Mudziyo nemhando yemwenje yemota

Nzvimbo yepakati mumagetsi emagetsi system inogara nemarambi epamberi (mwenje wemwenje). Ivo vanoona kuchengetedzeka kwenzendo manheru nemanheru nekuvhenekera mugwagwa uri pamberi pemotokari uye nekuzivisa vamwe vatyairi kana mota ichisvika.

Mberi maziso emwenje: zvimiro zvedenga

Mwenje yemwenje yakagadziridzwa kwemakumi emakore. Kusvikira pakupera kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, magetsi akaiswa mwenje yakatenderera yemhando yekutsvaga. Nekudaro, sezvo ergonomics uye aerodynamics yemuviri yakachinja, mhinduro nyowani dzakamuka: maranzi emwenje akatenderedza haana kubvumira kuumba mitsetse yakatsetseka, yakagadziriswa mitsara yemuviri. Naizvozvo, vagadziri nevakagadziri vakatanga kuunza mafomu matsva, anokwezva asiri epasi maererano nehunhu hwakajeka uye hunhu.

Yemazuva ano headlamp inosanganisa akati wandei michina mune imwe:

• mwenje yepasi uye yakakwirira danda;
• magetsi ekupaka;
• nzira dzekuratidzira;
• Masikati Ekumhanya Mwenje.

Dhizaini imwechete inonzi block headlamp. Pamusoro pazvo, mwenje yemhute (PTF) inogona kuiswa kumberi kwemotokari, ichiona kuchengetedzeka kwekufamba munzvimbo dzisina kuoneka.

mwenje wakadhirwa

Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu emumigwagwa, akanyorova kana main beam headlamp anogona kushandiswa husiku.

Mwenje yakanyikwa inopa kuvhenekerwa kwemugwagwa 50-60 metres pamberi pemotokari. Mwenje yemwenje zvakare inojekesa bendekete rerudyi.

Dhigi rakadonhwa harifanire kukonzera kusagadzikana kune vatyairi vemota dzinouya. Kana mota yako ichipofomadza vamwe vatyairi, saka mwenje yemwenje inoda kugadziridzwa.

Maitiro maviri ekuparadzira mwenje kwerukova anotambirwa pasirese - European neAmerica. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine hunhu hwacho muchimiro nemisimboti yekuumbwa kwedanda.

Iyo fenicha mumagetsi emagetsi eAmerican mota iri zvishoma pamusoro peiyo yakatenderera ndege. Iyo inopenya inoyerera yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri, chimwe chazvo chinovhenekera mugwagwa uye nedivi remugwagwa, uye chechipiri chakanangiswa kunzira dzinouya. Kuti tidzivise mwenje kubva kune anotyaira madhiraivha, kudzika kwechiratidziro chinoumba chikamu chezasi chechiedza chechiedza chinoshanduka.

Mune mota dzeEuropean, iyo filament iri pamusoro pekutarisa kwechigadziko uye yakavharidzirwa nechakakosha skrini inodzivirira kuyerera kwechiedza kuti isvike kune yepasi hemisphere. Nekuda kwesisitimu ino, marambi emhando yeEuropean anonyanya kugadzikana kune vanouya vatyairi. Iyo inopenya flux inotungamirwa kumberi uye pasi, yakanangana nemugwagwa wepamberi pamberi pemotokari.

Yakakwirira danda mwenje

Iyo huru danda remwenje inosiyaniswa nekukwirira kwakanyanya uye kupenya kwechiedza chinoyerera, ichibvuta 200-300 metres yemugwagwa kubva murima. Inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwekuvhenekerwa kwemugwagwa. Asi inogona kushandiswa chete kana pasina dzimwe mota mumutsara wekuona pamberi pemota: kupenya kwakanyanya kupofomadza vatyairi.

Iyo inogadziridza mwenje sisitimu, iyo inoiswa seimwe yekuwedzera basa pane dzimwe mota dzazvino, inobatsira kudzikisira yakaipa mhedzisiro yedanda repamusoro.

Chiedza chemusoro

Pasinei nemhando yemwenje, pane zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvinovimbisa kushanda kwe optics.

