Test drive matatu-lita dizeli injini BMW
Zviri mukati
Iyo BMW mu-mutsara matanhatu-humburumbira matatu-litre dhiziri injini inowanikwa kubva 258 kusvika 381 hp. Alpina inowedzera dudziro yayo hp mazana matatu pamusanganiswa uyu. Iwe unofanirwa here kuisa mari kune vane simba vanoongorora kana kuita pragmatically neine pundutso yepasi vhezheni?
Matatu-litre turbodiesel ane mana akasiyana mazinga emagetsi - pakutanga kuona, zvese zvinoratidzika zvakajeka. Uku kungangove kuisirwa zvemagetsi chete, uye misiyano ingori mumunda we microprocessor control. Kwete saizvozvo! Izvi hazvina kudaro, kana chete nekuti tiri kutaura nezve akasiyana tekinoroji mhinduro mumunda we turbocharging masisitimu. Uye zvechokwadi, kwete mavari chete. Muchiitiko ichi, mibvunzo yakati wandei inomuka: haisi iyo 530d ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo here? Kana iyo 535d haisi iyo yakanakisa musanganiswa wemhando uye mutengo? Wadii kutarisa pane yakaoma uye ine simba asi inodhura Alpina D5 kubva kuBuchloe kana zvakananga paMunich's flagship M550d?
Kunze kwekusiyana kwesimba uye torque, isu tinofanirwa kuwedzera kumaakaundi mutsauko we67 leva pakati pemhando inobatsira kwazvo uye inodhura kwazvo. 000d ine 530 hp ine mutengo wepasi we258 96 leva, 780 pence (535 hp) inodhura 313 15 leva yakawanda. Izvi zvinoteverwa nekusvetuka kwakanyanya kwemari kune M 320d uye 550 leva, uye mune yeAlpina mutengo wemitengo tinowana yepakati modhi ine 163 hp. kwemamiriyoni 750.
Fekitori mhinduro
Kunyangwe iri iyo ine simba shoma, iyo 530d musiyano ine 560 Nm torque inopawo kusvetuka kwesimba musimba, iyo inofambidzana nekunonoka kushoma mumhepo kuyerera mhinduro. Izvi hazvishamise, nekuti Garrett turbocharger yakakura ine geometry inoshanduka (VTG), mune inoiswa seyese-senge kuyerera blade kunoiswa munzira yekupera magasi. Zvichienderana nezvakakoromoka zvakaumbika pakati pavo, izvo zvemagetsi zvinodzora zvinoenderana nemutoro uye nekumhanyisa, kuyerera kunowedzeredzwa kusvika padanho rakakura kana shoma, zvichipa kukurumidza kupindura kweturbine, kunyangwe iri saizi yakakura uye simba. Nekudaro, yekumhanyisa yekumhanyisa inosanganiswa neiyo yakanyanya kukamanikidzwa mweya kumanikidza (1,8 bhaa).
Ose ari mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nevanin'ina vavo vane aluminium crankcase. Muchikamu chine simba kwazvo, kumanikidza kwejekiseni yemafuta kwakawedzerwa kubva pa530 kusvika ku535 bar uye system yekuchaja ikozvino ine maviri turbocharger. Pazasi rpms, iyo diki turbocharger (ine VTG kusiyanisa geometry) inozadza injini nepo mhepo nyowani iyo yainogamuchira ichiri chikamu chakatsikirirwa neiyo hombe. Zvichakadaro, vharuvhu inopfuura inotanga kuvhurika, ichibvumira mamwe magasi kuyerera akananga mukati meiyi huru turbocharger. Mushure menguva yekushandurwa, panguva iyo mauniti ese ari maviri anoshanda, hombe inotora basa rekuzadza, ichibvisa diki.
Iyo yakanyanya kumanikidza mune ino sisitimu 2,25 bar, iyo hombe compressor iri chaiyo yepasi yekumanikidza mhando ine yayo 2,15 bar, nepo diki diki, yakagadzirirwa kugadzira yakakwira kumanikidza, ine basa rekupa mweya kuti upindure mhinduro kune yakaderera kumhanya uye inogara ichitambira pre-yakadzvanywa mweya kubva kune hombe compressor.
