Mefuta ea likhalase tsa makoloi, ho li tšoaea le ho khetholla
Tse ka hare
Ka 'nete mong le e mong oa koloi o hlokometse matšoao ka pele, lehlakoreng kapa lifensetereng tse ka morao tsa koloi. Letoto la mangolo, linomoro, le mabitso a mang a ka ho lona a na le tlhaiso-leseling e ngata bakeng sa moqhobi - ka ho hlakola mongolo ona o ka fumana leseli mabapi le mofuta oa khalase e sebelisitsoeng, letsatsi la ho etsoa ha eona, le ho fumana e hlahisitsoe ke mang le neng. Nako le nako, tlhoko ea ho tšoaea e hlaha maemong a mabeli - ha o tlosa khalase e senyehileng mme o ntse o reka koloi e sebelisitsoeng.
Haeba nakong ea tlhahlobo ho ile ha fumaneha hore khalase e le 'ngoe e nkile sebaka - mohlomong, sena se bakiloe ke ho apara kapa ho senyeha ha' mele, empa phetoho ea likhalase tse peli kapa ho feta e tla tiisa boteng ba kotsi e kholo nakong e fetileng.
Ho besa koloi ke eng
Ka nts'etsopele ea mahlale, lebelo la ho tsamaea ha makoloi le lona le eketsehile, ka hona, litlhoko tsa boleng ba pono le bokhoni ba ho bona sebaka se potileng koloi ha o ntse o khanna le tsona li eketsehile haholo.
Khalase ea likoloi ke karolo ea 'mele e etselitsoeng ho fana ka boemo bo hlokahalang ba ponahalo le ho etsa mosebetsi o sireletsang. Likhalase li sireletsa mokhanni le bapalami moeeng o fokang ka hlooho, lerÅle le mobu, pula le majoe a fofang ka tlas'a mabili a likoloi tse ling tse tsamaeang.
Litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa khalase ea likoloi ke:
- Tshireletso.
- Khotso.
- Ho tšepahala
- Bophelo bo lekaneng ba sehlahisoa.
Mefuta ea khalase ea koloi
Kajeno ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea khalase ea koloi:
- Triplex.
- Stalinite (khalase e bohale).
Li na le liphapang tse kholo ebile li na le litšobotsi tse fapaneng ka ho felletseng.
Triplex
Likhalase tsa motlakase tse hlahisitsoeng ka theknoloji ea triplex li na le mekhahlelo e mengata (hangata e le meraro kapa ho feta), e hokahantsoeng ke filimi e bonaletsang e entsoeng ka thepa ea polima e sebelisang mocheso o phahameng. Hangata, likhalase tse joalo li sebelisoa e le fenstere e kapele ea koloi (lifensetere tsa moea), 'me ka linako tse ling e le mahlakore kapa maqhubu (marulelo a panoramic).
Triplex e na le menyetla e 'maloa:
- E tšoarella haholo.
- Haeba kotlo e ne e le matla, le khalase e senyehile hampe, likhechana li ke ke tsa hasana hohle kahare koloing, li lematsa bakhanni le bapalami. Filimi ea polasetiki e sebetsang joalo ka sebapali e tla li ts'oara.
- Matla a khalase a tla emisa motho ea kenang - ho tla ba thata le ho feta ho kena fensetereng, ho roba khalase e joalo ea likoloi.
- Likhalase tse entsoeng ka theknoloji ea triplex li na le phokotso e phahameng ea lerata.
- E fokotsa mocheso o futhumatsang 'me e hanela litlamorao tsa mocheso.
- Bokhoni ba ho fetola mebala.
- Botsoalle ba tikoloho.
Likotsi tsa khalase e laminated li kenyelletsa:
- Theko e phahameng ea lihlahisoa.
- Boima bo boholo.
- Ho rarahana ha ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso.
Haeba khalase e tlotsitsoeng e robehile ha koloi e ntse e tsamaea, likhechana li ke ke tsa hasana ka phapusing e netefatsang polokeho e eketsehileng bakeng sa bapalami bohle le mokhanni oa koloi.
Botenya ba sephutheloana se joalo sa "triplex" bo fapana ho tloha ho 5 ho isa ho 7 mm. E matlafalitsoe hape - botenya ba eona bo fihla ho tloha ho 8 ho isa ho 17 mm.
Khalase e tiisitsoeng
Khalase e nang le mocheso e bitsoa stalinite, 'me, ka hona, e entsoe ka bohale. Mosebetsi o futhumetse mocheso oa likhato tse 350-680, ebe o pholile. Ka lebaka leo, khatello ea maikutlo e theha holim'a sehlahisoa, se khonang ho netefatsa matla a phahameng a khalase, hammoho le polokeho le mocheso oa sehlahisoa.
Mahlale ana a sebelisoa khafetsa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea koloi ea lehlakore le lifensetere tse ka morao.
