Mhando, chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kwemota airbags

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekuchengetedza mutyairi uye vanofamba mumota maairbags. Kuvhura panguva yekukanganisa, vanodzivirira munhu kubva mukubonderana newiringi, dashboard, chigaro chepamberi, mbiru dzemumativi uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri uye zvemukati. Sezvo maairbags akatanga kuiswa mumotokari nguva dzose, vakakwanisa kuponesa hupenyu hwevanhu vazhinji vakapinda mutsaona.

Nhoroondo yezvisikwa

Prototypes ekutanga eairbags emazuva ano akaonekwa muna 1941, asi hondo yakanganisa zvirongwa zveinjiniya. Nyanzvi dzakadzokera mukusimudzirwa kweairbag mushure mekupera kwemhirizhonga.

Zvinonakidza kuti mainjiniya maviri aishanda zvakasiyana kubva kumakondinendi akasiyana aibatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemaairbags ekutanga. Saka, muna Nyamavhuvhu 18, 1953, muAmerican John Hetrick akagamuchira patent yehurongwa hwekudzivirira kubva kuzvinhu zvinokanganisa zvinhu mukamuri revatengesi rakagadzirwa naye. Mwedzi mitatu chete gare gare, munaNovember 12, 1953, patent yakafanana yakapihwa kuGerman Walter Linderer.

Pfungwa yechigadzirwa chekukoromoka kwenjodzi yakauya kuna John Hetrick mushure mekunge apinda mutsaona yemumotokari mumotokari yake. Mhuri yake yese yaive mumotokari panguva yekurovera. Hetrik aive nerombo rakanaka: kurohwa kwanga kusiri kusimba, saka hapana akakuvadzwa. Zvakangodaro, chiitiko ichi chakabata zvakanyanya paAmerican. Husiku hunotevera mushure metsaona, mainjiniya akazvivharira muhofisi yake ndokutanga kushanda pamifananidzo, zvinoenderana nezvakatanga kugadzirwa.

Kugadzirwa kweinjiniya kwave nekuvandudzwa nekuwedzera nekufamba kwenguva. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mhando dzekutanga dzekugadzira dzakabuda mumotokari dzeFord muma 70s ezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri.

Airbag mumota dzemazuvano

Airbags izvozvi akaiswa mumota yega yega. Huwandu hwavo - kubva pane imwe kusvika pazvidimbu zvinomwe - zvinoenderana nekirasi nemidziyo yemotokari. Basa guru rehurongwa rinoramba rakafanana - kuve nechokwadi chekudzivirirwa kwemunhu kubva mukurovera kumhanya kwakanyanya nezvinhu zvemukati memota.

Iyo airbag inongopa chete yakaringana dziviriro kubva pakubata kana munhu wacho akapfeka mabhandi echigaro panguva yekurovera. Kana mabhandi epachigaro asina kusungwa, iko kushanda kweiyo airbag kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kumwe. Yeuka kuti iro chairo basa repiro kutambira musoro wemunhu uye "kupunzika" pasi pechiito cheinertia, kupfavisa kurova, uye kwete kubhururuka uchienda wakanangana.

Mhando dzemaairbags

Maairbags ese anogona kuganhurwa mumhando dzakasiyana zvichienderana nekuiswa kwavo mumotokari.