Mune dzidziso, iyo 535d inofanira kupindura nekukurumidza kupfuura iyo 530d pakazara throttle uye ibudirire nekukurumidza torque ramp. Nekudaro, zviyero zvakatorwa nemotokari mota uye zvemitambo penda mufananidzo wakasiyana. Kune anotanga kusvika 80 km / h, injini isina kusimba inomhanyisa nekukurumidza (3,9 maringe ne4,0 masekondi), asi pakati pe80 ne100 km / h, iyo 535d yatovhura simba rizere uye iri pamberi pe530d. Ultra-chaiyo zviyero nekumhanyisa kwe1000 rpm mune yechishanu giya inoratidza kuti pakutanga mota ine injini isina kusimba inowana hama yayo ine simba uye mushure memasekondi 1,5 chete iyo ine simba inosvika pakumhanya kwayo (pano tiri kutaura nezvekuwedzera kubva pa2 kusvika ku3 km / h) uye inoitora, ichishandisa mukana wayo wepamusoro torque ye630 Nm.
Imwe pfungwa yekuona
Iyo Alpina D5 inogara mune ino nhete nhanho pakati pemhando mbiri idzi, asi zvakazara iyo Buchloe ine yakanyanya kuita mashandisirwo maererano neyepakati kumhanyisa mumiedzo. Nei izvi zvakadaro? Alpina inoshandisa injini inokwikwidza 535d, asi mainjiniya ekambani akagadzirisa huwandu hwese hwekudya kuti upe mhepo yekuzadza masilinda. Iyo nyowani sisitimu ine yakawedzera pombi dhayamita uye yakagadziriswa radius ye curvature inoderedza mweya kuyerera kuramba ne30 muzana. Nekudaro, injini inofema zvakasununguka, uye mweya wakawanda unoita kuti zvikwanise kubaya mafuta edhiziri akawanda uye, chokwadika, kuwedzera simba.
Sezvo Alpina crankcase isina kusimbiswa senge M 550d, mainjiniya ekambani akawedzera kumanikidza kwekuzadza ne 0,3 bar chete. Izvi, pamwe chete nemamwe matanho ekuwedzera simba, zvakadaro zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwekupedza gasi tembiricha nemadhigirii makumi mashanu, ndosaka mapaipi ekudzimisa akagadzirwa nesimbi inopisa D50S simbi.
Iyo turbocharger system pachayo inoramba isina kuchinja. Kune rimwe divi, sezvambotaurwa, maturakiti ekudyira uye ekudzimisa akagadziridzwa uye saizi inotonhorera yakawedzerwa. Iyo yekupedzisira, zvisinei, yakachengeta musimboti wekutonhora kwemhepo uye, kusiyana neyakaomesesa mvura inotonhorera M 550d, haifanire kushandisa rakasiyana dunhu remvura.
Pamusoro
Modhi yedhiziri yepamusoro yekambani yeBavaria ndiyo chete inowanikwa seyakajairwa ne-all-wheel drive, pamwe neyakasiyana-siyana yekuwedzera mafuta ine maturbocharger matatu. Nguva pfupi yapera, turbocharger diki (VTG) inotora uye hombe (hapana VTG) inopa simba panguva inosvika 1500rpm, ichitevera 535d's cascade musimboti - panosvika 2700rpm, vharafu inotsausa mamwe magasi kune hombe turbocharger. Musiyano kubva kune maviri-block system ndewekuti chetatu, zvakare diki, turbocharger inovakwa mune ino bypass mutsara.
Iyo data painjini iyi inotaura pachayo - 381 hp. kugara padanho iri kubva pa4000 kusvika 4400 rpm zvinoreva rita re127 hp. 740 Nm ye torque inopa yakanakisa traction, uye rev modhi inosvika 5400 rpm, ichifamba mune yakajairika modes yeinjini yepeturu. Hapana imwe injini yedhiziri ine yakakura kudaro yekushanda siyana ichichengetedza yakakwira mwero wekudhonza.
