Nalane ea cha ea koloi ea Skoda

Skoda ea likoloi ke e 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa tse tummeng lefatšeng tse hlahisang likoloi tsa baeti le li-crossovers tsa mahareng. Ntlo-kholo ea k'hamphani e sebakeng sa Mlada Boleslav, Czech Republic.

Ho fihlela ka 1991, k'hamphani eo e ne e le koporasi ea liindasteri, e ileng ea theoa ka 1925, mme ho fihlela ka nako eo e ne e le feme e nyane ea Laurin & Klement. Kajeno ke karolo ea VAG (bakeng sa lintlha tse ling tse mabapi le sehlopha, bona tlhahlobisong e arohaneng).

Nalane ea Skoda

Ho theoa ha moetsi oa likoloi ea tummeng oa lefats'e ho na le nalane e nyane ea bohelehele. Lekholo la boXNUMX la lilemo le ne le tla fela. Morekisi oa libuka oa Czech Vláclav Klement o reka baesekele e turang ea kantle ho naha, empa haufinyane ho bile le mathata ka sehlahisoa seo moetsi a ileng a hana ho se lokisa.

Ho "otla" moetsi ea sa tšepahaleng, Włacław, hammoho le lebitso la hae, Laurin (e ne e le mak'henike ea tsebahalang sebakeng seo, mme moreki oa khafetsa lebenkeleng la libuka la Clement) a hlophisa tlhahiso e nyane ea libaesekele tsa bona. Lihlahisoa tsa tsona li ne li e-na le meralo e fapaneng hanyane hape li ne li tšepahala ho feta tse rekisoang ke mohatelli oa tsona. Ntle le moo, balekane ba fane ka waranti e felletseng ea lihlahisoa tsa bona ka litokiso tsa mahala ha ho hlokahala.

Fektheri e ile ea reoa Laurin & Klement, mme e thehiloe ka 1895. Libaesekele tsa Slavia li ile tsa tsoa lebenkeleng la kopano. Lilemong tse peli feela tlhahiso e ile ea hola hoo k'hamphani e nyane e neng e se e ntse e khona ho fumana mobu le ho aha feme ea eona.

Tsena ke liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa tsa moetsi, tse ileng tsa kenella 'marakeng oa likoloi tsa lefatše.

