Adaway0 (1)
Magalimoto,  nkhani,  Chipangizo chagalimoto

Kodi chisiki ndi chiyani, chimagwirira ntchito bwanji ndipo chimagwirira ntchito yanji

Car chassis

Zatsopanozi zidamangidwa pa chisiki cha mtundu wapitawo ndipo zidalandira zosintha zambiri zaukadaulo ndi zowoneka. Umu ndi momwe ndemanga zamagalimoto ambiri am'badwo wotsatira zimayambira. Kodi chassis ndi chiyani chomwe mitundu yotsatirayi imapangidwa? Tiyeni tithetse nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane.

Kodi chassis ndi chiyani

Magalimoto onse amakhala ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zitatu:

  • Power Point;
  • thupi;
  • galimotoyo.

Chassis si gawo lapadera pagalimoto. Nthawi zina mawuwa amatanthauza kapangidwe kothandizira makina.

M'malo mwake, chassis ndi njira zomwe zimayenderana ndi mawilo ndi zothandizira zagalimoto. Ichi ndi gawo lomwe limaphatikiza chiwongolero chagalimoto, kufala kwake, kutsika kwamitengo ndi chassis. Machitidwe onsewa amagwirizanitsidwa palimodzi, ndipo ntchito yawo imagwirizanitsidwa kotero kuti galimoto yonse imatha kuyenda. Chassis imaphatikizansopo chimango kuphatikiza ma powertrains - injini, kufala ndi kuyimitsidwa. Pamwamba pake pali thupi lomwe limapatsa galimotoyo mawonekedwe omaliza. 

Adaway2 (1)

Galimoto ya galimotoyo imatanthauzanso magulu ndi misonkhano ikuluikulu momwe kuyenda ndi kuyendetsa kwa galimoto kumadalira. Muzolemba zamatekinoloje agalimoto, ali ndi chodetsa, chomwe chikufanana ndi nambala ya thupi (ndi chiyani nambala ya chassis).

Zigawo zazikulu za galimotoyo ndi suspensions awiri - kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, komanso mawilo. Kuyimitsidwa kumafunika kufewetsa kapena kuthetsa kugwedezeka poyendetsa, chifukwa chake galimotoyo imagonjetsa bwino mabampu onse pamsewu.

Momwe imagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe imagwirira ntchito

Ma unit onse oyenera kuyenda amayikika pamunsi pagalimoto m'njira yoti mphamvu yoyenda imafalikira kuchokera ku injini kupita kuma gudumu oyendetsa. Umu ndi momwe ntchito yamagulu onse imagwirizanitsidwira:

  • Subframe yayikidwa galimoto... Kuchokera pa iyo, makokedwewo amapatsira kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kwa axle (pankhani ya magudumu onse kapena magudumu oyenda kumbuyo). Zotsatira zake, mawilo amayamba kutembenuka ndipo makinawo amapita patsogolo kapena kubwerera kumbuyo.
Injini (1)
  • Kuwongolera kumalumikizidwa ndi galimoto kuti isinthe kolowera. Mawilo oyendetsa anali kuyendetsa galimoto, ndipo mawilo oyendetsa analiyang'ana komwe ikuyenda. Pali zambiri pamfundozi zomwe zimayendetsa bwino mukamakwera.
Adaway1 (1)
  • Kusintha liwiro lagalimoto, bokosi lamagiya limayikidwa pakati pa magetsi ndi mawilo oyendetsa. Iye akhoza kukhala makina kapena zodziwikiratu. Msonkhanowu, makokedwe amakula pogwiritsa ntchito magiya, omwe amathandizira katundu wambiri pa injini.
Bokosi (1)
  • Zimanjenjemera poyendetsa galimoto m'misewu yosiyanasiyana. Kugwedeza ndi kugwedera kumapangitsa kuti zida zoyendetsera ndi chiwongolero zilephereke. Pofuna kulipirira katunduyu, ma levers ndi ma absorbers amakanika amakanika ndi subframe.
Popanda (1)

Monga mukuwonera, galimotoyo chimakupatsani mwayi wokhazikitsira dongosolo lonse, kusintha njira yake ndikuthandizira kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika mukamayendetsa. Chifukwa cha izi, mphamvu zopangidwa ndi injini yoyaka mkati zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa bwino anthu komanso katundu wambiri.

chipangizo

Choncho, pansi pa galimotoyo kumatanthauza kuphatikizika kwa gawo lothandizira ndi zigawo zina zofunika zomwe zimalola galimoto kuyenda palokha. Mitundu yonse ya zomangamanga ili m'magulu awiri.

Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo magalimoto onse okhala ndi chimango. Pankhaniyi, trolley ya galimoto imakhala ndi chimango chomwe mayunitsi onse, njira ndi zomangamanga zimamangiriridwa. Magalimoto amenewa ndi olemera komanso olimba kwambiri. Kwenikweni, mapangidwe otere amapezeka m'magalimoto ndi ma SUV odzaza.

Nthambi (1)

Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo mtundu wa galimotoyo, yomwe nthawi yomweyo imakhala gawo la thupi la galimoto. Thupi lonyamula katundu silili lolimba monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chimango chonse, koma ndi lopepuka kwambiri, lomwe ndilofunika kwambiri kwa magalimoto okwera. Pokhapokha pakusinthidwa kotere kwa chassis ndikotheka kupanga ma supercars opepuka kwambiri zotheka.

Akatswiri opanga magalimoto osiyanasiyana amapanga mapangidwe awo a matupi onyamula katundu, omwe amasiyana mosiyana ndi mapangidwe, komanso amapangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zosiyanasiyana.

Nayi kanema wachidule wowonetsa kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito zida zopepuka zamagalimoto amakono pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za Mazda monga chitsanzo:

Mazda. Thupi ndi chisisi.

Zinthu zomanga

Popeza chirichonse chimakhazikika pa galimotoyo, gawo ili la galimoto liyenera kukhala lolimba monga momwe lingathere, ndipo zinthu zake ziyenera kupirira katundu wosiyana, mosasamala kanthu za ntchito.

Chassis yamakono yamagalimoto imakhala ndi magawo ndi mapangidwe awa:

Zinthu zonsezi zimakhazikika pa chimango komanso pagawo lothandizira la thupi.

Machitidwe

Pankhani ya galimoto yonyamula anthu, chassis ya galimotoyi ili ndi ntchito zotsatirazi:

Nesushij_Kuzov (1)

Chassis iliyonse idapangidwa kuti ikhale yosiyana m'misewu kotero kuti galimotoyo imatha kupirira zolemetsa pothana ndi zopinga. Ngati katunduyo ndi wovuta, gawo lonyamula katundu la galimoto lidzawonongeka, zomwe zidzakhudza machitidwe osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu za thupi (mwachitsanzo, zitseko zidzasiya kutseka).

Pendant

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za chassis. Kukhazikika kwagalimoto mukamakwera pamakona kumadalira mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a gawo ili. Komanso, kuyimitsidwa kumapangidwa poganizira zofunikira za chitetezo malinga ndi zosowa za woyendetsa galimoto zamakono ponena za chitonthozo.

Chiyambireni kulengedwa kwa galimoto yoyamba, ndipo mpaka lero, kuyimitsidwa kwapangidwe kumasinthidwa mosalekeza, chifukwa chake pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yonse ya kuyimitsidwa mu dziko la galimoto. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mapangidwe onsewa ndi njira yokhazikitsira makina othandizira (mawilo) pa chitsulo chimodzi.

Kuyimitsidwa kodalira

Uwu ndi mtundu woyamba wa kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto. Pankhaniyi, mawilo a ekisi imodzi amalumikizana mwamphamvu wina ndi mnzake. Ubwino wa kuyimitsidwa koteroko umaphatikizapo kumamatira kwakukulu kwa mawilo pamsewu wamtunda. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pamene galimoto ikulowa mozungulira pamtunda wosalala. Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kolimba, gudumu lililonse limakhala lolunjika.

Kodi chisiki ndi chiyani, chimagwirira ntchito bwanji ndipo chimagwirira ntchito yanji

Ngati tilankhula za kuipa kwa mtundu uwu wa kuyimitsidwa, ndiye poyendetsa pa tokhala, mawilo olumikizidwa mwamphamvu samaonetsetsa kuti galimotoyo ikuyenda bwino (gudumu limodzi limadutsa pamphuno ndikusintha kutengera kwa chitsulo chonsecho). M'magalimoto amakono, kuyimitsidwa kodalira kodalira kwathunthu kwasiyidwa. M'malo mwake, kuyimitsidwa kwamtundu wa MacPherson kumayikidwa.

Kapangidwe kodalira kumayikidwa kokha pa ekisi yakumbuyo, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi gwero loyendetsa kapena loyendetsedwa. Ngati ndi chitsulo choyendetsa galimoto, ndiye kuti imayimiridwa ndi nsonga yakumbuyo, yomwe imapereka mgwirizano wolimba pakati pa mawilo onse awiri. Axle yoyendetsedwa imagwiritsa ntchito crossbeam kapena torsion bar.