Zvikonzero zveiyi nhema muhukuru hwetekinoroji yeinjini iyi - kwete chete crankcase, crankshaft uye matanda ekubatanidza zvakasimbiswa, izvo zvinofanirwa kumirisana nekuwedzera kwekushandisa kumanikidza kubva 535 kusvika 185 bar kana ichienzaniswa ne200d. Iyo yekumanikidza jekiseni remafuta yakawedzerawo kusvika 2200 bar uye yakaomesesa yekutenderera kwemvura system inotonhodza mweya wakamanikidzwa. Zvose izvi zvinoguma nekuita kwakasiyana-siyana maererano nemasimba ane simba - iyo M 550d inomhanya kubva pakamira kusvika ku100 km / h mumasekonzi mashanu uye mune imwe 15,1 kusvika 200 km / h. Zvisinei, kusikwa kweAlpina hakusi kure shure, kuratidza izvozvo kunyatsokwenenzvera maviri-unit cascade system zvakare ine zvakawanda zvinogoneka. Ehe, maererano nedata rakachena, iyo Alpina D5 inosara kuseri kweM 550d, asi injini yayo inofanirwa kubata huremu hushoma (120 kg) - chokwadi chinotsanangura kukwirisa kwakanyanya.
Kuenzanisa chaiko
Saizvozvo, isu tiri kutaura nezve ine simba shoma, asi yakachipa zvakanyanya 535d inorova 200 km / h munguva inenge yakafanana nevakwikwidzi vayo vekumba. Kunyange misiyano mikuru inogona kuwanikwa mukuita kwemotokari. Throttle retardation, iyo inowanzo dudzirwa se turbo hole, yakakwirira pane 535d uye yakaderera paM 550d. Kuvandudzwa kwakakura kwehunyanzvi kwakanganisa pano - asi hapana imwe tekinoroji yakadaro munyika.
Nekudaro, zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinobuda zvakare - kana ichimhanyisa kusvika ku80 km / h, iyo 530d inobata imwe ine simba ine makumi mashanu hp. 50d. Iyo yekupedzisira inozotorazve hutungamiriri, asi neavhareji yemafuta ekushandisa inoshuma yakawanda parita. Iyo Alpina ndimambo maererano nekunyungudika - kukurumidza kuwedzera kwe torque uye huremu huremu kana ichienzaniswa neM 535d inopa mukana wakakura.
Kana iwe ukatarisa kune data rekuita kwemugwagwa, uchaona kuti kunyangwe uchienzaniswa neayo ane simba, iyo 530d haina kushata. Kuita kwayo maererano nekukwira kwepakati kwakadzikira, asi izvi zvinonzwisisika, zvichipihwa iyo huru huru yekufambisa, iyo, zvisinei, inopa mukana mukushandiswa kwemafuta kana uchityaira nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Nekudaro, iyi yekumisikidza haizove dambudziko rine simba, nekuti kana pakaitika kuvhurika kamwe kamwe kweiyo throttle, iyo yakakodzera sere-yekumhanya yekufambisa inobata nekukurumidza uye inobvumira kukurumidza kukurumidza. Makore mashoma apfuura, iine 258 hp. Iyo 530d inogona kunge iri mureza weiyo dhiziri mutsetse. Nekudaro, iyi vhezheni ikozvino iri pamusoro peimwe chiratidzo - sekurudziro yedu mukuenzanisa uku.
chinyorwa: Markus Peters
ruzivo rwehunyanzvi
| Alpina D5 BiTurbo | Bmw 530d | Bmw 535d | BMW M550d xDrive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kushanda vhoriyamu | - | - | - | - |
| Simba rekushandisa | 350 ks pa4000 rpm | 258 ks pa4000 rpm | 313 ks pa4400 rpm | 381 ks pa4000 rpm |
| Maximum torque | - | - | - | - |
| Kukurumidza 0-100 km / h | 5,2 s | 5,9 s | 5,6 s | 5,0 s |
| Braking marefu pakumhanya kwe100 km / h | - | - | - | - |
| Maximum speed | 275 km / h | 250 km / h | 250 km / h | 250 km / h |
| Avhareji yekushandisa mafuta mumuedzo | 10,3 l | 8,3 l | 9,4 l | 11,2 l |
| Mutengo wepasi | 70 euros | 96 780 levov | 112 100 levov | 163 750 levov |
