Kodi makokedwe ndi chiyani ndipo ndichifukwa chiyani torque ndiyofunika kwambiri kuposa mphamvu ya akavalo?

Pakati pa oyendetsa magalimoto, kuyerekezera kosalekeza kumapangidwa, komwe injini yake ndiyabwino. Ndipo chinthu choyamba chomwe chimakopa chidwi ndi mphamvu ya akavalo. Momwe amawerengedwera ndi osiyana review.

Chotsatira china chomwe kuyerekezera kumapangidwa ndi "kususuka" kwagalimoto, momwe imathamangira mwachangu, komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Koma ndi anthu ochepa omwe samvera makokedwewo. Ndipo pachabe. Chifukwa chiyani? Tiyeni tiwone.

Torque ndi chiyani?

Makokedwe amatanthauza kutengera kwamgalimoto. Chizindikiro ichi chimatha kudziwa zoposa mphamvu ya akavalo. Pali magawo awiri a makokedwe:

• Pa mawilo a galimoto - mphamvu yomwe imayendetsa galimoto;
• Mu injini - mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera pamafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya kupita ku pisitoni, ndikuchokeramo kudzera mu ndodo yolumikizira ku crankhaft crank. Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa zomwe mphamvu yamagetsi ili nayo.

Makokedwe omwe amayendetsa mawilo sali ofanana ndi makokedwe opangidwa mu injini. Kotero, gawo ili limakhudzidwa osati kokha chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwa pisitoni mu silinda, komanso ndi liwiro la kusinthasintha kwa crankshaft, chiŵerengero cha magalasi pofalitsa, kukula kwa zida zazikulu, kukula kwa mawilo, ndi zina zotero.

Mphamvu yamainjini, yomwe imawonetsedwa m'mabuku aukadaulo amtundu uliwonse, ndiye kufunika kwa mphindi yomwe imaperekedwera pamawilo. Pomwe makokosi amayesetsa kugwiritsira ntchito lever (crankshaft crank).

Makokedwe a injini amayesedwa mu Newton metres ndipo akuwonetsa mphamvu ya kusinthasintha kwa crankshaft. Chipangizochi chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwakukaniza kwakusintha kwa crankshaft komwe gulu lidzathe kuthana nalo.

Mwachitsanzo, galimoto itha kukhala yamphamvu (mphamvu yamagudumu oyenda), koma chiwerengerochi chingapezeke pa rpm yayikulu, popeza mphamvu yomwe imagwira cranksyo ndi yaying'ono. Kuti galimoto yokhala ndi injini yotere izitha kunyamula katundu kapena kukoka ngolo yolemera, dalaivala ayenera kubweretsa injiniyo kumtunda wapamwamba. Koma ikamathamangitsidwa, galimoto yothamanga kwambiri imathandiza.

Komabe, pali magalimoto, omwe kufalitsa kwake sikukuwalola kuti ayende mothamanga kwambiri, koma cholinga chawo chili ndi chizindikiritso chokwanira kale pamayendedwe otsika. Njinga zoterezi zidzaikidwa mgalimoto ndi ma SUV athunthu.

Pa liwiro lotsika, tinene kuti, panjira, dalaivala sangadandaule kuti galimoto yake izima ngati sangatembenukire injini ku rpm pazida zoyambirira. Kusamutsidwa kwa injini sikukhudza nthawi zonse makokedwe. Tiyeni tiwone chitsanzo chaching'ono. Tiyeni tiyerekezere magwiridwe antchito a injini ziwiri ndi kusuntha komweko:

Mtundu wa injini -	BMW 535i	Bmw 530d
Voliyumu:	3,0 l.	3,0 l.
Zolemba malire mphamvu pa crankshaft rpm:	306 hp zimatheka mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 5,8-6,0 zikwi rpm.	258 p. ilipo kale pa 4 zikwi
Malire a makokedwe	Zamgululi pakati pa 400-1200 rpm.	560Nm. Pakati pa 1500 ndi 3000 rpm.

Chifukwa chake, kuyeza zizindikirozi kumathandiza woyendetsa galimoto kusankha ngati akuyenera kuyika magetsi mgalimoto yake, kutengera momwe zinthu zikuyendera. Mtundu wa 535i udzafulumira, chifukwa chake panjinga, galimoto yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zotere imatha kuthamanga kwambiri kuposa 530d. Ziribe kanthu momwe dalaivala amapota ndi galimoto yachiwiri, kuthamanga kwake sikudzakhala kocheperako kuposa analog yoyamba.

Komabe, panjira, mukamayendetsa galimoto, kunyamula katundu, katundu kuchokera kulemera kowonjezera kapena kukana kasinthasintha wa crankshaft kukakamiza mwini ICE woyamba kuti awonjezere kusintha kwa crankshaft. Ngati unit ikugwira ntchito motere kwanthawi yayitali, ipitilira kutentha kwambiri.