Ha ho ka ba le tšusumetso e matla, khalase e joalo ea likoloi e thula likhechana tse ngata tse nang le metshetshe e hlabang. Ha ho khothaletsoe ho e beha sebakeng sa fenstere e kapele ea koloi, hobane haeba ho ka hlaha kotsi mokhanni le bapalami ba ntse ba ka lematsoa ke bona.
Letšoao la khalase ea likoloi ke eng?
Ho tšoaea ho sebelisoa lifensetereng tsa koloi k'honeng e ka tlase kapa e kaholimo mme ho na le lintlha tse latelang:
- Tlhahisoleseling mabapi le moetsi oa khalase kapa letshwao la kgwebo.
- Litekanyetso.
- Letsatsi leo e entsoeng ka lona.
- Mofuta oa khalase.
- Khoutu e patiloeng ea naha e faneng ka tumello ea molao.
- Likarolo tse ling (tlhaiso-leseling ka seaparo se khahlanong le ho benya, boteng ba mocheso oa motlakase, jj
Kajeno ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea matšoao a khalase ea koloi:
- Amerika. E entsoe ho latela maemo a FMVSS 205. Ho latela maemo ana a polokeho, likarolo tsohle tsa koloi tse tsoang moleng oa kopano li tlameha ho tšoauoa ka nepo.
- European. Tekanyetso e le 'ngoe ea polokeho e amohetsoe ke linaha tsohle tseo e leng litho tsa European Union, mme e sebetsa ho lifensetere tsohle tsa makoloi tse rekisoang naheng ea bona. Ho latela lipehelo tsa eona, lengolo E le tlameha ho ngoloa monogram.
Russia, ho latela GOST 5727-88, ho tšoaea ho kenyelletsa khoutu e nang le litlhaku le linomoro, tse nang le sebopeho se patiloeng tlhaiso-leseling eohle mabapi le mofuta oa sehlahisoa, mofuta oa khalase eo e entsoeng ka eona, botenya ba eona, hape e le maemo a ts'ebetso ea tekheniki.
Ho khetholla ho tšoaea khalase
Moetsi
Letšoao le bontšitsoeng ho tšoaea kapa lets'oao la khoebo le tla u thusa ho fumana hore na moetsi oa khalase ea likoloi ke mang. Ka nako e ts'oanang, logo e boletsoeng e kanna ea se be ea moetsi ka kotloloho - tlhaiso-leseling e boletsoeng e ka amana le k'hamphani eo e leng karolo ea konteraka ea tlhahiso ea khalase ea likoloi. Hape, ho tšoaea ho ka sebelisoa ka kotloloho ke moetsi oa likoloi.
Litekanyetso
Ho tšoaea ho boetse ho na le tlhaku "E" le palo e koetsoeng lesakaneng. Palo ena e supa khoutu ea naha ea naha eo karolo eo e netefalitsoeng ho eona. Naha ea tlhahiso le tlhahiso ea setifikeiti hangata e ea kopana, leha ho le joalo, ona ke boemo ba boikhethelo. Likhoutu tsa semmuso tsa linaha tse fanang ka setifikeiti:
khoutu | naha | khoutu | naha | khoutu | naha |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
E1 | Duitsland | E12 | Austria | E24 | Ireland |
E2 | France | E13 | Luxembourg | E25 | Croatia |
E3 | Italy | E14 | Switzerland | E26 | Slovenia |
E4 | Netherlands | E16 | Norway | E27 | Slovakia |
E5 | Sweden | E17 | Finland | E28 | Belarus |
E6 | Belgium | E18 | Denmark | E29 | Estonia |
E7 | Hungary | E19 | Romania | E31 | Bosnia le Herzegovina |
E8 | Czech Republic | E20 | Poland | E32 | Latvia |
E9 | Spain | E21 | Portugal | E37 | Turkey |
E10 | Serbia | E22 | Russia | E42 | Sechaba sa Europe |
E11 | Engelane | E23 | Greece | E43 | Japane |
Ho tšoaea DOT ho bolela khoutu ea feme ea moetsi oa khalase ea likoloi. Mohlala o fanoeng ke DOT-563 mme ke oa k'hamphani ea China ea SHENZHEN AUTOMOTIVE GLASS MANUFACTURING. Lenane le felletseng la linomoro tse ka bang teng le na le lintho tse fetang 700.
Mofuta oa khalase
Mofuta oa khalase e tšoaeang o bontšoa ke lipalo tsa Roma:
- Ke - fenstere e kapele ea koloi e tiileng;
- II - fenstere e kapele ea koloi e laminated;
- III - multilayer e sebetsitsoeng ka pele;
- IV - e entsoe ka polasetiki;
- V - ha ho na fenstere e kapele ea koloi, phepelo e bobebe e ka tlase ho 70%;
- VI - habeli-lera khalase, khanya transmittance tlase ho 70%.
