Kutsiva iyo inotonhorera. Nguva yekuchinja

Iyo uye nei iyo inotonhorera ichifanira kuchinjwa? Ndeipi mhedzisiro yekumisikidza isingatarisirwi, yakasarudzwa zvisizvo kana yakaderera-mhando antifreeze Sei kutsiva inotonhodza iwe pachako? Iwe uchawana mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi pazasi.

Sei uchida antifreeze mumota

Kubva pazita zviri pachena kuti basa guru remvura ndeyekutonhora. Chii chaizvo chinotonhorera chinofanira kutonhodzwa uye nei?

Munguva yekushanda kweinjini, huwandu hukuru hwekupisa hunoburitswa, kunyanya panguva yekumanikidza sitiroko, apo tembiricha mumasilinda inosvika 2500 °, pasina kutonhora, injini yaizopisa nekutadza mumaminitsi mashoma. Zvakare, antifreeze inochengetedza tembiricha yekushanda yejini, panowanikwa hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye hupfumi hweinjini yekupisa kwemukati. Iyo "inotonhorera" ine mukana wechipiri - kupa mukati memota nekupisa kana chitofu chabatidzwa, nekuda kwekutenderera kweinotonhora system kuburikidza nekudziya. Saka, antifreeze:

• inotonhora;
• inochengetedza yakakwana tembiricha tembiricha yemota;
• inodzivirira pakupisa.

Nheyo yekushanda kwechinhu chinotonhorera iri nyore: injini ine migero inonzi inotonhora bhachi. Paunosvika pane tembiricha yekushanda, iyo thermostat inovhura, uye pombi yemvura iri pasi pekumanikidza inopa mvura kune injini, mushure meizvozvo inopisa uye inopfuura neiyo radiator, uyezve inopinda mukati injini yekutsva yatotonhora. Kuwedzera kune chikuru basa, antifreeze inopa anti-ngura zvivakwa, inobvisa zviyero kuumbwa, ine lubricating zvivakwa izvo zvakakosha kune yemhando yepamusoro uye kwenguva refu kushanda kweye thermostat nepombi.

Mhando uye mutsauko weanotonhora

Nhasi, kune matatu marudzi eanotonhora, imwe neimwe inosiyana nehunhu, ruvara, hupenyu hwebasa uye kuumbwa:

• G11 - yechinyakare antifreeze, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari dzepamba, pamwe nemotokari dzekunze, uko injini yakagadzirirwa mitoro yakaderera, uye tembiricha yayo yekushanda isingapfuuri 90 madhigirii. G11 ine silicates uye zvimwe zvinhu muchimiro che inorganic additives. Chimiro chavo ndechekuti antifreeze yakadaro inopa firimu rakakora pamusoro pezvikamu zvinotonhora zvinodzivirira kubva pakuora. Kana iyo inotonhorera ikasatsiviwa nenguva, iyo firimu inorasikirwa nemidziyo yayo, inoshanduka kuita mvura inonaya, iyo inoderedza kubuda kwehurongwa, ichivharira migero. Inokurudzirwa kushandura iyo inotonhorera makore ese e2 kana ega ega 70 km, mutemo mumwechete unoshanda kune TOSOL brand, ine zvinhu zvakafanana;
• G12 - iri izita reinotonhorera, iyo inogadzirwa uchishandisa tekinoroji yeorganic acids (carboxylic). Iyi antifreeze inosiyaniswa nezviri nani thermal conductivity, asi haipe firimu rinodzivirira rakafanana neG11. Pano, corrosion inhibitors inoshanda pointwise, kana ikaitika, inotumirwa kune foci, kudzivirira kupararira kwemarara. Nokufamba kwenguva, kutonhora uye anti-corrosion zvivakwa zvinorasika, zvichiteerana, iyo mvura inoshandura ruvara, saka, mutemo wekushandiswa kweG12 wakatemerwa kwete anopfuura makore mashanu kana 5 km. Mutemo unoshandawo kune hybrid antifreezes (G25) + uye carboxylate antifreezes (G00 ++);
• G13 - chizvarwa chazvino munyika yezvinotonhorera, inonzi lobrid. Iyo inosiyana kubva kune mamwe mabhureki eantifreeze mukuti hwaro hwekuumbwa pano ndeye propylene glycol (yakasara ine ethylene glycol). Izvi zvinoreva kuti G13 ine hushamwari hwakatipoteredza uye yemhando yepamusoro. Mabhenefiti makuru emvura yakadaro kugona kuchengetedza tembiricha yekushanda yeinjini dzemazuva ano dzakaremerwa, nepo hupenyu hwesevhisi hunosiyana kubva pa5 kusvika kumakore gumi, hunotonzi "husingaperi" - hwehupenyu hwese hwesevhisi.