• 1899 - Khampani e atolosa tlhahiso, e qala ho hlahisa lithuthuthu tsa eona, empa e na le merero ea tlhahiso ea likoloi.
• 1905 - koloi ea pele ea Czech e ile ea hlaha, empa e ntse e hlahisoa tlasa lebitso la L&K. Moetso oa pele o ne o bitsoa Voiturette. Motheong oa eona, mefuta e meng ea likoloi e ile ea ntlafatsoa, ​​ho kenyeletsoa literaka esita le libese. Koloi ena e ne e na le lienjine tse bopehileng joaloka V bakeng sa li-cylinders tse peli. Enjene e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ne e pholisitsoe ke metsi. Moetso o ile oa bontšoa tlholisanong ea likoloi Austria, moo tlhōlo e hapiloeng sehlopheng sa makoloi a tseleng.
• 1906 - Voiturette e fumana enjene ea 4-silindara, 'me lilemo tse peli hamorao koloi e ne e ka ba le enjene e chesang ea li-cylinder tse 8.
• 1907 - E le ho hohela chelete e eketsehileng, ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho fetola boemo ba k'hamphani ho tloha femeng ea poraefete ho ea k'hamphaning e kopaneng ea setoko. Tlhahiso e atolositsoe ka lebaka la ho tsebahala ha likoloi tse hlahisitsoeng. Ba thabetse katleho e khethehileng litlholisanong tsa makoloi. Likoloi li bontšitse litholoana tse ntle, ka lebaka leo lebitso leo le khonneng ho nka karolo litlholisanong tsa maemo a lefats'e. E 'ngoe ea meetso e atlehileng e hlahileng nakong ena ke F. Tšobotsi e ikhethang ea koloi e ne e le hore enjene e na le bophahamo ba modumo ea a etsang dilitara tse 2,4, 'me matla a lona fihla 21 horsepower. Sistimi ea ho khantša e nang le likerese, e neng e sebetsa ho tloha phepelo e phahameng ea motlakase, e ne e nkuoa e khethehile ka nako eo. Motheong oa mohlala ona, ho boetse ho na le liphetoho tse 'maloa, mohlala, omnibass kapa bese e nyane.
• 1908 - Tlhahiso ea lithuthuthu e fokotsehile. Selemong sona seo, koloi ea ho qetela ea li-cylinder tse peli e ile ea lokolloa. Mefuta eohle e meng e amohetse enjene ea 4-silinda.
• 1911 - Qalo ea tlhahiso ea Model S, e ileng ea fumana enjene ea lipere e 14.
• 1912 - Khamphani e nka moetsi ho Reichenberg (eo hona joale e leng Liberec) - RAF. Ntle le tlhahiso ea makoloi a bobebe, k'hamphani e ne e nka karolo molemong oa ho etsa lienjine tse tloaelehileng, likoloi tsa lifofane, lienjine tsa ka hare tse nang le li-plunger ntle le li-valve, lisebelisoa tse ikhethileng (li-roller) le lisebelisoa tsa temo (mehoma le li-motor).
• 1914 - joalo ka baetsi ba lisebelisoa tsa mochini, k'hamphani ea Czech le eona e ile ea hlophisoa bocha bakeng sa litlhoko tsa sesole tsa naha. Kamora hore Austria-Hungary e qhalane, k'hamphani e ile ea qala ho ba le mathata a lichelete. Lebaka la sena ke hore bao e neng e le bareki ba kamehla ba fella kantle ho naha, e leng se ileng sa thatafalletsa ho rekisa lihlahisoa.
• 1924 - semela se ne se sentsoe hampe ke mollo o moholo oo ho ona lisebelisoa tsohle li sentsoeng. Pele ho feta likhoeli tse tšeletseng, k'hamphani e ntse e hlaphoheloa tlokotsing, empa sena ha sea ka sa e pholosa ho tloha ha tlhahiso e theoha butle-butle. Lebaka la sena e ne e le tlholisano e eketsehileng ho tsoa ho bahlahisi ba malapeng - Tatra le Praga. Mofuta ona o hloka ho hlahisa mefuta e mecha ea likoloi. Khamphani e ne e sa khone ho sebetsana ka katleho le mosebetsi ona ka bo eona, kahoo ho etsoa qeto ea bohlokoa selemong se tlang.
• 1925 - JOALOKAHA K & L e fetoha karolo ea khathatseho ea Czech Skoda Automobile Plant JOALOKA Plze АО (hona joale ke Skoda Holding). Ho qala selemong sena, semela sa makoloi se qala ho hlahisa likoloi tlasa lebitso la Skoda. Hona joale ntlo-kholo e Prague, 'me setsi se seholo se Plzen.
• 1930 - Feme ea Boleslav e fetoloa ASAP (khamphani e kopaneng ea setoko sa indasteri ea likoloi).
• 1930 - ho hlaha mohala o mocha oa likoloi o amohelang foromo ea mokokotlo oa fereko e ncha. Nts'etsopele ena e entsoe ka lebaka la ho haella ha maemo a thata a mefuta eohle e fetileng. Karolo e 'ngoe ea likoloi tsena e ne e le ho emisoa ho ikemetseng.
• 1933 - Ho qala 420 Standart ho qala. Ka lebaka la hore koloi ke lik'hilograma tse 350. e bobebe ho feta ea pele ho eona, ha e sa le matla ebile e bonolo ho e sebelisa, e se e tsebahala haholo. Ka mor'a moo, ea mohlala o ile a rehoa Popular.
• 1934 - Ho hlahisoa Superb e ncha.
• 1935 - Tlhahiso ea lebelo le potlakileng e qala.
• 1936 - Ho ile ha hlahisoa mohala o mong o ikhethang oa Favorit. Ka lebaka la liphetoho tsena tse 'ne, k'hamphani e nka boemo bo etelletseng pele ho baetsi ba likoloi ba Czechoslovakia.
• 1939-1945 k'hamphani e fetohela ho phethahatsa litaelo tsa sesole bakeng sa Mmuso oa Boraro. Qetellong ea ntoa, hoo e ka bang liperesente tse 70 tsa libaka tsa tlhahiso tsa lebitso li ne li sentsoe ke litlhaselo tsa bomo.
• 1945-1960 - Czechoslovakia e fetoha naha ea bochaba, 'me Skoda e fumane boemo bo etelletseng pele tlhahiso ea likoloi. Nakong ea kamora ntoa, ho ile ha hlaha mefuta e mengata e atlehileng, joalo ka Felicia, Tudor (1200), octave le Spartak.
• Tšimolohong ea li-1960 e ile ea tšoauoa ka ho salla morao kamora tsoelo-pele ea lefats'e, leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la theko ea lichelete, likoloi li ntse li batloa eseng feela Europe. Ho na le li-SUV tse ntle bakeng sa New Zealand - Trekka, le bakeng sa Pakistan - Skopak.
• 1987 - Ho qala mofuta oa Favorit o ntlafalitsoeng, o lebisang lets'oao hore le oe. Liphetoho tsa lipolotiki le matsete a maholo ho nts'etsopele ea lintho tse ncha li ile tsa qobella batsamaisi ba brand ho batla balekane ba kantle ho naha ho hohela matsete a mangata.
• 1990 - VAG e khethiloe e le molekane ea tšepahalang oa kantle ho naha. Qetellong ea 1995, k'hamphani ea motsoali e fumana 70% ea likabelo tsa lebitso. Khamphani eohle e nkuoa ke ngongoreho ka 2000, ha likabelo tse ling kaofela li rekoa.
• 1996 - Octavia e fumana lintlafatso tse 'maloa, tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke sethala se ntlafalitsoeng ke Volkswagen. Ka lebaka la liphetoho tse 'maloa ho ntlafatsa litšobotsi tse botekgeniki tsa lihlahisoa, mochini oa moetsi oa Czech o fumana botumo ba theko e tlase, empa ka boleng bo holimo ba ho aha. Sena se lumella lebitso ho etsa liteko tse ling tse khahlisang.
• 1997-2001, e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea liteko, Felicia Fun, e ile ea hlahisoa, e neng e entsoe ka setopo sa mmele mme e na le' mala o khanyang.
• 2016 - lefatše la bakhanni le bone crossover ea pele e tsoang Skoda - Kodiaq.
• 2017 - Khamphani e senola crossover e latelang ea compact, Karoq. Mmuso oa lebitso o phatlalatsa ho tsebisoa ha leano la khoebo, leo sepheo sa lona e neng e le ho tsebisa tlhahiso ea mefuta e meraro e mecha ka 2022. Tsena li tla tlameha ho kenyelletsa poone e nyalisitsoeng e 10 le likoloi tsa motlakase tse felletseng.
• 2017 - ho Shanghai Auto Show, lebitso le hlahisa mofuta oa pele oa koloi ea motlakase ka morao ho seteishene sa sehlopha sa SUV - Vision. Moetso o ipapisitse le sethala sa VAGovskaya MEB.
• 2018 - mofuta oa koloi ea lelapa la Scala o hlaha lipontšong tsa likoloi.
• 2019 - k'hamphani e hlahisitse crossover ea Kamiq subcompact. Selemong sona seo, koloi ea motlakase e litoropong ea Citigo-e iV e ile ea bontšoa. Lifeme tse ling tsa moetsi oa likoloi li fetotsoe ka mokhoa o itseng bakeng sa tlhahiso ea libeteri ho latela mahlale a ts'oaetso ea VAG.