Hape, ho tseba mofuta oa khalase e tšoaeang, ho bontšitsoe mantsoe a Laminated le Lamisafe, a sebelisetsoang khalase e laminated, le Tempered, Temperlite le Terlitw - haeba khalase e sebelisitsoeng e halefile.
Tlhaku "M" ho tšoaea e supa khoutu ea sesebelisoa se sebelisitsoeng. Ho eona u ka fumana leseli ka botenya ba sehlahisoa le 'mala oa sona.
Letsatsi la tlhahiso
Letsatsi la tlhahiso ea khalase le ka bonts'oa ka mekhoa e 'meli:
- Ka sekhechana se bontšang khoeli le selemo, ho etsa mohlala: 5/01, ke hore, Pherekhong 2005.
- Maemong a mang, ho tšoaea ho ka ba le linomoro tse 'maloa tse tla tlameha ho eketsoa molemong oa ho fumana letsatsi le khoeli ea tlhahiso. Pele ho tsohle, selemo se bonts'itsoe - ka mohlala, "09", ka hona, selemo sa tlhahiso ea likhalase ke 2009. Mohala o ka tlase o koala khoeli ea tlhahiso - mohlala, "12 8". Sena se bolela hore khalase e entsoe (1 + 2 + 8 = 11) ka Pulungoana. Mohala o latelang o supa letsatsi le tobileng la tlhahiso - mohlala, "10 1 2 4". Lipalo tsena li tla hloka ho eketsoa - 10 + 1 + 2 + 4 = 17, ke hore, letsatsi la tlhahiso ea likhalase e tla ba la 17 Pulungoana 2009.
Maemong a mang, ho ka sebelisoa matheba ho fapana le linomoro ho bontša selemo sa ho tšoaea.
Mabitso a mang
Matšoao a mang ka mokhoa oa li-pictograms tse tšoaeang a tla bolela tse latelang:
- Mongolo oa IR ka selikalikoe - khalase ea athermal, chameleon. Nakong ea tlhahiso ea eona, ho ile ha eketsoa lera la filimi, le nang le silevera, sepheo sa lona ke ho qhala le ho bonts'a matla a mocheso. Sekhahla sa ponahalo se fihla ho 70-75%.
- Letšoao la thermometer le litlhaku UU le motsu ke khalase ea athermal, e leng tšitiso ho radiation ea ultraviolet. Pictogram e ts'oanang, empa ntle le litlhaku UU, e sebelisoa khalase ea athermal e nang le seaparo se bonts'ang letsatsi.
- Hangata, mofuta o mong hape oa litšoantšo o sebelisoa likhalase tsa moea - seipone sa motho ea nang le motsu. Sena se tla bolela hore seaparo se ikhethileng se sebelisitsoe holim'a sehlahisoa ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho phatsima. Khalase e joalo ea makoloi e phutholohile kamoo ho ka khonehang bakeng sa mokhanni - e fokotsa liperesente tsa ponahatso ka lintlha tse 40 hang.
- Hape, ho tšoaea ho ka ba le litšoantšo ka mokhoa oa marotholi le metsu, ho bolelang ho ba teng ha lera le lelekisang metsi le letshwao la lenakana selikalikoeng - boteng ba lenakana le ahelletsoeng kahare.
Letšoao le khahlanong le bosholu
Ho tšoaea bosholu ho kenyelletsa ho kenya nomoro ea VIN ea koloi holim 'a koloi ka litsela tse' maloa:
- Ka mokhoa oa matheba.
- Ka botlalo.
- Ka ho hlakisa linomoro tse 'maloa tsa ho qetela tsa palo eo.
Ka motsoako o khethehileng o nang le acid, palo e ngotsoe ka khalase, liipone kapa mabone a koloi ebe o nka 'mala oa matte.
Letšoao lena le na le menyetla e 'maloa:
- Le ha koloi e joalo e ka utsuoa, ho tla ba thata haholo ho e rekisa hape menyetla ea hore e khutlele ho monga eona e tla eketseha.
- Ka ho tšoaea, o ka fumana kapele khalase, mabone kapa liipone tse utsoitsoeng ke batšosi.
- Ha ho sebelisoa matšoao a khahlanong le bosholu, lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa inshorense li fana ka theolelo ho maano a CASCO.
Bokhoni ba ho bala boitsebiso bo kentsoeng ka har'a letšoao le sebelisitsoeng khalase ea koloi bo ka ba molemo ho motho e mong le e mong ea chesehelang koloi ha ho hlokahala ho fetola khalase kapa ho reka koloi e sebelisitsoeng. Khoutu, e nang le litlhaku le linomoro, e na le lintlha tsa mofuta oa khalase, moetsi oa eona, likarolo le letsatsi la tlhahiso ea nnete.
Maikutlo a 2
Ahmet O
Kea leboha ka lintlha tse molemo, tse qaqileng le tse nepahetseng.
E sa tsejoe
e kgabane