Nguva yechando dhiziri mafuta. Inodiwa mhando parameters
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Nguva yechando dhiziri mafuta. Inodiwa mhando parameters

Chinhu chose chine nguva yacho

Chii chinoitika kumafuta edhiziri yezhizha pakudziya kwakaderera? Sezvinongoita mvura inoomesa patembiricha yechando, dhiziri yemhando yezhizha inopenyawo. Mhedzisiro: mafuta anowedzera viscosity uye anovhara mafuta mafirita. Nokudaro, motokari haichagoni kugamuchira mafuta edhiziri emhando yepamusoro muhuwandu hunodiwa. Bhero pamusoro pematambudziko emangwana achaitika kare pakutanga kwechando chakagadzikana.

Panyaya yemafuta edhiziri yechando, nzvimbo yekudira inodzikira kuitira kuti mafuta edhiziri arege kupenya. Mafuta echando emotokari dzedhiziri aripo mumakirasi akati wandei, uye kumwe kusiyanisa kunowanzoitwa pakati pemafuta echinyakare "chando" uye "polar", arctic class. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, kushanda kwemafuta edhiziri kunochengetwa kunyange kune kutonhora kwakanyanya.

Nguva yechando dhiziri mafuta. Inodiwa mhando parameters

Kutsiviwa kwemagiredhi emafuta edhiziri kunowanzoitwa nevashandisi vezviteshi zvegasi ivo pachavo. Usati wawedzera mafuta, ita shuwa kuti hapana mafuta ezhizha mutangi.

Nguva yechando dhiziri makirasi emafuta

Makore mashanu apfuura, Russia yakaunza uye parizvino iri kushandisa GOST R 55475, iyo inodzora zvinodiwa zvemafuta edhiziri anoshandiswa muchando. Inogadzirwa kubva pakati pepakati distillate zvikamu zve petroleum zvigadzirwa. Mafuta edhiziri akadaro anoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwepasi peparafini-inogadzira mahydrocarbons, uye inogona kushandiswa zvakachengeteka mumotokari dzedhiziri.

Iyo yakatsanangurwa chiyero inogadzirisa mamakisi emafuta emotokari idzi (yechando -Z uye arctic - A), pamwe nemuganhu wekusefa tembiricha - chiratidzo chinoratidza hutsika hwekushisa uko fluidity yemafuta edhiziri inodzikira kusvika pazero. Filterability zviratidzo zvinosarudzwa kubva kune inotevera chiyero chiyero: -32ºC, -38ºC, -44ºC, -48ºC, -52ºC. Izvi zvinotevera kuti, dhiziri mafuta emhando Z-32 ichaonekwa munguva yechando, ine filtration tembiricha ye -32ºC, uye A-52 dhiziri mafuta - arctic, ine tembiricha filtration index of -52ºC.

Nguva yechando dhiziri mafuta. Inodiwa mhando parameters

Makirasi echando dizeli mafuta, ayo anotangwa neichi chiyero, anosarudza:

  1. Kuvapo kwesarufa mu mg / kg: kusvika ku350 maererano nekirasi K3, kusvika ku50 maererano nekirasi K4 uye kusvika ku10 maererano nekirasi K5.
  2. Flash point value, ºC: yemafuta giredhi Z-32 - 40, maererano nemamwe mamakisi - 30.
  3. Kubuda chaiko kubuditsa viscosity, mm2/ s, iyo inofanira kuva: yeZ-32 mafuta edhiziri - 1,5 ... 2,5, yeZ-38 dizeli mafuta - 1,4 ... 4,5, maererano nemamwe marudzi - 1,2 ... 4,0.
  4. Kuvepo kwekudzivirira kwemahydrocarbons eboka rinonhuhwirira: maererano nemakirasi K3 neK4, mishonga yakadaro inogona kunge isingasviki 11%, maererano nekirasi K5 - kwete kupfuura 8%.

GOST R 55475-2013 haitsananguri kusefa uye hunhu hwehutu sehumwe tembiricha hunhu hunowanikwa mumakirasi emafuta edhiziri. Izvo zvinodiwa zvetekinoroji zvinongosimbisa chete kuti tembiricha yekusefa inofanirwa kudarika iyo cloud point negumiºC.

Nguva yechando dhiziri mafuta. Inodiwa mhando parameters

Density yechando dizeli mafuta

Ichi chiratidzo chemuviri chine inooneka, kunyangwe isinganzwisisike, mhedzisiro pawaxing uye chiyero chekukodzera kwemafuta edhiziri yeimwe mhando, panguva imwe chete kuseta miganhu yekushandiswa kwayo pakudziya kwakaderera.

Nezvemafuta edhiziri yechando, density yezita haifanire kudarika 840 kg/m³, pane gore re -35 °C. Huwandu hwakatsanangurwa hunoshanda kumafuta edhiziri, iyo inogadzirwa uchishandisa tekinoroji yekusanganisa yakanatswa yekutanga uye yechipiri hydrocarbons ine yekupedzisira kuvira kwe180…340 ° C.

Nguva yechando dhiziri mafuta. Inodiwa mhando parameters

Zvakafanana zviratidzo zvemafuta eArctic ndezvi: density - isingasviki 830 kg / m³, gore point -50 °C. Sezvineiwo mafuta edhiziri anopisa anoshandiswa nenzvimbo yekubikira ye180 ... 320 ° C. Izvo zvakakosha kuti kufashaira kwakasiyana kweiyo arctic giredhi dhiziri mafuta anenge anoenderana neamwechete parameter yezvikamu zveparafini, saka, mafuta akadaro anogona kutariswa kunyanya inorema parafini maererano nehunhu hwayo.

Kuipa kweparafini yakachena ishoma nhamba yecetane (35…40) uye kusakwana kwemafuta ekuzora, ayo anotarisisa kupera kwakanyanya kweiyo jekiseni unit. Kuti ubvise zvipingamupinyi izvi, zvikamu zvinowedzera nhamba yecetane zvinowedzerwa kuArctic dizeli mafuta, uye kuti uvandudze zvivakwa zvekuzora, iyo yekuwedzera yemamwe mabhureki emafuta emota inoshandiswa.

Diesel mafuta muchando -24. Hunhu hwemafuta paShell/ANP/UPG zviteshi zvekuzadza

Vanotanga rinhi kutengesa mafuta edhiziri yechando?

Mamiriro ekunze muRussia anosiyana zvakanyanya mukupisa kwavo. Nokudaro, nzvimbo dzakawanda dzegesi dzinotanga kutengesa mafuta edhiziri yechando kubva pakupera kwaOctober - kutanga kwaNovember, uye kupera muna April. Kana zvisina kudaro, mafuta edhiziri achawedzera viscosity yayo, kuva nemakore uye, pakupedzisira, kuumba gelatinous gel, inoratidzirwa nekushayikwa kwakakwana kwemvura. Hazvibviri kutanga injini mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.

Zvisinei, pane misiyano maererano nekutengesa. Semuyenzaniso, mune mamwe matunhu enyika tembiricha haina kudonha zvakanyanya, uye kune mamwe mazuva anotonhora, nechando chinowanzonyorova (semuenzaniso, Kaliningrad kana Leningrad matunhu). Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, iyo inonzi "musanganiswa wechando" inoshandiswa, iyo inosanganisira 20% yezhizha dizeli uye 80% yechando. Nechando chakapfava chisina kujairika, chikamu chenguva yechando uye yezhizha mafuta edhiziri anogona kunge ari 50/50.

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