Kuyimitsidwa pawokha

Pankhaniyi, mawilo wokwera pa ma axles si rigidly ogwirizana wina ndi mzake, choncho udindo wawo wachibale yopingasa sizimakhudza wina ndi mzake. Kuonetsetsa kuti kuyenda kwakukulu ndi msewu, chokhazikika chodutsa chimayikidwa pa kuyimitsidwa uku.

Kodi chisiki ndi chiyani, chimagwirira ntchito bwanji ndipo chimagwirira ntchito yanji

Kuyimitsidwa kwamtunduwu, ngakhale kuti kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, kumapereka chitonthozo chochulukirapo komanso kulemera kwake poyerekeza ndi kuyimitsidwa kodalira. Chifukwa cha izi, magalimoto amakono akukhala amphamvu komanso omasuka momwe angathere. Zoyipa zimaphatikizapo kufunikira kosintha nthawi zonse kuwongolera magudumu.

Kulemba

Monga tafotokozera kale, galimotoyo ndiyofunikira pazinthu izi:

  1. Onetsetsani kuyenda kwa galimotoyo posamutsa makokedwe kuchokera pagawo lamagetsi kupita pamagetsi ndikutumiza mawilo;
  2. Chepetsani katundu yemwe amabwera posunthira makina pazotumphuka. Chifukwa cha izi, injini kapena zinthu zina zofunika kunyamula sizimavutikira;
  3. Fotokozerani za mayendedwe owongoka, kuyendetsa, kuthamangitsa kapena kuchepetsa, komanso kuyimitsa kwathunthu ndikuimitsa magalimoto onse pagalimoto.

Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto omwe amayendetsedwa pansi, mitundu iyi ya chisiki ndiyodziwika:

Kodi chisiki ndi chiyani, chimagwirira ntchito bwanji ndipo chimagwirira ntchito yanji

Mitundu yonseyi ya chassis imagawidwanso m'magulu otsatirawa:

Ngolo yamalonda

Njira zingapo zamagalimoto apangidwira magalimoto. Ngolo yotere nthawi zonse imakhazikitsidwa ndi chimango. Kutengera mtunduwo, galimotoyo itha kuyimilidwa ndi njanji kapena mawilo. Zosankha kuphatikiza sizodziwika kwenikweni: gawo loyendetsa ndi magudumu, ndipo gawo lotsogolera ndi mbozi.

Kutengera cholinga cha galimotoyo, chassis chake chitha kukhazikitsidwa thupi, thandala, thanki, chowongolera, chosakanizira konkriti, mchikuta ndi zina zotero. Galimoto yamagalimoto imagawidwa malinga ndi:

Ngakhale kuti magalimoto ambiri amachokera pachimake, palinso mitundu yokhala ndi thupi lokongola. Koma galimoto yamtunduwu siyothandiza kwenikweni kunyamula katundu wabwino.

Mwachitsanzo, nachiwonetsero mwachidule cha magalimoto anayi a axle a Kenworth W900, omwe amachokera pa chimango chassis:

Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka galimotoyo yamagalimoto

Chiyambireni kuyambitsa kwa magalimoto oyambira pagalimoto, a bogie apitilizabe kusintha kwamakono. M'magalimoto oyambilira, choyambirira chidawunikira kuyatsa kapangidwe kake, kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yocheperako itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma nthawi yomweyo mphamvu ya mayendedwe sinatayike.

Mawilo oyamba anali opangidwa ndi matabwa. Kuti ziwunikire, mabowo amapangidwa. Popeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa analogue yachitsulo, idangoyambitsidwa mgalimoto. Pamene liwiro lomwe magalimoto amatha kufikira limakulirakulira, amafunikira kuyimitsidwa bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, mainjiniya adayamba kupanga makina okhazikika komanso odalirika. Ndipo kuweruza kuti matekinoloje atsopano amawonekera (mwachitsanzo, ma absorbers amagetsi omwe afotokozedwa apa), ntchito yokonza chassis siyimilira.

Kutengera mtundu wa bogie, itha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopepuka, mwachitsanzo, thupi lophatikizika, koma pazifukwa zachitetezo, onse opanga magalimoto sanathamangire kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zida zazitsulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina, monga zopanga kapena zopangira nano, kukakhala koyenera pankhani zachuma (masiku ano magalimoto oterewa ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri kwa wogula wamba), zikuwoneka kuti opanga ma automaker pang'onopang'ono amasintha mizere yopanga kuti apange chassis yamtunduwu.