Kana uchichinja antifreeze muinjini

Muchina wega wega une zvirevo zvawo zvinoratidza mhando yechando uye iyo yekutsiva nguva. Nonamatira kune izvo fekitori kurudziro, uchizadza iyo yaunoda antifreeze, iwe unozokwanisa kuwedzera hupenyu hweanotonhora masisitimu ehurongwa, pamwe nekuve nechokwadi chemafuta anoshanda. Pamusoro pemitemo, pane zviitiko zvisinganzwisisike kana zvichinyanya kukosha kuti uchinje inotonhorera. 

Injini inopisa

Muchiitiko kana paine chivimbo mukushanda kwepombi yemvura, thermostat, radiator uye yekuwedzera tangi chivharo ine vhu-yemhepo vharuvhu, asi injini inopisa, chikonzero chiri mune inotonhorera. Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka nei iyo inotonhorera isingatarise kutonhora:

• Hupenyu hwebasa reantifreeze hwave kunze, hahupe lubricating uye kupisa-kuitisa zvinhu
• mhando yeantifreeze kana antifreeze;
• chikamu chisina kukodzera chemvura yakasvibiswa ine antifreeze concentrate (mamwe mvura);
• isina kukwana huwandu hweanotonhodza muhurongwa.

Chero chipi chezvikonzero zviri pamusoro chinotungamira pakupisa, izvo zvinoreva kuti simba nehupfumi hweinjini zvinoderera, uye njodzi yekukundikana kweyuniti yemagetsi inowedzera kakati wandei nedhigirii rimwe nerimwe rawanikwa.

Injini haisvike kunoshanda tembiricha

Icho chikonzero chiri mune isiriyo chikamu chemvura kune antifreeze. Kazhinji, varidzi vemota zvisirizvo vanodurura yakachena concentrate muchirongwa chinochengeta zvivakwa zvacho uye chisingatonhe -80 °. Muchiitiko ichi, injini haizokwanise kupisa kusvika kune tembiricha yekushandisa; uyezve, pane njodzi yekukuvadza huso hweanotonhora masisitimu zvikamu.

Imwe neimwe pasuru ine concentrate ine tafura yezvikamu, semuenzaniso: iyo concentrate haina chando pa -80 °, kana iro reshiyo nemvura yakasvibiswa iri 1: 1, ichi chikumbarwo chinodzikira kubva -40 °. Zvakakosha kufunga nezvenharaunda yekushanda kwemotokari, kana munguva yechando tembiricha isinga nyanye kuderera pazasi -30 °, saka kune yako kudzikamisa, unogona kusanganisa zvinwiwa 1: 1. Zvakare, zvakagadzirwa zvakagadzirwa "zvinotonhorera" zvinotengeswa kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvakadaro.

Kana iwe netsaona ukadurura yakachena concentrate, saka iwe unofanirwa kudurura hafu mumudziyo kune inotevera kutsiva, uye wedzera yakaenzana mvura. Kuti uvimbike, shandisa hydrometer inoratidza iyo inotonhora nzvimbo inotonhorera.

Ngura

Iyo isingafadzi muitiro unoparadza kwete chete zvikamu zvechitonho system, asiwo injini pachayo. Zvinhu zviviri zvinoita basa mukuumbwa kwaro:

• kune chete mvura muhurongwa, uye isina kudonhedzwa;
• kushomeka kweanorwisa-ngura zvinowedzera mu "chiller".

