Iyo chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo "kutanga-kumisa" system

Mumaguta makuru, kuzara kwemotokari kwave kuita hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevatyairi. Kunyange mota iri mukumanikidza kwemotokari, injini inoramba ichingoita usimbe uye ichidya mafuta. Kuti kuderedze kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kusvibiswa, vagadziri vemotokari vakagadzira iyo nyowani "yekutanga-kumira" system. Vagadziri vanotaura pamwe chete nezve mabhenefiti eiri basa. Muchokwadi, iyo system ine zvakawanda zvakaipa.

Nhoroondo yekutanga-yekumira system

Pakatarisana nekukwira kwemitengo yepeturu nedhiziri, nyaya yekuchengetedza mafuta uye kudzikisa mashandisiro inoramba yakakosha kune vakawanda vatyairi. Panguva imwecheteyo, kufamba mukati meguta kunogara kuchingobatanidzwa nekumira kwakazara pamarobhoti, kazhinji nekumirira mumigwagwa yemigwagwa. Statistics dzinoti: injini yemotokari chero ipi inomhanya isina basa kusvika pamakumi matatu muzana yenguva. Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kubuda kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza mumhepo. Dambudziko kune vagadziri vemotokari kuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.

Zvekutanga zviitiko zvekuvandudza mashandiro emota dzemotokari zvakatangwa neToyota pakati-70s yezana ramakore rapfuura. Sekuyedza, mugadziri akatanga kuisa michina pane imwe yemhando dzayo inodzima mota mushure memaminetsi maviri ekusaita. Asi iyo system haina kubata.

Makumi mashoma emakore akatevera, iyo French inonetsekana neCitroen yakatanga kushandisa chishandiso chekutanga cheStart Stop, icho zvishoma nezvishoma chakatanga kuiswa pamota dzekugadzira. Pakutanga, ivo chete vakapakata mota yehybrid injini, asi zvakazotanga kushandiswa mumotokari ine injini yakajairwa.

Mhedzisiro inonyanya kukosha yakaitwa naBosh. Iyo yekutanga-yekumira sisitimu inogadzirwa neiyi inogadzira ndiyo yakapusa uye yakavimbika. Nhasi yakaiswa pamotokari dzavo neVolkswagen, BMW uye Audi. Vagadziri veiyo michina vanoti chishandiso chinogona kudzikisa kushandiswa kwemafuta ne8%. Nekudaro, iwo chaiwo manhamba akaderera zvakanyanya: mukufamba kwekuyedza zvakaonekwa kuti mafuta ekushandisa anoderedzwa ne4% chete mukushandiswa kwemazuva ese kwemadhorobha.

Vazhinji vagadziri vezvigadzirwa vakagadzirawo yavo yakasarudzika mira uye vatange nzira dzeinjini. Izvi zvinosanganisira masisitimu:

• ISG (Idle Stop & Go) от Kia;
• STARS (Starter Alternator Reversible System), yakaiswa paMercedes neCitroen mota;
• SISS (Smart Idle Stop System) yakagadzirwa naMazda.

Mashandiro anoita mudziyo

Basa hombe re "kutanga-kumisa" sisitimu kudzikisa kushandiswa kwemafuta, mwero weruzha uye kubuda kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza mumhepo apo injini iri kuita idle. Kune izvi zvinangwa, otomatiki injini yekudzima inopihwa. Chiratidzo cheichi chinogona kuva:

• kumira kwakazara kwemotokari;
• kwazvakarerekera chinzvimbo cheiyo giya yekusarudza lever uye kusunungurwa kweiyo clutch pedal (yemota ine manual transmission);
• kudzvanya bhureki rekumedura (remotokari dzine otomatiki kutapurirana).

Ipo injini ichivharwa, zvese zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvinoshandiswa nebhatiri.

Mushure mekutanga zvakare injini, mota inotanga chinyararire uye ichienderera mberi nerwendo.

• Mumotokari ine hutachiona hwechinyorwa, iyo michina inotangisa injini kana iyo clutch pedal yakaora mwoyo.
• Injini iri mumotokari ine otomatiki hutachiona inotanga kushanda zvakare mushure mekunge mutyairi abvisa rutsoka rwake pabhureki rekumedura.