Sebopeho

Ho theosa le nalane, k'hamphani e fetotse lets'oao makhetlo a 'maloa moo e rekisitseng lihlahisoa tsa lona tlasa ona:

• 1895-1905 - Mefuta ea pele ea libaesekele le lithuthuthu li ne li jere letšoao la Slavia, le neng le entsoe ka lebili la baesekele le makhasi a kalaka kahare.
• 1905-25 - logo ea lebitso e fetotsoe ho L & K, e neng e behiloe moeling o chitja oa makhasi a tšoanang a linden.
• 1926-33 - lebitso la lebitso le fetotsoe ho Skoda, le hlahang hanghang ho letšoao la k'hamphani. Lekhetlong lena lebitso la lebitso le ile la beoa ka oval e nang le moeli o ts'oanang le mofuta oa pejana.
• 1926-90 - ka ho ts'oana, mefuteng e meng ea k'hamphani, ho hlaha setšoantšo se makatsang se hopotsang motsu o fofang o nang le mapheo a nonyana. Ho fihlela joale, ha ho motho ea tsebang hantle hore na ke eng e entseng hore nts'etsopele e joalo e be teng, empa e se e tsejoa lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho ea ka e 'ngoe ea liphetolelo, ha a ntse a hahlaula Amerika, Emil Skoda o ne a lula a felehelitsoe ke Moindia, eo boemo ba hae ba lilemo tse ngata bo neng bo le litšoantšong liofising tsa botsamaisi ba k'hamphani. Motsu o fofang o khahlano le semelo sa setšoantšo sena o nkuoa e le letšoao la nts'etsopele e potlakileng le ts'ebetsong ea mahlale a sebetsang ho lihlahisoa tsa lebitso.
• 1999-2011 - setaele sa logo se ntse se tšoana, ke 'mala oa morao feela o fetohang' me setšoantšo se fetoha se matla. Li-shades tse tala li fana ka maikutlo a botsoalle ba tikoloho ea lihlahisoa.
• 2011 - logo ea lebitso e boetse e amohela liphetoho tse nyane. Bokamorao bo se bo soeufetse, e leng ho etsang hore khubu ea motsu o fofang e be e tsotehang le ho feta, ha lesela le letala le ntse le tsoela pele ho fana ka maikutlo a motsamao o lebisang lipalangoang tse hloekileng.