Kazhinji, maitiro akafanana anoonekwa pakuparadzanisa injini dzemotokari dzeSoviet, dzakatyaira nzira zhinji pamvura. Kutanga, chiyero chinoisa fomu, chinhanho chinotevera ndechekuora, uye muzviitiko zvepamberi, "inodya nepakati" nemadziro pakati pejasi rekutonhorera uye mugero wemafuta, pamwe nemasilinda liners. 

Kana ngura ikaitika, iwe uchafanirwa kuburitsa iyo system nemakomputa akasarudzika ayo anobatsira kumisa iyo yekuparadza maitiro, mushure meizvozvo unofanirwa kuzadza yepamusoro-soro yakasimbiswa antifreeze.

Tsanga

Kuumbwa kwedutu kunogona kuve kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka:

• hupenyu hwehupenyu hweanotonhora hwapfuura;
• kusanganisa iyo concentrate nemvura isina kurapwa;
• chibhakera chesilinda musoro gasket, nekuda kwekuti mafuta nemweya zvinopinda mukutonhora system.

Kana iyo chikonzero chikaonekwa, chinodikanwa chinokurumidza chemvura nekutsvaira chinodiwa. 

Kudzorera kunodiwa kangani

Zvisinei nemirau yakarairwa nemugadziri wemotokari, zvirinani kushandura mvura yacho kakawanda, ingangoita makumi maviri neshanu muzana pakutanga kwezuva rekuguma. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti panguva ino pombi inochinja kanenge kamwe chete, mvura yacho inodururwa, zvobva zvadirwa zvakare muhurongwa. Pakati peino nguva, iyo antifreeze ine nguva yekuisa oxidize yakati, ichirasikirwa nemidziyo yayo. Zvakare, iyo yekutsiva chinguva inokanganiswa nemhando yekutyaira, dunhu rekushanda, pamwe nenzvimbo (guta modhi kana suburban). Kana mota ikashandiswa zvakanyanya muguta, ipapo inotonhorera inoda kuchinjwa kazhinji.

Nzira yekudhonza sei inotonhorera

Zvichienderana neinjini dhizaini, pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa:

• pombi nepombi pane redhiyeta;
• kubudikidza vharafu iri humburumbira chinogumbura;
• paunenge uchidambura pombi yepasi rediyeta.

Dhonza kuteedzana:

• kudziisa injini kutembiricha yemadhigirii makumi mana;
• vhura chivharo chetangi rekuwedzera;
• mota inofanirwa kunge iri padanho repamusoro !;
• chinja mudziyo wevhoriyamu inodikanwa yemvura yemarara, hazvigoneke kudhonza inotonhorera pasi;
• zvinoenderana nekushandurwa kweinjini, isu tinotanga maitiro ekudhonza iyo yekare "slurry";
• negiravhiti, iyo mvura inodhira muhuwandu hwe60-80%, kuona yakakwana drainage, kuvhara iyo yekuwedzera tangi chifukidziro, kutanga injini uye kubatidza chitofu pane simba rizere, nekuda kwekuti iro rese remvura iri pasi pekumanikidzwa ichabuda.

Kubvisa injini kutonhora sisitimu

Izvo zvakakodzera kuburitsa iyo inotonhora system mune akati wandei zviitiko:

• kuchinjira kune imwe mhando yeantifreeze kana imwe inogadzira;
• injini yakanga ichimhanya pamusoro pemvura;
• hupenyu hwehupenyu hweanotonhora hwapfuura;
• chisimbiso chakawedzerwa kuhurongwa kubvisa kubuda kweradiator.

Sekutsvaira, zvinokurudzirwa kukanganwa nezvenzira dze "yechinyakare" uye kushandisa akakosha mafomati ane zvinowachira uye zvekuchenesa zvinowedzerwa. Semuenzaniso, kune makiti echinyoro chemaminitsi mashanu ekugezesa, kushanda kwayo kune nharo, kana maviri-nhanho yekuchenesa kit. Padanho rekutanga, zvinodikanwa kudhonza iyo yakare mvura, zadza muhombodo yekuchenesa kwekutanga wash, wedzera mvura yakachena kune yakaderera mamaki. Injini inofanira kumhanya kweinenge hafu yeawa patembiricha yemadhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe. Iyi sisitimu inojekeswa chiyero uye ngura.