Chishandiso che "kutanga-kumira" mashandiro

Dhizaini yeiyo "yekutanga-mira" sisitimu ine yemagetsi kudzora uye chishandiso chinopa kuwanda kutanga kweyemukati kupisa injini Iyo yekupedzisira inowanzo shandiswa:

• Starter yakasimbiswa;
• reversible jenareta (starter-jenareta).

Semuenzaniso, Bosh yekutanga-yekumira system inoshandisa yakakosha-refu-hupenyu yekutanga. Iyo sisitimu yakatanga kugadzirirwa nhamba hombe yeICE inotanga uye ine yakasimbiswa dhizaini dhiraivhu, iyo inovimbisa yakavimbika, inokurumidza uye yakanyarara injini kutanga.

Mabasa e-hurumende anosanganisira:

• kumira nenguva uye kutanga kweinjini;
• kugara uchitarisisa bhatiri reji.

Zvayakarongeka, iyo sisitimu ine maseru, inodzora unit uye vanoita. Izvo zvishandiso zvinotumira mameseji kuchikamu chekutonga zvinosanganisira maseru:

• kutenderera kwevhiri;
• crankshaft kumukira;
• kudzvanya brake kana batira chitiviri;
• kwazvakarerekera chinzvimbo mubhokisi regear (chete rekutapurirana nemaoko);
• kubhadharisa bhatiri, nezvimwe.

Injini inodzora unit pamwe ne software yakaiswa mune yekutanga-yekumisa system inoshandiswa senge mudziyo unogashira masaiti kubva kuma sensors. Iwo mabasa emaitiro makuru anoitwa ne:

• jekiseni system majekiseni;
• kuvesa coils;
• kutanga.

Iwe unogona kugonesa uye kudzima iyo yekutanga-yekumira system uchishandisa bhatani riri pane yechiridzwa paneli kana mune mota marongero. Nekudaro, kana bhatiri bhajeti isina kukwana, iyo michina ichavharwa otomatiki. Pakangotanga bhatiri kubhadhariswa kumari chaiyo, injini kutanga uye kumira system ichatanga kushanda zvakare.

"Kutanga-mira" nekupora

Iko kusimudzira kwazvino ndiko kutanga-kumisa system ine simba rekudzoreredza panguva yekumira. Iine mutoro unorema pane injini yemoto yemukati, jenareta inodzimwa kuitira kuchengetedza mafuta. Parizvino mabhureki, mashini anotanga kushanda zvakare, semhedzisiro yebhatiri. Aya ndiwo mashandiro anoita simba.

Chinhu chakasarudzika cheaya masisitimu ndiko kushandisa jenareta inodzoserwa, iyo zvakare inokwanisa kushanda sekutanga.

Iyo inogadziridza yekutanga-yekumira sisitimu inogona kushanda kana bhatiri raji iri ingangoita 75%.

Kushaya simba kwekusimudzira

Zvisinei nezvakanaka zviri pachena zvekushandisa "kutanga-kumisa" system, michina ine zvipingaidzo zvakakosha izvo zvinofanirwa kutariswa nevaridzi vemota.

• Mutoro unorema pabhatiri. Mota dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzerwa nenhamba hombe yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zvekuti kushanda kwayo, kana injini ikamiswa, bhatiri rinofanirwa kuve nebasa. Mutoro unorema wakadaro haubatsire bhatiri uye nekukurumidza unoiparadza.
• Kukuvadza kune injini dzinotakurika. Kugara nekudzima kamwe kamwe kweinjini ine turbine inopisa hakugamuchirwe. Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti mota dzamazuvano dzine turbine dzakashongedzerwa nebhora-rinotakura turbocharger, ivo vanongoderedza njodzi yekupisa turbine kana injini ikangoerekana yadzimwa, asi usazvibvise zvachose. Naizvozvo, zviri nani kuti varidzi vemota dzakadai vasiye kushandiswa kwe "kutanga-kumira" system.
• Injini huru inopfeka. Kunyangwe kana mota isina turbine, kusimba kweinjini iyo inotanga panomira pese kunogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya.

Tichifunga nezvezvakanaka nezvayakaipira kushandisa yekutanga-yekumira system, wega muridzi wemota anozvisarudzira kana zvakakodzera kuchengetedza huwandu husina kukosha hwemafuta kana kuti zviri nani kutarisira basa rakavimbika uye rakasimba reinjini, ichisiya kuita zvisina basa.