Beng ba thepa le batsamaisi

Letšoao la K & L qalong e ne e le k'hamphani e ikemetseng. Nako eo k'hamphani e neng e na le beng ba eona ba babeli (Klement le Laurin) - 1895-1907. Ka 1907, k'hamphani e ile ea fuoa boemo ba k'hamphani e kopaneng ea setoko.

Joaloka k'hamphani e kopaneng ea setoko, lebitso le bile teng ho fihlela 1925. Eaba ho na le kopanyo le k'hamphani e kopaneng ea stock ea indasteri ea makoloi ea Czech, e neng e bitsoa Skoda. Ts'oenyeho ena e ba mong'a khoebo e nyane ka botlalo.

Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-90 tsa lekholo la bo2000 la lilemo, k'hamphani e ile ea qala ho tsamaea hantle tlasa boetapele ba Sehlopha sa Volkswagen. Molekane o fetoha mong'a lebitso butle-butle. Skoda VAG e amohela litokelo tse felletseng ho mahlale le tlhahiso ea moetsi oa likoloi ka XNUMX.

Mefuta

Mona ke lenane la mefuta e fapaneng e tlohileng moleng oa kopano ea automaker.

1. Likhopolo tsa Skoda

• 1949 - Lingoloa tsa 973;
• 1958 - 1100 Mofuta oa 968;
• 1964 - F3;
• 1967-72 - 720;
• 1968 - 1100 GT;
• 1971 - 110 SS Ferat;
• 1987 - 783 Mohope o Ratoang;
• 1998 - Felicia Khauta ea Prague;
• 2002 - Lumela;
• 2002 - Khatiso ea Fabia Paris;
• 2002 - Tudor;
• 2003 - Roomster;
• 2006 - Yeti II;
• 2006 - Joyster;
• 2007 - Fabia Super;
• 2011 - Pono D;
• 2011 - Morero L;
• 2013 - Pono C;
• 2017 - Pono E;
• 2018 - Pono X.

2. Nalane

Tlhahiso ea likoloi ke k'hamphani e ka aroloa ka linako tse 'maloa:

• 1905-1911 Mefuta ea pele ea K & L ea hlaha;
•  1911-1923. K & L e ntse e tsoela pele ho hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng e ipapisitse le likoloi tsa bohlokoa tsa moralo oa eona;
• 1923-1932 Mofuta ona o tlas'a taolo ea Skoda JSC, mefuta ea pele e hlaha. Tse hlollang ka ho fetisisa e ne e le 422 le 860;
• 1932-1943. Liphetoho li hlahile 650, 633, 637. Moetso o tummeng o ile oa atleha haholo. Mofuta o hlahisa tlhahiso ea Rapid, Favorit, Superb;
• 1943-1952 Superb (phetoho ea OHV), Tudor 1101 le VOS li theola mohala oa kopano;
• 1952-1964. Ho qala tlhahiso ea Felicia, Octavia, 1200 le liphetoho tse 400 (40,45,50);
• 1964-1977. Letoto la 1200 le hlahisoa ka 'mele e fapaneng. Octavia e fumana setopo sa koloi (Combi). Moetso oa 1000 MB oa hlaha;
• 1980-1990 Nakong ea lilemo tsena tse 10, lebitso le hlahisitse mefuta e 'meli feela e mecha ea 110 R le 100 ka liphetoho tse fapaneng;
• 1990-2010 Boholo ba likoloi tse mathang li fumana lintlafatso tsa "moloko oa pele, oa bobeli le oa boraro" ho ipapisitsoe le nts'etsopele ea ngongoreho ea VAG. Har'a bona ke Octavia, Felicia, Fabia, Superb. Li-crossovers tsa Yeti compact le minivans tsa Roomster lia hlaha.

Mehlala ea kajeno

Lethathamo la mefuta e mecha ea sejoale-joale e kenyelletsa:

• 2011 - Citigo;
• 2012 - Ka potlako;
• 2014 - Fabian XNUMX;
• 2015 - Superb III;
• 2016 - Kodiaq;
• 2017 - Karoq;
• 2018 - Scala;
• 2019 - Octavia IV;
• 2019 - Kamiq.

Qetellong, re fana ka kakaretso e nyane ea litheko bakeng sa qalo ea 2020:

Litheko tsa SKODA Pherekhong 2020

Lipotso le likarabo:

Ke naha efe e hlahisang likoloi tsa Skoda? Lifeme tse matla ka ho fetisisa tsa k'hamphani li fumaneha Czech Republic. Makala a eona a teng Russia, Ukraine, India, Kazakhstan, Bosnia le Herzegovina, Poland.

Mong'a Skoda ke mang? Bathehi Vaclav Laurin le Vaclav Klement. Ka 1991 khampani e ile ea etsoa praefete. Ka mor'a moo, Skoda Auto butle-butle e ile ea e-ba tlas'a taolo ea VAG ea Jeremane.