1. Pamberi. Kwenguva yekutanga, mapiro akadaro akaonekwa chete muna 1981 pamotokari dzeGerman brand Mercedes-Benz. Izvo zvinoitirwa mutyairi uye mufambi akagara padyo navo. Mutsamiro wemutyairi uri mudhiraivho, kune mutyairi - pamusoro pe dashboard (dashboard).
2. Rutivi. Muna 1994, Volvo akatanga kuvashandisa. Padivi maairbags anodikanwa kuchengetedza muviri wemunhu mune rimwe divi rova. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, ivo vakasungirirwa kumberi kwechigaro chekumberi backrest. Vamwe vagadziri vemotokari vanokwanawo maairbags epadivi muzvigaro zvekumashure kwemotokari.
3. Musoro (une zita rechipiri - "machira"). Yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza musoro kubva mukukanganisa panguva yekurovera padivi. Zvichienderana neiyo modhi uye inogadzira, maairbags aya anogona kuiswa pakati pembiru, kumberi kana kumashure kwedenga, kudzivirira vafambi mumutsara wega wega wezvigaro zvemotokari.
4. Knee mapads akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza shiny yemumhino uye mabvi. Mune mamwe mamodheru emota, zvishandiso zvinodzivirira tsoka dzemufambi zvinogona zvakare kuiswa pasi pe "girovhosi kamuri".
5. Iyo airbag yepakati yakapihwa neToyota muna2009. Chigadzirwa chakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vafambi kubva kukuvara kwechipiri mune rimwe divi rova. Iyo cushion inogona kuwanikwa mukati meye armrest kumberi mutsara wezvigaro kana pakati pekumashure kwechigaro chemberi.

Airbag module mudziyo

Dhizaini yacho yakapusa uye yakajeka. Module yega yega ine zvinhu zviviri chete: mutsago pachawo (bhegi) uye gasi jenareta.

1. Bhegi (mutsago) rakagadzirwa nhete-nhete-neta-nylon shell, iyo ukobvu hwayo haupfuure 0,4 mm. Iyo casing inokwanisa kutsungirira yakakwira mitoro kwenguva pfupi yenguva. Bhegi rakaiswa mune rakakosha vhiri, rakafukidzwa nepurasitiki kana jira rekuvhara.
2. Iyo gasi jenareta, iyo inopa "kupfura" kwepiro. Zvichienderana nemota yemota, mutyairi uye kumberi kwemutyairi maairbags anogona kunge ari nhanho imwechete kana maviri-nhanho magwenya emagetsi. Iyo yekupedzisira yakagadzirirwa maviri squibs, imwe yacho inoburitsa inenge 80% yegesi, uye yechipiri inokonzereswa chete mukurovera kwakanyanya, nekuda kweizvozvo munhu anoda piro yakaoma. Squibs ine zvinhu zvine zvinhu zvakafanana nepfuti. Zvakare magwenya emagetsi akapatsanurwa mukati mafuta akasimba (inoumbwa nemuviri uzere nemafuta akasimba muchimiro chemapellets ane squib) uye chemasanganiswa (inosanganisira dzimba ine gasi risina simba pasi pekumanikidza kukuru kubva pa200 kusvika ku600 bhawa uye yakasimba peturu ine anopisa). Iko kupisa kwemafuta akasimba kunotungamira mukuvhurwa kweiyo yakamanikidzwa gasi humburumbira, ipapo musanganiswa unoguma unopinda mutsamiro. Chimiro uye mhando yegasi jenareta rinoshandiswa rinonyanya kutsanangurwa nechinangwa uye nzvimbo yeairbag.

Ainoita

Nheyo yemaairbags iri nyore nyore.

• Kana mota ikabondana nechipingaidzo pakumhanya, kumberi, parutivi kana kumashure maseru anokonzereswa (zvinoenderana nechikamu chemuviri chakarohwa). Maseru anowanzo kukonzerwa mukurovera kumhanya pamusoro pe20 km / h. Nekudaro, ivo vanoongororawo simba rezvakakonzeresa, kuitira kuti iyo airbag ikwanise kuendeswa kunyangwe mumotokari yakamira painorova. Pamusoro pekukanganisa ma sensors, sensors seat seat sensors inogona zvakare kuiswa kuti ione kuvepo kwevanofamba mumota . Kana chete mutyairi ari mukabhini, ma sensors anodzivirira maairbags evatakurwi kubva mukukonzerwa.
• Ivo vanobva vatumira chiratidzo kune iyo SRS yemagetsi yekudzora yuniti, iyo, zvakare, inoongorora kudiwa kwekuendeswa uye kuendesa iwo murairo kumaairbags.
• Ruzivo rwunobva kuchikamu chekutonga rwunogashirwa nejenareta yegasi, mairi iko kuvesa kunoitwa, kuchikonzera kuwedzera kwekumanikidza uye kupisa mukati.
• Nekuda kwekushanda kwemoto, sodium acid inotsva pakarepo mujenareta yegasi, ichiburitsa nitrogen yakawanda. Iyo gasi inopinda muairbag uye vhura iyo airbag ipapo ipapo. Yekumhanya yebaggi yekumhanyisa ingangoita mazana matatu km / h.
• Usati wazadza muhombodo yemhepo, nitrogen inopinda mukati mesimbi firita, iyo inotonhodza gasi uye kubvisa chinhu chemukati kubva mumoto.