Chizindikiro china chomwe chimadalira kuchuluka kwa makokedwe ndikutanuka kwa mota. Kukwezera kumeneku kumakhala kosavuta, chipangizocho chidzagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo panthawi yofulumizitsa sichikhala ndi ma jerks, popeza alumali la torque ndilotsika kwambiri. Pamene, mu analogue ndi injini yocheperako, dalaivala azungulire crankshaft, amafunika kusunga zingapo kuti zisinthe. Chizindikirocho chikuyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi makokedwe akamagwiritsa ntchito zida zotsatirazi. Kupanda kutero, padzakhala kutayika kwachangu.

Chifukwa chiyani galimoto imafunikira makokedwe

Chifukwa chake, tidazindikira matchulidwe ndi kufananiza. Makokedwe apamwamba ndiofunikira kwambiri pagalimoto zamalonda chifukwa nthawi zambiri amayenera kunyamula katundu wolemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kulimbana kwina ndi kupindika kwa crankshaft.

Komabe, poyenda mopepuka, chizindikiro ichi sichofunikanso. Nachi chitsanzo chimodzi. Galimotoyo yayimikidwa pamaloboti. Makina ake ndi ofooka - pafupifupi makokedwe a injini yoyaka mkati amapezeka pokhapokha pa kusintha kwa 3-4. Galimoto imayimirira kutsika pa handbrake. Pofuna kuti galimoto isayime, dalaivala amafunika kupotokola injini pang'ono kuposa ngati ili mumsewu wopyapyala. Kenako amatulutsa zowalamulira nthawi yomweyo ndipo nthawi yomweyo adabowola dzanja.

Galimotoyo idayima chifukwa woyendetsa galimotoyo anali asanazolowere mawonekedwe amgalimoto yake. Koma nthawi zambiri, madalaivala amalimbana ndi izi - amangoyendetsa injini yoyaka mkati mwamphamvu kwambiri. Ndipo chingachitike ndi chiyani kwa mota ngati pali ma slide ambiri okhala ndi magetsi amu mzinda? Ndiye kutenthedwa kumatsimikizika.

Mwachidule:

• Zolemba malire makokedwe pa rpm osachepera - luso makina kuyamba mosavuta, kunyamula katundu, koma liwiro pazipita adzavutika. Izi zikunenedwa, mphamvu zamagudumu sizingakhale zofunikira kwenikweni. Tenga Mwachitsanzo, VAZ 2108 ndi mphamvu zake 54 ndi thalakitala ya T25 (ya akavalo 25). Ngakhale mtundu wachiwiri wamayendedwe uli ndi mphamvu zochepa, simungathe kukoka khasu pa Lada;
• Alumali ya torque pakatikati ndi pamtunda rpm - kuthekera kwagalimoto kuyendetsa mwachangu ndikukhala ndi liwiro lalitali kwambiri.

Udindo wa mphamvu mu torque

Musaganize kuti makokedwewa ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Izi zimatengera zomwe woyendetsa amayembekezera kuchokera ku kavalo wake wachitsulo. Zizindikirozi zithandizira yemwe adzagwiritse ntchito galimoto mtsogolo kudziwa momwe galimotoyo idzakhalire munjira zosiyanasiyana.

Mwachidule, mphamvu imasonyeza momwe galimoto imagwirira ntchito bwino, ndipo torque idzakhala zotsatira za ntchitoyi.

Tiyeni tiyerekezere galimoto yothamanga ndi galimoto yonyamula. Kwa galimoto yamasewera, chizindikiritso champhamvu ndikofunikira - momwe makokedwe amathandizira ndi gearbox. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu (kuyendetsa magudumu), galimotoyi izitha kuthamanga mwachangu ndikufulumira msanga kwambiri. Poterepa, ma mota amatha kupota mwamphamvu kwambiri - mpaka 8 zikwi kapena kupitilira apo.

Galimoto yonyamula, m'malo mwake, siyifunikira kuthamanga kwambiri, chifukwa chake bokosi lamagalimoto limapangidwa kuti makokedwe a injini agawike kukulitsa mawonekedwe amakoka.

Kodi mungakwere bwanji?

Ntchitoyi siyingachitike popanda kulowererapo pakupanga gawo lamagetsi. Komabe, pali njira zotsika mtengo komanso zowonera. Pachiyambi, kuwonjezeka kwa chizindikirocho kudzawoneka. Komabe, kuchotsera izi ndikuti nthawi yogwira ntchito ya injini imachepa kwambiri. Kukonzanso komwe kumakakamizidwa kudzawononganso ndalama zambiri, "kususuka" kwake kudzawonjezeka.