Chikamu chechipiri chinosanganisira kubviswa kwemafuta emafuta uye zvigadzirwa zvinotonhorera zvekuora. Izvo zvinodikanwa kudhonza mvura kubva kune yekutanga flush uye zvakare gadzira mutsva mutsva. Iyo mota inomhanya nekumhanyisa simbe kwemaminetsi makumi matatu, mushure mekurasa mvura yemarara, tinozadza sisitimu nemvura yakachena uye tinoisiya ichimhanya kwemimwe maminetsi gumi nemashanu.

Mhedzisiro ndiyo yakachena kutonhora system, kusavapo kwekuora, kutsigirwa kweiyo sosi yakanyudzwa mune itsva antifreeze.

Kutsiva inotonhorera: nhanho nhanho mirairo

Kutsiva iyo inotonhorera, tinoda:

• mashoma seti yezvishandiso;
• mudziyo wemarara emarara;
• Urume hutsva muhuwandu hunodiwa;
• seti yekutsvaira kana zvichidikanwa;
• mvura yakadzvanywa 5 litita yekutsvaira;
• hydrometer;

Maitiro ekutsiva anotevera:

• tevedzera rairo dzekudonha dhara rekare;
• kana zvichidikanwa, pusha iyo sisitimu sezvakaratidzwa pamusoro;
• kuburitsa hunyoro hwekare, kutarisa kutendeka kwekubatana kwepombi dzinotonhora uye kuomarara kwepombi;
• kana iwe wakatenga yakaringana uye yakadiridzwa mvura, ipapo chikamu chinodiwa chakasanganiswa, icho iwe chaunotarisa nehydrometer. Paunosvika pane chaunoda pamuganhu unotonhora, pfuurira mberi;
• vhura chivharo chetangi rekuwedzera uye zadza mvura kune iyo yakanyanya mamaki;
• vhara chivharo, tangisa injini, batidza chitofu kusvika pakakwirira, rega chimhanye paisina basa uye nepakati kumhanya, asi isingabvumidze iyo tembiricha kukwira kupfuura 60 °;
• vhura chivharo uye kumusoro kumusoro kune iyo yakanyanya mamaki, dzokorora maitiro, uye kana mvura yamira kusiya tangi, iyo system yakazara.

Paunenge uchitsiva iyo inotonhorera, iyo system inoenda nemhepo; kuti ubvise mweya, iwe unofanirwa kumanikidza iyo yepamusoro yekutonhora pombi netangi kana rediyeta kapu yakavhurika. Iwe uchaona mabudiro emhepo achibuda mu "inotonhorera", uye kusavapo kwemhepo kucharatidzirwa nemapombi akaomarara ayo anonetsa kumanikidza nawo. 

Zvakaringana zviyero

Mugadziri weanotonhodza, ekuti concentrate, anoratidzira hunhu hwechitonhodza zvinoenderana neyakaenzana nemvura. Yakawanda sei mvura yaunoda ye antifreeze? Zvikuru zvekuti iyo inotonhora poindi ine maganho e10 degrees kupfuura zvinoita munharaunda yako. 

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Ini ndinofanira kutsvaira sisitimu yekutonhodza kana ndichichinja chinotonhorera? Nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kugezesa sisitimu, nekuti zvakasara zveyakashandiswa antifreeze zvinogona kuita neinotonhorera nyowani uye kuderedza kushanda kwayo.

Nzira yekutsiva sei antifreeze mumotokari? Mvura yekare inodururwa kubva kune radiator uye cylinder block (kana yakapiwa nekugadzirwa kwayo) uye itsva inodururwa. Pakutanga, vhoriyamu inoda kuzadzikiswa.

Chii chinoshandiswa sechinhu chinotonhorera? Antifreeze kana antifreeze (imwe neimwe ine mavara akati wandei). Kana kuparara kuchiitika, saka kwechinguva unogona kuzadza mvura yakasvibiswa.