Citroen

Citroen
dzina:MNTHU
Chaka cha maziko:1919
Oyambitsa:Andre Gustave Citroen
Zokhudza:PSA Peugeot Citroen
Расположение:FranceParis
Nkhani:Werengani

Citroen

Mbiri ya mtundu wa galimoto Citroen

Zamkatimu FounderEmblemCar mbiri mu zitsanzoMafunso ndi mayankho: Citroen ndi mtundu wotchuka waku France, womwe likulu lawo lili ku likulu la zikhalidwe zapadziko lonse lapansi, Paris. Kampaniyo ndi gawo la Peugeot-Citroen nkhawa. Osati kale kwambiri, kampaniyo inayamba mgwirizano wokangalika ndi kampani yaku China ya Dongfeng, chifukwa magalimoto amtunduwu amalandira zida zapamwamba kwambiri. Komabe, zonsezi zinayamba modzichepetsa kwambiri. Nayi nkhani ya mtundu wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, womwe uli ndi zochitika zingapo zachisoni zomwe zimatsogolera otsogolera ku mapeto. Woyambitsa Mu 1878, Andre anabadwira m'banja la Citroen, lomwe lili ndi mizu ya Chiyukireniya. Atalandira maphunziro aumisiri, katswiri wina wachinyamata akupeza ntchito pakampani ina yaing’ono yomwe inkapanga zida zosinthira ma injini a nthunzi. Pang'onopang'ono mbuyeyo anakula. Zomwe zinamuchitikira komanso luso labwino loyang'anira zidamuthandiza kuti akhale mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti yaukadaulo pafakitale ya Mors. Pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, mbewuyo idachita kupanga zipolopolo zankhondo zankhondo zaku France. Nkhondoyo itatha, woyang'anira malowo adayenera kusankha mbiri yake, popeza zida sizinali zopindulitsa. Andre sanaganizire mozama za kukhala wopanga magalimoto. Komabe, ankadziwa bwino kuti niche imeneyi ingakhale yopindulitsa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, katswiriyu anali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira pamakanika. Izi zinamupangitsa kuti adziika pangozi ndikukhazikitsa njira yatsopano yopangira. Chizindikirocho chinalembetsedwa mu 1919, ndipo chinalandira dzina la woyambitsa monga dzina. Poyamba, adaganiza zopanga chitsanzo chagalimoto chochita bwino kwambiri, koma adayimitsidwa ndikuchita. Andre ankadziwa bwino kuti kunali kofunikira osati kungopanga galimoto, koma kupatsa wogula chinthu chotsika mtengo. Chinachake chofananacho chinachitidwa ndi wa m’nthaŵi yake, Henry Ford. Chizindikiro Mapangidwe a chevron iwiri adasankhidwa ngati maziko a chizindikirocho. Ichi ndi chida chapadera, mano ake omwe ali ngati V. Patent yopanga gawo ili idaperekedwa ndi woyambitsa kampaniyo mu 1905. Zogulitsazo zinali zofunika kwambiri, makamaka m'magalimoto akuluakulu. Nthawi zambiri, maoda adachokera kumakampani opanga zombo. Mwachitsanzo, Titanic yotchuka m'makina ena inali ndi magiya a herringbone. Pamene kampani yamagalimoto idakhazikitsidwa, woyambitsa wake adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe ake - chevron iwiri. M'mbiri yonse ya kampaniyo, chizindikirocho chasintha kasanu ndi kamodzi, komabe, monga mukuonera pa chithunzi, chinthu chachikulu chakhala chofanana. Magalimoto amtundu wina omwe kampaniyo ikuchita nawo, DS amagwiritsa ntchito logo yomwe imafanana ndi chizindikiro chachikulu. Pamagalimoto, chevron iwiri imagwiritsidwanso ntchito, m'mphepete mwake mumakhala chilembo S, ndipo kalata D ili pafupi nayo. Mbiri yagalimoto mu zitsanzo Mbiri ya chitukuko cha matekinoloje omwe kampaniyo idagwiritsa ntchito imatha kutsatiridwa mumitundu yomwe imachokera kumayendedwe amtunduwo. Nawu ulendo wachidule wa mbiri yakale. 