Lienjineri tsa DOHC le SOHC: liphapang, melemo le likotsi

Pele a khetha koloi, mong'a koloi ea nakong e tlang o tobane le boitsebiso bo bongata, ho bapisa litšobotsi tse likete. Nomoro ena e kenyelletsa mofuta oa enjene, hammoho le moralo oa hlooho ea cylinder, e tla tšohloa ka ho eketsehileng. Enjene ea DOHC le SOHC ke eng, phapang ea bona ke efe, sesebelisoa, melemo le mathata - bala ho ea pele.

📌Enjene ea SOHC ke eng

 Single Over Head Camshaft (camshaft e le 'ngoe e holimo) - li-motor tse joalo li ne li le sehlohlolong sa botumo ho 60-70s ea lekholo le fetileng la lilemo. Sebopeho ke camshaft e ka holimo (ka hloohong ea silinda), hammoho le litokisetso tse 'maloa tsa li-valve:

• ho kenyelletsa li-valve ka matsoho a rocker, a kentsoeng ka axle e arohaneng, ha li-valve tsa ho kenya le ho qeta li hlophisitsoe ka sebopeho sa V. Sistimi e ts'oanang e ne e sebelisoa haholo likoloing tsa Amerika, enjene ea lapeng ea UZAM-412, e ne e tumme ka lebaka la ho fefooa hampe haholo;
• ho sebetsa ha li-valve ho sebelisa li-rocker, tse sebetsoang ke matla a li-cams tsa shaft e potolohang, ha li-valve li hlophisitsoe ka tatellano;
• boteng ba li-pusher (li-hydraulic lifters kapa li-bearings), tse lipakeng tsa belofo le cam ea shaft.

Kajeno, baetsi ba bangata ba likoloi tse nang le enjene ea li-valve tse 8 ba sebelisa sebopeho sa SOHC e le mofuta oa mantlha, o theko e tlase.

Nalane ea enjene ea SOHC

Ka 1910, k'hamphani ea Maudslay e ne e sebelisa mofuta o khethehileng oa phepelo ea khase ka nako eo mefuteng e 32 ea HP. Ntho e ikhethang ea enjene e nang le nako e joalo ke hore ho na le camshaft e le 'ngoe feela mochineng,' me e ne e le kaholimo ho li-cylinders hloohong.

Sephahla se seng le se seng se ka tsamaisoa ke li-rocker, li-rocker kapa li-pusher tsa cylindrical. Lienjiniere tse ling, joalo ka Triumph Dolomite Sprint ICE, li sebelisa li-actuator tse fapaneng. Sehlopha se kenang se tsamaisoa ke li-pusher, 'me sehlopha se tsoang se tsamaisoa ke li-rocker. Bakeng sa sena, ho ile ha sebelisoa camshaft e le 'ngoe.

📌Enjene ea DOHC ke eng

 Enjene ea DOHC ke eng (li-camshaft tse peli tse holimo) - ke phetolelo e ntlafalitsoeng ea SOHC, ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha li-camshaft tse peli, ho ne ho ka khoneha ho eketsa palo ea li-valve ka cylinder (hangata li-valve tse 4), mefuta e 'meli ea moralo e sebelisoa hona joale. :

• li-valve tse peli ka silinda e le 'ngoe - li-valve li bapile, shaft e le 'ngoe ka lehlakoreng le leng;
• li-valve tse 'nè kapa ho feta ka cylinder - li-valve li kentsoe ka tsela e tšoanang, shaft e le' ngoe ea enjene ea 4-cylinder e ka ba le li-valve tse 2 ho isa ho tse 3 (enjene ea VAG 1.8 20V ADR).

Tse atileng ka ho fetesisa ke lienjine tsa DOHC ka lebaka la bokhoni ba ho arola mekhahlelo ea ho kenella le ho qeta, hammoho le ho eketsa palo ea li-valve ntle le ho imetsa likame. Joale li-enjini tse turbocharged li hlophisitsoe feela ka li-camshafts tse peli kapa ho feta, li fana ka ts'ebetso e phahameng.

Nalane ea popo ea enjene ea DOHC

Baenjiniere ba bane ba Peugeot ba kentse letsoho ntlafatsong ea enjene ea nako ea DOCH. Sehlopha sena hamorao se ile sa bitsoa "Sehlopha sa ba bane". Pele ba qala ho nts'etsapele projeke ea mofuta ona oa matla, ba bane ba ne ba atlehile ho matha ka makoloi. Nakong ea ho nka karolo ha bona merabeng, lebelo le phahameng la enjene e ne e le likete tse peli ka motsotso. Empa sebapali se seng le se seng se batla ho etsa koloi ea sona e lebelo ka ho fetesisa.

Nts'etsopele ena e ne e ipapisitse le molao-motheo o hlalositsoeng ke Zukkareli. Ho latela mohopolo oa hae, camshaft ea mochini o tsamaisang khase e kentsoe kaholimo ho sehlopha sa li-valve. Ka lebaka la sena, bayemi khona ho qhelela ka thōko likarolo tse sa hlokahaleng ho tloha moralo unit trust matla. Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea phepelo ea khase, valve e le 'ngoe e boima e ile ea nkeloa sebaka ke tse bobebe tse peli. Ho feta moo, camshaft ka bomong e ne e sebelisetsoa li-valve tsa ho kenya le ho qeta.

