gasi ndi nkhani yazaka zambiri za mikangano pakati pa otsutsa ndi omwe amatsatira mafuta ena. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zokomera okayikira:

• galimoto ikulemera kwambiri 
• malo ochepa achubu
• ntchito yofunikira
• Kuchepetsa mphamvu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri (kwa mibadwo 4 yoyambirira)
• kuthekera kwakuphulika kwa gasi.

Mapulani:

• ndalama zenizeni mpaka 40%
• kutentha pang'ono kwa injini
• Mafuta a injini ndi chozizira sichikhala ndi kachilombo
• kuchuluka kosungira magetsi.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Zomwe zili mu zida za LPG? Silinda yamagetsi, valavu ya baluni, multivalve, chipangizo chodzaza kutali, evaporator-evaporator (imayang'anira kuthamanga kwa mpweya), momwe fyuluta yamafuta imayikidwa.

Kodi zida za LPG ndi chiyani? Ndi njira ina yamafuta agalimoto. ndi yogwirizana ndi petulo powertrains. Gasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira magetsi.

Kodi zida za LPG zimagwira ntchito bwanji pagalimoto? Kuchokera pa silinda, mpweya wamadzimadzi umaponyedwa mu chochepetsera (palibe pampu yamafuta imafunikira). Gasi amangolowa mu carburetor kapena jekeseni, komwe amadyetsedwa mu masilindala.