Chiedza chechiedza

Chiedza sosi ndicho chinhu chikuru chechero mwenje. Chinhu chinonyanya kuzivikanwa pamberi pemagetsi emagetsi ndeye halogen bulbs. Sezvineiwo nguva pfupi yadarika, ivo vaikwikwidza nemwenje yexenon, uye kunyangwe gare gare - madhizaina eUS.

Reflector

Iyo inoratidzira inogadzirwa negirazi kana plastiki ine shoma shoma yealuminium guruva. Basa hombe rechinhu ndeche kuratidza mwenje inoyerera ichibva kunobva uye kuwedzera simba ravo. Vanogadzirisa uye mwenje masikirini anobatsira kutungamira iwo mwenje wechiedza munzira yakapihwa.

Zvinoenderana nehunhu hwavo, zvinoratidzira zvinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru.

1. Chirevo chekuratidzira. Iyo inonyanya kudhura sarudzo, inozivikanwa neayo static dhizaini. Mwenje ine chishandiso chakadai haigadziriswe nekushandura kupenya, kusimba uye kutungamira kwechiedza chemwenje.
2. Yemahara-fomu kuratidza. Iyo ine matunhu akati wandei ayo anoratidza iwo ega zvikamu zvechiedza danda. Chiedza mumarambi akadaro chinoramba chakamira, asi kana chakapararira, pane kurasikirwa kushoma kwechiedza. Zvakare, iwo marambi emwenje ane yemahara-fomu yekuratidzira anonyanya kusununguka kune vamwe vatyairi.
3. Iyo ellipsoidal reflector (lens optics) ndiyo inodhura kwazvo, asi panguva imwecheteyo yemhando yepamusoro sarudzo, kubvisa kurasikirwa kwechiedza uye kupenya kwevamwe vatyairi. Rukova rwemwenje rwakapararira rwunowedzerwa uchishandisa elliptical reflector, uye ndokuzodzoreredzwa kune yechipiri kutarisisa - chikamu chakakosha chinounganidza mwenje zvakare. Kubva pachipfuva, kuyerera kwakapararira kwakanangana nelenzi, iyo inounganidza mwenje, kuidimbura kana kuidzosera. Iko kusakosha kukuru kweiyo lens ndeyekuti kudzikama kwayo kunogona kuderera nekushandisa kwemota. Izvi, zvakare, zvinotungamira mukukanganisa kana kurasikirwa kwechiedza. Izvo zvinokwanisika kubvisa hurema chete nerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi lens gadziriso inoitwa mushumiro yemotokari.

Musiyano

Chiedza chinopararira mumotokari ndicho chikamu chekunze chemwenje, chakagadzirwa negirazi kana plastiki yakajeka. Padivi remukati meparutivi pane malenzi nema prism, saizi yacho inogona kusiyana kubva millimeter kusvika pamasendimita akati wandei. Basa rakakosha rechinhu ichi ndere kuchengetedza dura rechiedza kubva kune zvinofurira zvekunze, kumwaya danda nekutungamira kuyerera munzira yakapihwa. Maumbirwo akasiyana ema diffusers anobatsira kugadzirisa mafambiro echiedza.

Mhando dzezviedza zvemwenje

Mumotokari dzazvino, mhando dzinoverengeka dzemwenje dzinogona kusiyaniswa, zvinoenderana nemwenje wechiedza unoshandiswa.

Marambi emwenje

Iyo yakapusa uye inotengeka, asi yatove yechinyakare sosi marambi emwenje. Basa ravo rinopihwa neye tungsten filament iri mune isina mweya girazi girobhu. Kana voltage ikaiswa kumwenje, iyo filament inopisa uye kupenya kunotanga kubuda mairi. Nekudaro, nekugara uchishandiswa, tungsten inowanzo kubuda, iyo inozopedzisira yaunza kuputika kweiyo filament. Sezvo matekinoroji matsva achivandudzwa, mabhanduru emagetsi asingagone kumira mumakwikwi uye anga asisashandiswe mumagetsi ekuona.