Nayi njira zosinthira zotsika mtengo zamagalimoto wamba:

• Kukhazikitsa kwa makina opanga injini mwachilengedwe. Itha kukhala chopangira mphamvu kapena kompresa. Ndikulimbikitsaku, mphamvu ndi makokedwe amakula. Ntchitoyi idzafunika ndalama zabwino zogulira zida zowonjezera, kulipira ntchito ya akatswiri (ngati mwini galimotoyo ali mdima potengera chida chamakina ndi ntchito yawo, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuyika njirayi kwa akatswiri);
• Kuyika mtundu wina wa injini. Musanaganize zakapangidwe kamakono ka galimoto yanu, muyenera kuwerengera zambiri kuti musankhe mayunitsi oyenera galimoto inayake. Kawirikawiri, kuwonjezera pa kukhazikitsa galimoto yatsopano, zidzakhala zofunikira kusintha malo a zida zowonjezera. Ngati makina amagetsi amayang'aniridwa ndi gawo loyang'anira, ndiye kuti amafunikanso kusinthidwa ndikusinthidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito zida zomwe zilipo. Ndipo ichi ndi nsonga chabe ya madzi oundana;
• Kukakamiza mota. Kuwunikaku kumakupatsani mwayi wosintha kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka magetsi. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuwonjezera voliyumu yake, ikani camshaft ina ndi crankshaft, ma pistoni osiyanasiyana ndi ndodo zolumikizira. Izi zimangotengera kuchuluka kwa zomwe eni galimoto ali okonzeka kulipira pantchito ya amisili. Monga momwe zidalili m'mbuyomu, musanakweze, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kuwerengera magawo omwe akuyembekezeredwa komanso ngati kukhazikitsa zinthu zina kungathetse vutoli.

Ngati sizingatheke kupereka ndalama zambiri pokonzekera ndikukonzekera, koma pali chosowa chachikulu chowonjezera makokedwe, ndiye kuti pali njira zotsika mtengo.

Mwachitsanzo, mwini galimoto atha kusintha izi:

• Kukonzekera kwa Chip. Pazomwe zili komanso momwe kusinthaku kuli ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa, anauzidwa mosiyana... Mwachidule, akatswiri amalowererapo pulogalamu yoyang'anira zinthu, amasintha makonda ake, kuphatikiza mafuta ndi liwiro la crankshaft;
• Kudya zamitundu yambiri wamakono. Pachifukwa ichi, dongosololi likhoza kusinthidwa ndi lina, labwino kwambiri, kapena fyuluta yokhala ndi zero kukana imayikidwa. Njira yoyamba imakulitsa mpweya womwe ukubwera, ndipo yachiwiri imachepetsa kulimbikira kwa gawo lotsatira. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kukonzanso koteroko kumafunikira chidziwitso chokwanira ndi kuwerengera. Kupanda kutero, mutha kuwononga injini yoyaka yonse palimodzi;
• Kusintha kwa dongosolo la utsi. Monga momwe zidalili kale, kudziwa bwino magwiridwe antchito a utsi kumafunikira. Mu galimoto yanthawi zonse, zinthu zimayikidwa zomwe zimalepheretsa kutulutsa kwaulere. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zachilengedwe, komanso kuchepetsa phokoso panthawi yogwirira ntchito, koma zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta "kutulutsa" mota. Ena ziziyenda, m'malo mwa dongosolo muyezo, phiri masewera analogue.

Kuti injini yoyaka yamkati igwiritse ntchito momwe zingapangire wopanga, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito zida zapamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo mwa makandulo wamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma analog abwino. Zambiri pazokhudza mitundu ndi mawonekedwe ake zafotokozedwa apa... Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwiritsira ntchito zapamwamba kumangopangitsa kuti injini zizigwira ntchito molingana ndi chitukuko cha wopanga.

Ndipo pamapeto pake, kanema wonena za mphamvu ndi makokedwe ndi:

Mphamvu kapena makokedwe - chofunikira kwambiri ndi chiyani?

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi makokedwe ndi chiyani? Ichi ndi mphamvu yomwe imagwira ntchito pa lever yomwe ili mbali ya mapangidwe a makina kapena unit. Mphamvu yokha imayesedwa mu Newtons, ndipo kukula kwake ndi mamita. Chizindikiro cha torque chimayesedwa mu Newton mita.

Kodi torque imapatsa chiyani? M'galimoto, ichi ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha injini, chomwe chimalola galimoto kuti ifulumire ndikuyenda mofulumira. Torque imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera liwiro la injini.

Kodi torque ndi mphamvu zimagwirizana bwanji? Mphamvu imatanthawuza mphamvu yomwe injini imatha kupereka. Torque ikuwonetsa momwe injiniyo imatha kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvuyi.

Kodi shaft torque ndi chiyani? Shaft torque imatanthawuza kuthamanga kozungulira kwa tsinde, ndiko kuti, mphamvu yomwe imagwira pamapewa kapena mkono, womwe ndi wautali mita imodzi.