Ke lisebelisoa life tse sebelisoang ho hlahisa litopo tsa likoloi?

Lisebelisoa tsa 'mele oa koloi li fapane ebile li sebelisetsoa ho fumana melemo, litšoaneleho kapa likarolo tseo e mong le e mong a fanang ka tsona. Ka hona, ho tloaelehile ho fumana likarolo, meaho kapa litopo tsa koloi tse kopanyang mefuta e fapaneng ea likarolo.

E le molao, mabaka a ka sehloohong a khethollang boteng ba lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng ha ho etsoa 'mele ke lipakane tsa ho finyella ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele le ho eketsa matla le polokeho ea pokello ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse bobebe empa li le matla.

Lisebelisoa tsa mantlha bakeng sa litopo tsa koloi

Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang haholo tlhahisong ea 'mele lilemong tse fetileng ke tse latelang:

•  Lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tšepe: tšepe le motsoako tšepe
• Aluminium alloys
• Li-alloys tsa Magnesiamo
• Li-plastiki le li-alloys tsa tsona, hore na li matlafalitsoe kapa che
• Thermosetting resin e nang le fiberglass kapa carbon
• Likhalase

Har'a lisebelisoa tsena tse hlano tsa 'mele oa koloi, tšepe ke eona e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa, e lateloa ke polasetiki, aluminium le fiberglass, tse sa sebelisoeng haholo ho li-SUV kajeno. Ntle le moo, bakeng sa likoloi tse ling tse maemong a holimo, likarolo tsa magnesium le carbon fiber li qala ho hokahanngoa.

Mabapi le karolo ea sesebelisoa ka seng, ho bohlokoa ho tseba hore tšepe e teng likoloing tse ngata, haholo-holo lihlopheng tse mahareng le tse tlase. Hape likoloing tse mahareng, o ka fumana likarolo tse ling tsa aluminium joalo ka bonnet joalo-joalo. Ho na le likoloi 'marakeng tse nang le' mele e batlang e entsoe ka aluminium ka botlalo, joalo ka Audi TT, Audi Q7 kapa Range Rover Evoque.

Hape hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore likhahla li ka ba tšepe ea tšepe, e khabisitsoeng ka li-hubcaps tse entsoeng ka polasetiki kapa aluminium kapa magnesium alloy.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, polasetiki e teng ka tekanyo ea bohlokoa haholo likoloing tsa morao-rao (ho fihlela ho 50% ea likarolo, likoloing tse ling - polasetiki), haholo-holo ka hare ho koloi. Ha e le lisebelisoa tsa 'mele oa koloi, polasetiki e ka fumanoa ka pele le ka morao li-bumpers, lisebelisoa tsa' mele, 'mele le liipone tse shebileng ka morao, hammoho le li-moldings le lintho tse ling tse khabisitsoeng. Ho na le mefuta ea Renault Clio e nang le lifensetere tse ka pele tsa polasetiki kapa mohlala o mong o sa tloaelehang, joalo ka Citroen C4. Molekane, e hoketsoeng monyako o ka morao, thepa ea maiketsetso.

Lipolasetiki li lateloa ke khalase ea fiberglass, eo hangata e sebelisetsoang ho matlafatsa polasetiki, ho etsa thepa e kopaneng bakeng sa likarolo tsa sebopeho joalo ka li bumpers tse ka pele le ka morao. Ntle le moo, li-polyester tse matlafatsang kapa li-epoxy resin li sebelisoa hape ho etsa likarolo tse ngata. Li sebelisoa haholo lisebelisoa bakeng sa tokiso, leha mefuta e meng ea Renault Space 'mele o entsoe ka lintho tsena. Li ka sebelisoa likarolong tse ling tsa koloi, joalo ka li fenders tse ka pele (Citroen C8 2004), kapa ka morao (Citroen Xantia).

Bohlale litšobotsi le tlhophiso ea thepa ea mantlha e sebelisitsoeng ho hlahiseng 'mele

Kaha lisebelisoa tse fapa-fapaneng tsa 'mele oa koloi li ka senyeha' me li hloka ho lokisoa ka har'a workshop, hoa hlokahala ho tseba litšobotsi tsa bona e le ho tlisa mekhoa ea ho lokisa, kopano le ho hokahanya, boemong bo bong le bo bong.

Lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tšepe

Tšepe, joalo ka, ke tšepe e bonolo, e boima ebile e na le maikutlo a mangata ho liphello tsa mafome le ho senya. Leha ho le joalo, thepa e bonolo ho e theha, ho theha le ho cheselletsa, 'me e na le chelete e ngata. Tšepe e sebelisoang e le thepa ea 'mele ea likoloi e kopantsoe le karolo e nyane ea khabone (0,1% ho isa ho 0,3%). Li-alloys tsena li tsejoa e le litšepe tse tlaase tsa carbon. Ho phaella moo, silicon, manganese le phosphorus li boetse li eketsoa ho ntlafatsa thepa ea mechine, ka ho toba kapa ka tsela e sa tobang. Maemong a mang, li-additives li na le merero e tobileng, ho thatafala ha tšepe ho angoa ke li-alloys tse nang le liperesente tse itseng tsa tšepe tse kang niobium, titanium kapa boron, 'me mekhoa e khethehileng ea ts'ebetso e sebelisoa ho ntlafatsa litšobotsi tse kang ho tima kapa ho halefisa. hlahisa litšepe tse matla kapa tse nang le boits'oaro bo itseng ba ho thulana.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, phokotso ea kutlo ea oxidation kapa ntlafatso ea litlolo e fihlelleha ka ho eketsa liperesente tse nyane tsa aluminium, hammoho le ho tlotsa ka galvanizing kapa ho tlotsa ka aluminizing.