Halogen marambi

Kunyangwe hazvo chokwadi chekuti mashandiro emarambi e halogen akafanana nemarambi e incandescent, hupenyu hwehupenyu hwemarambi e halogen hwakareba zvakapetwa. Mhepo inoputika halogen gasi (iodine kana bromine) inoputirwa mumwenje inobatsira kuwedzera nguva yemarambi, pamwe nekuwedzera mwenje wekuvhenekera. Iyo gasi inopindirana neatungsten maatomu pane iyo filament. Kuputika, tungsten inotenderera kuburikidza negirobhu, uyezve, ichibatana neiyo filament, zvakare inogadzikana pairi. Iyi sisitimu inowedzera hupenyu hwemwenje kusvika kumaawa chiuru kana kupfuura.

Xenon (gasi rinobuda) marambi

Mumarambi eXenon, mwenje unogadzirwa nekupisa gasi pasi pemagetsi akakwira. Zvisinei, mwenje unogona kubatidzwa uye kubatidzwa chete nerubatsiro rwezvakakosha michina, izvo zvinowedzera mutengo wakazara wema optics. Asi mitengo yacho inopembedzwa: xenon mwenje unokwanisa kugara maawa zviuru zviviri kana kudarika.

Iyo yakajairika musoro mwenje system inoshandisa bi-xenon mwenje mwenje unobatanidza yakadzika uye yakakwirira danda.

LED Light Bulbs

Ma LED ndiwo akanyanya kuitika uye anozivikanwa magetsi sosi. Hupenyu hwehupenyu hwemarambi akadaro anosvika zviuru zvitatu kana anopfuura maawa. Nesimba rakaderera simba rekushandisa, maLED anokwanisa kupa kuvhenekera kwakaringana. Marambi akadaro anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune ese ekunze uye emukati magetsi magetsi masisitimu.

Ma LED ave achishandiswa mune epamberi mwenje kubvira 2007. Kuti uve nechokwadi cheyero inodikanwa yekupenya kwechiedza, zvikamu zvinoverengeka zvezvitubu zveLED zvakaiswa mumwenje kamwechete. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mwenje yemwenje inogona kusanganisira anosvika maviri kana matatu emakumi maLED.

Zviitiko zvitsva

Izvo zvinokwanisika kuti mune ramangwana magetsi emagetsi emazuva ano achasimudzwa nezvinoitika zvitsva. Semuenzaniso, laser mwenje mwenje inyanzvi yehunyanzvi, iyo yakatanga kushandiswa muBMW i8. Musoro wemwenje unoshandisa laser senzvimbo yekuvhenekera, iyo inopenya pane iyo phosphor-yakavharwa lens. Mhedzisiro yacho kupenya kwakapenya, kunotungamirwa neanoratidzira munzira.

Upenyu hweLaser hwakaenzana nemaLED, asi kupenya uye simba rekushandisa zviri nani.

Mutengo weiyi seti yemalights emalasi anotanga kubva ku10 euros. Uyu mutengo unofananidzwa nemutengo webhajeti mota.

Imwe budiriro yemazuva ano matrix mwenje unobva pane mwenje mwenje weLED. Zvichienderana nemamiriro emigwagwa, mota inogona kugadzirisa otomatiki mashandiro echikamu chimwe nechimwe chema LED zvakasiyana. Aya marongero anobatsira kuona mwenje wakanakisa kunyangwe mumamiriro akaoma ekusaonekwa zvakanaka.

Nzira dzekudzora mwenje wemusoro

Maitiro emarambi epamberi anovhenekwa mumota zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa, modhi nemidziyo yemota. Mukusarudza bhajeti, nzira yekushandisa yekudzora optics inopihwa. Mutyairi anoshandisa switch yakatsaurirwa iyo inogona kuiswa pasi pechairi kana padheshibhodhi.

Mune mamodheru emazuva ano uye anodhura, pane chishandiso chinongobatidza mwenje pasi pemamwe mamiriro. Semuenzaniso, Optics inogona kutanga kushanda panguva iyo injini yatanga. Dzimwe nguva chigadziriso chemwenje chinosanganiswa neinonzwa mvura kana zvinhu zvakasarudzika zvinoita kune mwenje mwenje.

Sezvazvakaita nezvimwe zvinhu zvemota, iwo marambi emwenje ari kuramba achivandudzwa. Ivo vanowana kwete chete yakajeka uye tekinoroji dhizaini, asi yakavandudzwa mwenje hunhu. Nekudaro, basa hombe remwenje rinoramba risina kuchinja uye ndere kuona kuchengetedzeka kwemutyairi, vafambi vake nevamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa murima.