1919 André Citroën akuyambitsa chitsanzo chake choyamba, Type A. Injini yoyatsira mkati ya 18-horsepower inali ndi makina oziziritsira madzi. Voliyumu yake inali 1327 kiyubiki centimita. Liwiro lalikulu linali la makilomita 65 pa ola limodzi. Chodabwitsa cha galimotoyo chinali chakuti inkagwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa ndi choyambira chamagetsi. Komanso, chitsanzocho chinali chotsika mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe kufalitsidwa kwake kunali pafupifupi zidutswa 100 patsiku. 1919 - Zokambirana zikuchitika ndi GM kuti wopanga makina opangidwa kumene kuti akhale gawo lake. Mgwirizanowu udatsala pang'ono kusainidwa, koma panthawi yomaliza, kampani yomwe idafunsidwayo idasiya mgwirizano. Izi zinapangitsa kuti kampaniyo ikhalebe yodziimira mpaka 1934. 1919-1928 Citroen imagwiritsa ntchito njira yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse yotsatsa, yomwe idalowetsedwa mu Guinness Book of Records - Eiffel Tower. Pofuna kulimbikitsa mtunduwo, woyambitsa kampaniyo amathandizira maulendo ataliatali opita ku Africa, North America ndi Asia. Muzochitika zonse, adapereka magalimoto ake, zomwe zinasonyeza kudalirika kwa magalimoto otsika mtengo awa. 1924 - mtundu umasonyeza chilengedwe chake chotsatira - chitsanzo B10. Inali galimoto yoyamba ya ku Ulaya yokhala ndi thupi lachitsulo. Pa chiwonetsero cha magalimoto ku Paris, galimotoyo nthawi yomweyo idakondedwa osati ndi oyendetsa okha, komanso ndi otsutsa. Komabe, kutchuka kwa chitsanzo kunadutsa mwamsanga, monga mpikisano nthawi zambiri ankapereka pafupifupi magalimoto osasinthika, koma mu thupi lina, ndipo Citroen anali kukokera izi. Chifukwa cha ichi, chinthu chokha chimene chidwi ogula pa nthawi imeneyo anali mtengo wa magalimoto French. 1933 - mitundu iwiri ikuwonekera nthawi imodzi. Ichi ndi Traction Avant, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito thupi lachitsulo la monocoque, kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha kutsogolo ndi gudumu lakutsogolo. Chitsanzo chachiwiri - Rossalie, pansi pa nyumba yomwe inali injini ya dizilo. 1934 - Chifukwa cha ndalama zazikulu pakupanga mitundu yatsopano, kampaniyo imasowa ndalama ndipo imatengedwa ndi m'modzi mwa omwe amabwereketsa - Michelin. Patatha chaka chimodzi, woyambitsa mtundu wa Citroen amwalira. Izi zikutsatiridwa ndi nthawi yovuta, yomwe, chifukwa cha maubwenzi ovuta pakati pa akuluakulu a France ndi Germany, kampaniyo imakakamizika kuchita zochitika zachinsinsi. 1948 - subcompact chitsanzo ndi mphamvu yaing'ono (okha 12 akavalo) 2CV likupezeka pa Paris Njinga Show, amene amakhala bestseller weniweni, ndipo amapangidwa mpaka 1990. Makina ang'onoang'ono sanali achuma okha, komanso odalirika modabwitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, woyendetsa galimoto yemwe amapeza ndalama zambiri amatha kugula galimoto yotere mwaufulu. Pomwe opanga padziko lonse lapansi akuyesera kukopa chidwi cha omvera ndi magalimoto amasewera wamba, Citroen imasonkhanitsa oyendetsa magalimoto mozungulira. 1955 - chiyambi cha kupanga mtundu odziwika bwino, amene anaonekera motsogozedwa ndi kampani. Mtundu woyamba wagawo lomwe langopangidwa kumene ndi DS. Zolemba zaukadaulo zamitundu iyi zidawonetsa nambala 19, 23, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa gawo lamagetsi lomwe limayikidwa mgalimoto. Chodziwika bwino chagalimoto ndi mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino komanso chilolezo choyambira pansi (werengani zomwe zili pano). Chitsanzo kwa nthawi yoyamba analandira mabuleki chimbale, hayidiroliki mpweya kuyimitsidwa, amene akhoza kusintha kukwera kutalika. Akatswiri a maganizo a Mercedes-Benz anali ndi chidwi ndi lingaliro ili, koma chinyengo sichinaloledwe, kotero kuti chitukuko cha kuyimitsidwa kosiyana, chomwe chimasintha kutalika kwa galimoto chinachitika kwa zaka pafupifupi 15. Mu galimoto 68 analandira chitukuko china - magalasi swivel wa Optics kutsogolo. Kupambana kwachitsanzo kumakhalanso chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphepo yamkuntho, yomwe inalola kupanga mawonekedwe a thupi ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a aerodynamic. 