Ka hona, ho latela likarolo tse kenyellelitsoeng moqomong oa motsoako, litšepe li arotsoe le ho aroloa ka tsela e latelang:

• Tšepe, kamehla kapa setempe.
• Lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa matla.
• Tšepe e phahameng haholo.
• Lisebelisoa tsa matla a marang-rang: matla a phahameng le ductility (Fortiform), e nang le boron, jj.

Ho tseba hantle hore karolo ea koloi e entsoe ka tšepe, ho lekane ho etsa tlhahlobo ka makenete, ha mofuta o khethehileng oa alloy o ka fumanoa ka ho bua ka litokomane tsa mahlale tsa moetsi.

Aluminium alloys

Aluminium ke tšepe e bonolo e maemong a 'maloa a tlase ka matla ho feta litšepe tse ngata' me e theko e boima haholo ebile e thata ho e lokisa le ho e solder. Leha ho le joalo, e fokotsa boima ba 'mele ha e bapisoa le tšepe ka 35%. 'me ha e tlas'a oxidation, eo li-alloys tsa tšepe li hlaselehang habonolo.

Aluminium e sebelisoa e le thepa ea 'mele ea likoloi ebile e na le lits'epe tse nang le tšepe tse kang magnesium, zinc, silicon kapa koporo, hape e kanna ea ba le lisebelisoa tse ling tse kang iron, manganese, zirconium, chromium kapa titanium ho ntlafatsa thepa ea bona ... Haeba ho hlokahala, ho ntlafatsa boits'oaro ba tšepe ena nakong ea tšepe, e boetse e eketsoa ka scandium.

Li-alloys tsa aluminium li arotsoe ho latela letoto la lihlooho tsa tsona, e le hore lits'epe tsohle tse sebelisoang haholo indastering ea likoloi ke karolo ea letoto la 5000, 6000 le 7000.

Tsela e 'ngoe ea ho arola li-alloys tsena ke ka monyetla oa ho thatafatsa. Sena se ka khoneha bakeng sa letoto la alloy 6000 le 7000, ha letoto la 5000 le se joalo.

Lisebelisoa tsa maiketsetso

Ts'ebeliso ea polasetiki e holile ka lebaka la boima ba eona bo bobebe, menyetla e meholo ea boqapi eo e fanang ka eona, khanyetso ea tsona ea oxidation le theko e tlase. Ho fapana le moo, mathata a eona a mantlha ke hore e nyenyefatsa ts'ebetso ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, hape e na le mathata ka ho e koahela, e hlokang lits'ebetso tse 'maloa tse hlokolosi tsa boitokiso, tlhokomelo le ho hlaphoheloa.

Lipholima tse sebelisoang indastering ea likoloi li hlophisitsoe ka tsela e latelang:

• Thermoplastics, mohlala, Polycarbonate (PC), Polypropylene (PP), Polyamide (PA), Polyethylene (PE), Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) kapa metsoako.
• Thermosetting joaloka Resin, Epoxy resins (EP), likhalase tsa fiber tse matlafalitsoeng ka khalase (GRP) joalo ka PPGF30, kapa li-resin tsa polyester tse sa tlatsitsoeng.
• Elastomers.

Mofuta oa polasetiki o ka tsejoa ka khoutu ea eona ea ho ngola, litokomane tsa tekheniki kapa liteko tse ikhethileng.

Likhalase

Ho latela boemo ba bona, khalase ea koloi e arotsoe ka:

• Lifensetere tse ka morao
• Lifenstere tse kapele
• Lifensetere tse mahlakoreng
• Likhalase tsa polokeho

Ha e le mofuta oa khalase, li fapane:

• Laminated khalase. Ho na le likhalase tse peli tse khomaretsoeng hammoho le polivinil Butiral (PVB) ea polasetiki, e setseng e ntse e le pakeng tsa bona. Ts'ebeliso ea filimi e felisa likotsi tsa ho robeha ha khalase, e lumella ho fifala kapa ho fifala, e khothaletsa khokahano.
• Khalase e bonolo. Tsena ke likhalase tseo ho sebelisoa ha tempering nakong ea tlhahiso, ho kopantsoe le khatello e matla. Sena se eketsa haholo ntlha e robehang, leha e se e fetile moeli ona, khalase e petsoha likotoana tse ngata.

Boitsebiso ba mofuta oa khalase, hammoho le tlhaiso-leseling e ngoe ka eona, e ho skrine / ho tšoaea khalase ka boeona. Kamora nako, ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore lifenstere tsa ka pele ke tšireletseho e amang pono ea mokhanni ka kotloloho, ka hona ho bohlokoa ho li boloka li le maemong a matle, ho li lokisa kapa ho li nkela sebaka ha ho hlokahala, ho sebelisoa mekhoa e netefalitsoeng ea ho qhaqha likhalase le ho kopanya.

fihlela qeto e

Ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse fapaneng bakeng sa 'mele ea koloi e khotsofatsa tlhoko ea baetsi ho ikamahanya le mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea karolo ka' ngoe ea koloi. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, melaoana e thata ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho e tlama ho fokotsa boima ba koloi, ke ka hona palo ea lits'epe tse tšepe tse ncha le thepa ea maiketsetso e sebelisoang indastering ea likoloi e ntseng e hola.