Zvokuimba kutapurirana mudziyo

Manyorerwo ekufambisa haana kujairika mumotokari sezvaaimboita, asi izvi hazvivatadzise kuve mukuda uye kwakakodzera. Rudzi urwu rwekutapurirana runosarudzwa nevaya vatyairi vanofarira kudzora maitiro ekuchinjisa kumusoro kana pasi magiya. Kune vatyairi vazhinji, rwendo urwu harunakidze kana mota yakashongedzerwa ne otomatiki kana tiptronic.

Chinyorwa kutapurirana kwakafanana nekuvimbika uye zvichiri kudiwa nekuda kwekuchengetedza uye nyore kwechigadzirwa. Nekudaro, vashoma vanhu vanoziva kuti ichi chigadzirwa chii, chinoshanda sei. Tinokurudzira kuti uzvizive ne "mechanics" zvakanyanya uye unzwisise musimboti wekutapurirana.

Ainoita

Kugadziriswa kwemuchina kunodiwa kuti uchinje torque uye nekuchinjisa kubva kunjini inopisa yemukati kuenda kumavhiri. Iyo torque inouya kubva kuinjini inopihwa kune iyo gearbox yekuisa shaft uchishandisa clutch pedal. Nekuda kweizvi, inoshandurwa neyakafambiswa mapara maviri emahara (nhanho) uye inopfuudzwa yakanangana nemavhiri emota.

Ese magiya maviri ane avo giya reshiyo, inova inokonzeresa huwandu hweshanduko uye kupihwa torque kubva kuinjini crankshaft kusvika kumavhiri. Kuwedzera kwe torque nekutapurirana kunokonzera kuderera kwe crankshaft kumhanya. Pakuderera, zvinopesana ichokwadi.
Usati wachinja magiya mubhokisi remanyowani echinyorwa, kusvina bhaudhi remubato kunodiwa kudzikamisa kuyerera kwesimba kubva mukati meinjini yemoto. Kutanga kwekufamba kwemotokari kunogara kuchiitika kubva padanho rekutanga (kunze kwemarori), uye kuwedzera kunotevera kwegear kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma, pamwe nekuchinja kwakateedzana kwematanho ebhokisi remagetsi kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro. Iyo nguva yekuzvishandura pachayo inotsanangurwa nekumhanyisa kwemota uye nezviratidziro zvemidziyo: tachometer uye inomhanyisa.

Izvo zvakakosha zvinhu zveyuniti

Izvo zvakakosha zvinhu zvebhokisheni bhokisi ndezvi:

• Batira. Iyi nzira inokutendera kuti ubvise zvakachengeteka shaft yekuisa yebhokisi kubva pakutenderera crankshaft... Iyo yakasungirirwa kune injini flywheel uye inoumbwa nemadhisiki maviri mune imwechete block (batira tswanda). Kana iwe ukadzvanya bhaira rekubatira, ma disc aya anodamburwa, uye kutenderera kweiyo gearbox shaft inomira. Izvi zvinobvumira kufambisa kuchinjirwa kune iro rinodiwa giya. Kana iyo pedal yaburitswa, iyo torque kubva kune crankshaft kuenda kune flywheel inoenda kune clutch cover, wozoenda kune yekumanikidza ndiro uye inoenda kune inotyairwa ndiro. Dhiraivha shaft yebhokisi inoiswa mukati mehubhu redhishu rinotyairwa uchishandisa chakabatidzwa kubatana. Uyezve, kutenderera kunoendeswa kumagiya, ayo anosarudzwa nemutyairi achishandisa giya rehigi.

• Matanda nemagiya. Zvinhu izvi zvinowanikwa mune chero kufambiswa. Chinangwa chavo kuendesa torque kubva kumota kuenda kusiyanisa, chinjana nyaya kana pa makadhi, pamwe nekushandura kukurumidza kwekutenderera kwemavhiri emotokari. Seti yemagiya inopa yakavimbika kubata kweshafts, kuitira kuti masimba emagetsi emota aendeswe kumavhiri ekutyaira. Imwe mhando yegiya inogadziriswa pamashafts (semuenzaniso, bhuroka yepakati magiya, ayo anogadzirwa sechimedu chimwe chete chine chepakati shaft), imwe yacho inofambiswa (semuenzaniso, inotsvedza, iyo yakaiswa pane inobuda shaft) . Kuti uderedze ruzha panguva yekushanda kwebhokisi regiya, magiya anogadzirwa nemazino oblique.

• Synchronizers. Maumbirwo ezvikamu izvi anovimbisa kuenzana kweyekutenderera kumhanya kweakazvimiririra miseve. Mushure mekutenderera kweiyo yekuisa uye yekuburitsa shafts yakawiriraniswa, iyo lockup clutch inosunganidzwa kune yekufambisa giya uchishandisa spline kubatana. Mashini akadaro haabatanidzi zvinotyisa kana uchimhanyisa kumhanya, pamwe nekupfeka kusati kwasvika kwemagiya akabatana.