Iyo yese yekuwedzera nzira inotsanangurwa pamusoro inotora isinga pfuure makumi matatu mamiriseconds. Iyo airbag inochengeta chimiro chayo kwemasekondi gumi, mushure mezvo inotanga kukanganisa.

Piro yakavhurwa haigone kugadziriswa kana kushandiswazve. Mutyairi anofanirwa kuenda kumusangano kuti anotsiva maamogebag magemendi, anokonzeresa kumanikidza bhandi uye neyunodzora SRS.

Zvinoita here kudzima maairbags

Hazvikurudzirwe kudzima maairbags mumotokari nekukanganisa, sezvo ino sisitimu inopa yakakosha dziviriro kumutyairi uye vafambi kana paitika tsaona. Nekudaro, zvinokwanisika kuvhara iyo system kana iyo airbag ichiita zvinokuvadza kupfuura zvakanaka. Nekudaro, mutsago unodzimwa kana mwana akatakurwa muchigaro chemotokari yemwana pamberi pechigaro chemberi. Zvidzoreso zvevana zvakagadzirirwa kupa yakanyanya kudzivirirwa kune vafambi vadiki vasina zvimwe zvekubatanidza. Mutsiro wakadzingwa, kune rumwe rutivi, unogona kukuvadza mwana.

Zvakare, maairbags evapfuuri anokurudzirwa kuve akaremara nekuda kwezvimwe zvikonzero zvekurapa:

• panguva yekuzvitakura;
• pakuchembera;
• yezvirwere zvemapfupa nemajoini.

Kugadzirisa iyo airbag, zvakafanira kuyera zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, nekuti kana pakaitika njodzi, basa rekuchengetedza hupenyu nehutano hwevatakurwi richava nemutyairi.

Mufambi weairbag deactivation pateni inogona kusiana zvichienderana nekugadzira uye modhi yemota. Kuti uwane kunyatsoita mashandiro emagetsi mumota yako, tarisa kubhuku remota yako.

Airbag chinhu chakakosha chekudzivirira mutyairi nevafambi. Zvisinei, kuvimba nemapiro chete hakugamuchirwi. Izvo zvakakosha kuti urangarire kuti zvinongoshanda chete kana zvichishandiswa nemabhanhire echigaro akasungwa. Kana panguva yekukanganisa munhu asina kusungwa, achabhururuka neinertia akananga mutsago, urikupfura nekumhanyisa kwe300 km / h. Kukuvara kwakanyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro hakugone kudzivirirwa. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti vatyairi nevafambi vayeuke nezve kuchengetedzeka uye kusunga bhandi pachigaro parwendo rwese.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinonzi kuchengetedza hurongwa hwemotokari? Aya ndiwo akati wandei ekugadzira maficha emota, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu uye masisitimu anodzivirira tsaona dzemotokari.

Ndeapi marudzi ekuchengetedza anoshandiswa mumotokari? Motokari dzemazuva ano dzinoshandisa marudzi maviri ekuchengetedza maitiro. Yekutanga ndeyekuita (kuderedza kukuvara mutsaona kusvika kushoma), yechipiri inoshanda (inodzivirira kuitika kwetsaona).