1968 - Pambuyo pa ndalama zingapo zomwe sizinachite bwino, kampaniyo idagula Maserati odziwika bwino opanga magalimoto. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupange galimoto yamphamvu kwambiri kuti mukope ogula ambiri. 1970 - Mtundu wa SM umapangidwa pamaziko a imodzi mwamagalimoto amasewera omwe adapeza. Anagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yokhala ndi malita 2,7 ndi mphamvu ya 170 ndiyamphamvu. Makina owongolera atatha kutembenuka paokha amasuntha mawilo ozungulira kuti akhale owongoka. Komanso, galimoto analandira kale kudziwika hydropneumatic kuyimitsidwa. 1970 - Kupanga kwachitsanzo komwe kudathetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa subcompact 2CV yam'mizinda ndi DS yokongola komanso yotsika mtengo. Galimoto iyi ya GS idasunthira kampaniyo pamalo achiwiri pambuyo pa Peugeot pakati pa opanga magalimoto aku France. 1975-1976gg. mtunduwo umasokonekeranso, ngakhale mabungwe angapo akugulitsidwa, kuphatikiza gawo la magalimoto a Berliet ndi mitundu yamasewera a Maserati. 1976 - Gulu la PSA Peugeot-Citroen linapangidwa, lomwe limapanga magalimoto angapo olimba. Zina mwa izo ndi Peugeot 104, GS, Dyane, homologation zosiyana 2CV, CX. Komabe, abwenziwo alibe chidwi ndikupititsa patsogolo gawo la Citroen, chifukwa chake amafuna kubwezeretsanso. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, kayendetsedwe ka magawowa akudutsa nthawi ina yomvetsa chisoni, pamene magalimoto onse amachokera ku nsanja za Peugeot. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90, Citroen sanali wosiyana ndi zitsanzo za anzake. 1990 - chizindikirocho chimakulitsa malo ake ogulitsa, kukopa ogula ochokera ku United States, mayiko omwe adatchedwa Soviet, Eastern Europe ndi China. 1992 - kuwonetsera kwa mtundu wa Xantia, komwe kumasintha kupititsa patsogolo kapangidwe ka magalimoto onse pamakampani. 1994 - Kutuluka koyamba kwa minivan. 1996 - oyendetsa galimoto amalandira galimoto yothandiza ya Berlingo. 1997 - banja lachitsanzo la Xsara likuwoneka, lomwe linakhala lotchuka kwambiri. 2000 - The C5 sedan debuts, mwina adapangidwa m'malo mwa Xantia. Kuyambira ndi "nthawi" ya zitsanzo S. Dziko la oyendetsa galimoto limapeza C8 minivan, C4 ndi C2 hatchback cars, C1 urban and C6 luxury sedan. 2002 mtundu wina wotchuka wa C3 ukuwonekera. Masiku ano, kampaniyo ikupitirizabe kuyesetsa kuti anthu azilemekeza padziko lonse lapansi popanga ma crossovers, magalimoto osakanizidwa ndi ma homolog omwe amadziwika kale. Mu 2010, lingaliro la chitsanzo chamagetsi cha Survolt linaperekedwa. Pomaliza, tikupereka ndemanga yachidule ya galimoto yodziwika bwino ya DS m'zaka za m'ma 50: Mafunso ndi Mayankho: Kodi galimoto ya Citroen imapangidwa kuti? Poyamba, mitundu ya Citroen idasonkhanitsidwa ku France, kenako m'mafakitale odziwika bwino ku Spain: m'mizinda ya Vigo, Onet-sous-Bois ndi Ren-la-Jane. Tsopano magalimoto amasonkhanitsidwa ku mafakitale a PSA Peugeot Citroen. gulu. Kodi mtundu wa Citroen ndi chiyani? Mndandanda wa mitundu yamtundu umaphatikizapo: DS (1955), 2 CV (1963), Acadiane (1987), AMI (1977), BX (1982), CX (1984), AX (1986), Berlingo (2015), C1- C5, Jumper, etc. Ndani adagula Citroen? Kuyambira 1991, wakhala mbali ya gulu la PSA Peugeot Citroen. Mu 2021, gululi lidathetsedwa chifukwa chophatikiza magulu a PSA ndi Fiat Chrysler (FCA).

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