Mufananidzo wacho unoratidza imwe yesarudzo dzeyemagetsi bhokisi muchikamu:

Mhando dzekutumira manyore

Chinyorwa chekutakurisa chishandiso ndeche mhando dzinoverengeka. Zvichienderana nenhamba yakavakirwa-mukati miseve, mutsauko unoitwa pakati pe:

• mbiri-shaft (yakaiswa pane vafambi nemotokari pamberi-vhiri);
• matatu-shaft (anoshandiswa kumashure-vhiri dhiraivha uye kutakura zvinhu).

Zvinoenderana nenhamba yematanho (magiya), yekutarisa ndeye 4, 5 uye 6 kumhanya.

Zvokuimba kutapurirana mudziyo

Dhizaini yekufambisa kwekushandisa inosanganisira izvo zvinotevera zvinhu:

1. Crankcase ine huru yekufambisa zvikamu.
2. Shafts: yekutanga, yechipiri, yepakati uye yekuwedzera (yekudzosera kumashure).
3. Synchronizer. Iye ndiye ane mhosva yekushayikwa kwejerks uye kumhanya kwakanyarara kwegearbox zvinhu kana uchichinja magiya.
4. Nzira yekuchinja magiya, kusanganisira kukiya nekukiya zvinhu.
5. Shift lever (iri mune yevatakurwi mupanda).

Dhiramu iri pazasi rinobatsira kuti unzwisise zvakadzama chimiro chechinyorwa chekufambisa: Nhamba 1 inoratidza iko kwekutanga shaft, nhamba 2 inoratidza lever yekuchinja magiya mugearbox. Iyo nhamba 3 inoratidza yekushandura mashandiro pachayo. 4, 5 uye 6 - kune yechipiri shaft, dhonza plug uye yepakati shaft, zvichiteerana. Uye iyo nhamba 7 inomiririra crankcase.
Zvakakosha kufunga kuti kutapurirana kwematatu-shaft uye maviri-shaft mhando kwakasiyana zvachose kubva kune imwe kune imwe muchimiro uye musimboti wekushanda.

Twin-shaft gearbox: dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda

Mukutapurirana kwakadaro, torque inopihwa kubva mukati meinjini yekutsva kuenda kune shaft yekuisa nekuda kweiyo iripo batira. Iyo shaft giya, iri munzvimbo imwechete sema synchronizers, inogara ichitenderedza kutenderera axis. Iyo torque kubva kune yechipiri shaft inopfuudzwa kuburikidza neiyo huru giya uye musiyano (inokonzeresa kutenderera kwemavhiri ane akasiyana angular kumhanya) akananga kumavhiri emota. Shaft inotyairwa ine giya rakachengetedzwa rakachengetedzwa. Iyo giya yekuchinja mashandiro iri mune yemuviri chikamu chebhokisi uye inosanganisira maforogo nematanda anoshandiswa kuchinja chinzvimbo cheiyo synchronizer batira. Kuti uite reverse gear, shaft yekuwedzera ine yakavakirwa-mukati yepakati giya inoshandiswa.

Nhatu-shaft gearbox: mudziyo uye musimboti wekushanda

Iyo matatu-shaft mehendi yekuparadzira inosiyana neye yapfuura nekuvapo kwe3 inoshanda shafts. Kuwedzera kune kutyaira uye kutyaira miseve, kune zvakare yepakati mugodhi. Iwo ekutanga anoshanda ari tandem ne clutch uye ane basa rekutumira torque kune yepakati shaft kuburikidza inoenderana giya. Nekuda kweichi dhizaini dhizaini, ese matatu shafts ari mune anogara ari mesh. Nzvimbo yepakati yepakati maererano neyekutanga yakafanana (zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa magiya munzvimbo imwechete). Izvo zvakasarudzika zvechimiro chemakaniki bhokisi zvinoreva kuvepo kwemiseve miviri pa1 axis: yechipiri uye yekutanga. Magiya eiyo shaft inotyairwa anokwanisa kutenderera zvakasununguka, nekuti ivo havana kuomarara. Shanduko mashandiro ari pano pane muviri wegearbox. Iyo yakagadzirirwa tambo yekudzora, stem uye forogo.

Ndezvipi zvikanganiso?

Kazhinji, kutapurirana kwemaoko kunodonha kana mutyairi achinge achinja magiya. Kana uchichinjisa giya kubva kune rimwe uchienda kune rimwe nekukosha kufamba, hazvizoite kudzivirira kuputsa. Iyi tsika yekushandisa giya rinotungamira mukuparara kweiyo gearshift mashandiro uye ma synchronizers.