Zovuta za chisisi

Ngati phokoso losazolowereka lizindikirika pamene mukusuntha kuchoka ku giya lina kupita ku lina, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kusagwira ntchito kwa galimotoyo. Limodzi mwa mavuto ambiri ndi pamene galimotoyo imatsogolera mbali, kumanja kapena kumanzere.

Izi zimachitika pazifukwa zingapo:

  • masamu a mawilo akutsogolo asweka,
  • kuthamanga kwa tayala,
  • zopunduka zopunduka,
  • kusiyana kwakukulu mu kuvala matayala,
  • kuphwanya kufanana pakati pa ma axles kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo axles.

Mavutowa angayambitse kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zowonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akasupe osweka kapena kuwonongeka kwina kwa kuyimitsidwa. Ngati akukayikira kuti chassis yawonongeka, dalaivala ayeneranso kusamala ngati pali kudontha kulikonse kwa chassis. N'zotheka kuti midadada yopanda phokoso imamasulidwa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa ma diski ndi kusalinganika kwa mawilo akutsogolo. Creak pamene braking ndi chizindikiro cha kusagwira ntchito kwa shock absorber, stabilizer kapena mbali za zinthu zothandizira. Ngati chimodzi mwazizindikirozi chikuwoneka, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo ndikulumikizana ndi oyendetsa galimoto.

Kodi chisiki ndi chiyani, chimagwirira ntchito bwanji ndipo chimagwirira ntchito yanji

Komanso mutha kudziwa kuti ndi chiyani NAMBALA YA CHASSIS: I KUMALI KOMWE NDIPO IZIZITHANDIZA CHIYANI?

Ubwino ndi zovuta zamagalimoto oyenda pansi

Poganizira kuti mainjiniya padziko lonse lapansi akhala akugwira ntchito yosintha galimotoyo kwa zaka zopitilira zana, zoyendera zamakono zikuwonetsa kukhazikika, kudalirika, chitetezo ndi chitonthozo. Chifukwa cha izi, mayunitsi onse ndi makina oikidwa mgalimoto kapena njinga yamoto samavutika ndi kugwedezeka kapena kunjenjemera kwachilengedwe. Moyo wogwira ntchito wa mayunitsi awa wawonjezeka, womwe umathandizira pakuwunika kwathunthu kwa zinthu zamakono za opanga makina.

Komanso, chassis, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito malo ngati fulcrum, osati mpweya kapena madzi, imalola kunyamula katundu wambiri pamtunda woyenera, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa (poyerekeza ndi mpweya kapena mayendedwe amadzi, omwe amatha kunyamula katundu wofanana).

Ngakhale kuti magalimoto amakono adakhazikitsidwa ndi zotchingira zomwe zimakwaniritsa chitetezo, chisisi cha magalimoto apansi chili ndi zovuta zake. Zachidziwikire, zolakwika zambiri zamagalimoto akale zimakonzedwa ndikuyika zida zatsopano, zolimba. Koma vuto lalikulu pazosintha zonse za chassis ndikuti magalimoto otere amangoyenda pamtunda.

Kupatula magalimoto amphibious, koma ukadaulo uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mgalimoto zapadera, kenako pokhapokha m'malo opapatiza (mwachitsanzo, galimoto zamtunda sizothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo akumatauni). Zoyendetsa wamba sizingadzitamandire za kusinthasintha, chitonthozo ndi magwiridwe antchito omwewo, pamtunda komanso pamadzi, osatinso makina omwe amatha kuwuluka. Ngakhale, malinga ndi makampani opanga mafilimu, anthu athetsa vutoli posachedwa (sitima yapamadzi ija idawonekeranso ngati chipatso chopeka cha olemba zopeka zasayansi).

Kodi chisiki ndi chiyani, chimagwirira ntchito bwanji ndipo chimagwirira ntchito yanji

Kanema pa mutuwo

Pomaliza, timapereka nkhani yachidule ya kanema pazambiri zamagalimoto:

Kapangidwe kake kachassis

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi galimotoyo ndi chiyani? Pansi pa galimotoyo yamagalimoto, timatanthauza kapangidwe kamene kamakhala ndi chimango (m'malo mwake, magalimoto ambiri onyamula anthu amagwiritsa ntchito gawo lonyamula thupi), mayunitsi opatsirana, zinthu za chassis, kuyimitsidwa, komanso njira zowongolera ( chiwongolero). Chassis chimango chitha kuonedwa kuti ndi chokwanira, chifukwa chimatha kuyenda momasuka panjira kapena mawilo.

Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu chisiki cha galimoto. Kupanga kwa chassis kumakhala ndi chimango kapena gawo lothandizira la thupi, chiwongolero (ndodo, chikombole), ma wheel axles, matabwa okhala ndi levers, mawilo okha, shafts shaft, shaft shaft, gearbox, zinthu zoyimitsidwa.

Ndemanga imodzi

  • osadziwika

    Iwo alibe ufulu kulimbikitsa gulu ha kutumiza! Ndi basi. Public Service! Osatinso. Iwo ndi ndani? Iwo. Onse amavomereza? Ayi? Inde, koma ndani? Monga tikuonera, mafutawa amawerengedwanso. Bungwe la Fatek likutsutsana kwambiri ndi kuphedwa kwa ogwira ntchito. Ndiye tingakhale bwanji popanda kuwombera? Sizingatheke. Zokambirana ndi zokambirana ndipo chipangizocho chimakhala ndi tchipisi zingapo. Choncho phantasmagoria singalepheretse Fatka kugwidwa. Akasupe apa alibe chochita ndi mizati. Ndi galimoto yanji ya Andromeda Nebula iyi? Awa ndi mabuku. Gululo limayima pa Deeva. Kodi wogwira ntchito kuthyolako angadziwe bwanji zomwe setiyi imachita? . Sizingatheke. Kodi munthu wokonda mankhwala osokoneza bongo angadziwe bwanji chipangizo choterocho? Sizingatheke. Ndiye? Ndipo kuphimba mabowo ndi chitsulo mauna. Zili mufilimu yasayansi kapena kambuku akuwoneka kuti wagwa penapake. Kotero takhala tikukonzekera maenje kuyambira chilimwe. Kapena mumphindi zingapo? Ndiko kuti, mudaganiza, mutagwa, kuti popanda kudwala, zoyipa sizilipo? Gulani mandimu. Kukhitchini, zizindikiro za chakudya zimakhala ndi zotsukira pamzere poyamba. Kotero palibe chimene chimachitika kwa magulu ndipo iwo sanazindikire kalikonse. Sizingatheke. Moyo ndi wosavuta. Ndizosangalatsa? Ayi, tiyeni tigwire, koma imagwidwa. Pali thupi lokhazikitsidwa ndipo ndi momwe limagwirira. Amachedwetsa ndikugwidwa kumeneko. Chotero, pambuyo polankhula ndi azungu, gululo nthaŵi yomweyo linachita mwano. Za mitengo. Chilankhulo ndi chosiyana. Nthawi yomweyo mtengowo unayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Gerdinheta. Chingakhale chiyani? Choncho gulu la Esho lidagwira mawuwo. mwakachetechete. Fataka wagwidwa kuchokera mbali zonse. Iwo akugwetsa ndi kutera ndege chifukwa iwo anakazinga kawiri. Osati katatu. Kotero kachiwiri, monga pa asanu ndi awiri, gululo linataya kopelo. Ndipo iwo ndi ofowoka ndipo ngakhale ofooka. Masiku ano mlanduwu ndi pafupifupi 4 5 6 7 ndi 8 mizati. Kodi Fatka m'zipilala angataye kope? Kusuta. Choncho kope lachiwiri la mizati. Kufika pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Belarus, palibe amene anamvetsa chilichonse, kuyambira pomwe, nchifukwa chiyani gululo linalinso ndi malingaliro? Kodi zimenezo zingatanthauze chiyani? Kodi mwamveka bwino? Ndalamayi inabwera moopsa pafupi ndi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira pa lyops komanso mwaulemu kupita ku oyeretsa khitchini ndi ophunzira. Gawo limodzi ayi. Ndiye chirichonse chiri chophweka. Pickle. Khwerero 4. Choncho Fatka mu mizati kuti Fatka popanda mizati utsi. Ichi ndi chiyani? Wokondedwa miphika. Sitimayi imapita kwa anzanu. Ndiye iyi ndi adilesi koma. Bak mu Fatka monga mizati yodutsa pa liwiro la kusonkhanitsa lamulo ndi 624 makope. Choncho munthu wonyamula katunduyo adaponya mabuku a fatki ndi iye pakati. Mukumvetsa kuti zidzakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri m'mphepete kapena chirichonse chiri chimodzimodzi XNUMX zikwi zapitazo, osati ambiri. Osati ambiri. Nthawi yotaya ndi nthawi yolekanitsa osati kuwombera. Salinso wamba za apolisi. Izi siukadaulo wathu.

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