Motsoalle oa hae, Henri, o ile a etsa lipalo tse hlokahalang ho hlahisa mohopolo oa ntlafatso ea makoloi ntlafatsong. Ho ea ka lipalo tsa hae, matla a enjene ea motlakase o ka hare a ka eketsoa ka ho eketsa molumo oa motsoako oa mafura a moea o tla kenella ka meqomong ka potoloho e le 'ngoe ea yuniti ea motlakase. Sena se finyeletsoe ka ho kenya li-valve tse nyane tse peli hloohong ea silindara. Ba tla etsa mosebetsi hantle haholo ho feta sephahla se le seng se seholo sa bophara.

Tabeng ena, BTC e tla kenya li-cylinders ka likarolo tse nyane le tse tsoakaneng hantle. Ka lebaka lena, tšebeliso ea mafura e fokotsehile, 'me matla a eona a fapana. Nts'etsopele ena e amohetsoe, 'me e kentsoe tšebetsong mokhoeng o mongata oa peterole oa sejoale-joale.

DOHC e nang le li-valve tse peli ka silindara

Kajeno, meralo e joalo ha e sebelisoe. Lilemong tsa bo-70 tsa lekholo la mashome a mabeli la lilemo, enjene ea li-valve tse robeli e ile ea bitsoa 2OHC, 'me ea sebelisoa likoloing tsa lipapali tse kang Alfa Romeo, rally "Moskvich-412" e ipapisitse le hlooho ea SOHC ea mofuta oa silindara. 

DOHC e nang le li-valve tse 'ne ka silindara

Moralo o pharalletseng o fumanoeng ka tlas'a makoloi a likete. Ka lebaka la li-camshafts tse peli, ho ile ha khonahala ho kenya li-valve tse 4 ka silindara, ho bolelang hore e sebetsa hantle haholo ka lebaka la tlatsetso le ntlafatso ea silindara. 

📌DOHC e fapana joang le SOHC le mefuta e meng ea enjene

Phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli ea likoloi ke palo ea li-camshafts hammoho le mochini oa ts'ebetso ea li-valve. Maemong a pele le a bobeli, camshaft e lula e le hloohong ea silindara, li-valve li tsamaisoa ka matsoho a rocker, rockers kapa lifter hydraulic. Ho lumeloa hore V-valve SOHC le 16-valve DOHC li na le matla le torque e tšoanang ka lebaka la likarolo tsa moralo.

📌Melemo le likotsi tsa DOHC

Ka melemo:

• bokgoni ba mafura;
• matla a phahameng ha a bapisoa le meralo e meng;
• menyetla e mengata ea ho eketsa matla;
• lerata le tlase la ts'ebetso ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea li-hydraulic compensators.

Mathata:

• likarolo tse ngata tsa ho roala - tlhokomelo e theko e boima le ho lokisoa;
• kotsi ea ho tsoa mokhahlelong ka lebaka la ho lokoloha ha ketane ea nako kapa lebanta;
• ho utloahala boleng le boleng ba oli.

📌Melemo le likotsi tsa SOHC

Ka melemo:

• tlhokomelo e theko e tlaase ebile e bonolo ka lebaka la moralo o bonolo;
• bokhoni ba ho kenya li-valve tse nang le sebopeho sa V;
• monyetla oa ho itlhophisa oa tokiso ea makoloi.

Mathata:

• maemong a mangata ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o tlase, ho amanang le DOHC;
• ts'ebeliso e phahameng e amanang le enjene ea li-valve tse 16 ka lebaka la matla a sa lekanang;
• phokotso e kholo ea bophelo ba enjine nakong ea tokiso;
• tlhoko ea tlhokomelo e fetang khafetsa tsamaisong ea nako (ho lokisa li-valve, ho hlahloba li-pusher, ho nkeloa sebaka ke lebanta la nako).

Qetellong, re fana ka video e khuts'oane ka phapang lipakeng tsa mefuta ena e 'meli ea likoloi:

SOHC vs DOHC | Li-autotechlabs

Lipotso le likarabo:

Ke likoloi life tse nang le lienjini tsa DOHC. Likoloi tsa khase tsa DOHC li 'nile tsa sebelisoa likoloing ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1960. Qalong, e ne e le phetolo le di-valve tse peli ka silindara (e 'ngoe bakeng sa lesoba, e mong bakeng sa sehokelo). Li-valve tsa ho kenya le ho qeta li thehiloe ho camshaft e le 'ngoe. Nakoana hamorao, lebanta la nako le li-camshafts tse peli le ile la hlaha, moqomo o le mong feela o itšetleha ka li-valve tse 'ne (tse peli monyako, tse peli sehokelo). Lethathamo le felletseng la lienjine tse joalo ho thata ho le hlophisa, empa automaker e bonts'a phetolo ena ea mochini o tsamaisang khase ka mongolo o loketseng sekoahelong sa silindara kapa litokomaneng tsa tekheniki.

Mechini ke eng lienjiniere tsa SOHC. Haeba koloi e le sehlopha sa moruo, ho ka etsahala hore mochini o tsamaisang khase oa enjene ea mofuta ona o tla ba le camshaft e le 'ngoe bakeng sa li-valve tsohle. Tlhōrō ea botumo ba likoloi tse joalo e etsahala qetellong ea lilemo tsa bo-60 le bo-70, empa likoloing tsa sejoale-joale liphetoho tsa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le mochini o joalo oa phepelo ea khase hangata li fumanoa. Mofuta ona oa nako o pakoa ke mongolo o tsamaellanang le sekoahelo sa hlooho sa silindara.