Zvakanakira nekuipira kwekutarisa

Kana zvichikwanisika kushandisa michina ine hunhu hwakasiyana, vatyairi vanowanzoenzanisa avo zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Iyo yemakaniki bhokisi zvakare ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira.

Izvo zvakanakira zvinosanganisira:

• Kurema kushoma uye kudhura zvichienzaniswa ne otomatiki kutapurirana;
• inobvumira mutyairi kudzora nguva pakati pegear shanduko, achiwedzera masimba panguva yekumhanyisa;
• neunyanzvi hwekushandisa, mutyairi anogona kudzikisa kushandiswa kwemafuta;
• kunyatsoshanda;
• dhizaini iri nyore, nekuda kwekuti iyo mashini inovimbika kwazvo;
• nyore kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa pane otomatiki vamwe;
• kana uchityaira-munzira, zviri nyore kusarudza yakakodzera modhi iri nyore kune injini;
• hunyanzvi hwekutyaira mota ine huturu hwekutakura hunopihwa kumwe kusimbisa kana uchidzidzisa madhiraivha matsva. Mune dzimwe nyika, kodzero dzevatsva dzinoratidzwa "vasina kodzero yekutyaira mota ine huturu hwekutakura" kana vakapasa vachityaira mumota ine otomatiki hutachiona. Mukana wekudzidziswa pa "mechanics" anotenderwa kutyaira mota dzakasiyana dzeboka rinoenderana;
• unogona kudhonza mota. Mota inogona kudhonzwa otomatiki, chete mune iyi nyaya pane zvimwe zvinorambidzwa.

Kukanganisa kwema mechanics:

• kune vanoda nyaradzo uye avo vaneta nekugara vachiona giya razvino, sarudzo yakanakisa ndeyekuzvitumira;
• Inoda kutsiva clutch kutsiva;
• yekuchinja kwakatsetseka, humwe hunyanzvi hunodiwa (iyo otomatiki analogo inopa kumhanyisa pasina majeki uye dhipi).

Kukweva mota zvese zvinobatsira uye zvinokanganisa. Iko kusagadzikana kwekusununguka kwemotokari yemotokari ndeyokuti zviri nyore kuba. Asi kana mota ikasatanga nekuda kwebhatiri rakafa (isu takateerera mimhanzi kupikiniki kwenguva yakareba), saka inogona kutanga nekumhanyisa pakumhanya kwese kwese uye kuita giya. Muchiitiko ichi, torque inoenda nenzira yakatarisana - kubva kumavhiri kuenda kune mota, ichifananidza mashandiro eanotanga. Uku ndiko kuwedzera kwema mechanics.

Nemazhinji "otomatiki michina" izvi hazvishande, nekuti clutch discs inotsimbirirwa kune mumwe nemumwe nekuda kwekumanikidza kwepombi yemafuta inoshanda kana injini ichimhanya. Munguva yekutenderera kwemavhiri mumhando zhinji, iro giya bhokisi rinoshanda, saka kusunda mota kwakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura mota iri pa "makanika". Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemafuta emagetsi, auto makanika haakurudzire kudhonza mota nekuzvitakura otomatiki pamusoro penzvimbo refu

Sezvauri kuona, chinyorwa chekufambisa chinhu chakabatana, pasina iyo mota isingaende, chero injini injini. "Mechanics" inobvumidza iwe kusarudza iyo yekumhanyisa modhi yemota iwe pachako, uchisvina simba rakanyanya kubva mumota. Iyo yakachipa uye yakapusa pane otomatiki kutapurirana, kunyange iri yakanyanya kuderera kune iyo "otomatiki" mukunyaradza uchityaira.

Mibvunzo yakajairika:

Chii chinonzi bhuku rekufambisa? Chinyorwa kutapurirana iri giya iro kusarudzwa kwekumhanyisa kunoitwa zvizere nemutyairi. Panyaya iyi, ruzivo rwemutyairi uye kunzwisisa kwake mashandiro egearshift mashandiro anoita basa rakakosha.

Chii chinonzi gearbox rakagadzirwa? Iyo yekudhinda manyore ine clutch dengu iyo inosangana kune iyo flywheel uye yekuisa shaft; yepakati uye yechipiri miseve ine magiya; chinja mashini uye chinja lever. Uyezve, shaft ine reverse giya yakaiswa.

Giya bhokisi riri kupi mumotokari? Mumota, kufambisa manyorerwo kunogara kuri pedyo neinjini. Kumashure-mavhiri ekutyaira mota ane ehurefu bhokisi rakarongedzwa, uye kumberi-vhiri kutyaira mota ane akachinjika kurongeka.