Mota Braking Kure: Zvese zvaunoda Kuti Uzive

Fungidzira kuti tsaona shoma sei dzingavapo kudai motokari dzaigona kumira pakarepo. Nehurombo, iyo yekutanga mitemo yefizikisi inoti izvi hazvigoneke. Chinhambwe chebhureki hachikwanisi kuenzana nemamita 0.

Iro tsika kune vagadziri vemota "kuzvirumbidza" nezvechimwe chiratidzo: kumhanyisa mhanyisa kusvika ku100 km / h. Ehezve, izvi zvakare zvakakosha. Asi zvingave zvakanaka kuziva kuti mangani mamaira iyo mabhureki anotambanuka. Mushure mezvose, zvakasiyana nemota dzakasiyana. 

Muchikamu chino, isu tinokuudza izvo mutyairi wese zvaanoda kuziva nezvekumisa madaro kuitira kuti ugare wakachengeteka panzira. Sungai upfu uye ngatiende!

Chii chinomira chinhambwe chemota?

Iyo braking daro ndiyo nhambwe inofambwa nemotokari mushure mekumisikidza braking system kusvika pakumisa kwakazara. Iyi ingori paramende yehunyanzvi iyo, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu, kuchengetedzwa kwemotokari kunoonekwa. Iyi paramende haisanganisi mutyairi kuita kumhanya.

Iko kusanganiswa kwekuita kwemutyairi kune emergency uye chinhambwe kubva pakutanga kwekumisa mabhureki (mutyairi akatsimbirira chitiviri) kusvika pekumira kwakazara kwemotokari inonzi yekumira daro.

Chii chinonzi braking distance

Mitemo yemumigwagwa inoratidza maparamende akakosha anorambidzwa kushanda kwemotokari. Iyo yakanyanya miganho ndeiyi:

Yekufambisa mhando:	Braking daro, m
Mudhudhudhu / moped	7,5
Imotokari	14,7
Bhazi / rori inorema kusvika matani gumi nemaviri	18,3
Rori inorema anopfuura matani gumi nemaviri	19,5

Sezvo nzvimbo yekumira yakananga zvichienderana nekumhanya kwemotokari, iyo yakataurwa pamusoro apa yakavharwa nemotokari apo kukurumidza kunoderera kubva ku30 km / h kunoonekwa sechiratidzo chakakosha. (yemotokari) uye 40 km/h. (yemota nemabhazi) kusvika zero.

Kumira kure

Kunonoka kuita kweiyo braking system inogara ichitungamira kukuvara kumotokari uye kazhinji kukuvara kune avo varimo. Kujekesa: mota inofamba nespidhi yemakiromita makumi matatu nemashanu / h inodhumhana nechipingamupinyi nechisimba chakafanana neicho chekudonha kubva pamamita mashanu kukwirira. Kana kumhanya kwemotokari kana uchirovera nechipingamupinyi kuchisvika 35 km / h, saka simba rekukanganisa richave rakafanana kana richidonha kubva pasi rechitatu (55 km / h - richidonha kubva pasi repfumbamwe, kana kubva pakukwirira kwemamita makumi matatu).

Iyi mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa inoratidza kukosha kwazvo kune mutyairi kuti atarise mamiriro emota mabhureki, uye tai kusakara.

Mabhureki chinhambwe formula?

Braking distance formula

Chinhambwe chekubhureki mota - iyi ndiyo chinhambwe chafambwa pakati penguva apo mutyairi akanzwa njodzi motokari ichibva yamira zvachose. Saka, inosanganisira chinhambwe chakafambwa panguva yekuita (1 sekondi) uye chinhambwe chekumira. Zvinosiyana zvichienderana nekumhanya, mamiriro emumugwagwa (mvura, matombo), mota (mabhureki mamiriro, mamiriro etai, nezvimwewo), uye mamiriro emutyairi (kuneta, zvinodhaka, doro, nezvimwewo)

Dry braking distance calculation - formula

Kuti uverenge chinhambwe chinofambwa nemotokari pamugwagwa wakaoma, vashandisi vanongoda kuwedzera chegumi chekumhanya wega, izvo zvinopa inotevera equation: (V/10)²=Chinhambwe chekumira chakaoma .

• Pakumhanya kwe50 km / h, kureba kwebhureki = 5 x 5 = 25 m.
• Pakumhanya kwe80 km / h, nzvimbo yekumira = 8 x 8 = 64 m.
• Pakumhanya kwe100 km / h, kureba kwebhureki = 10 x 10 = 100 m.
• Pakumhanya kwe130 km / h, kureba kwebhureki = 13 x 13 = 169 m.

Wet braking distance calculation - formula

Vashandisi vemigwagwa vanokwanisawo kuverenga chinhambwe chekumira chemotokari yavo kana ichityaira panzira dzakanyorova. Chese chavanofanira kuita kutora chinhambwe chekumira mumamiriro ekunze akaoma uye wowedzera hafu imwecheteyo yekubhuraki chinhambwe mumamiriro ekunze akaoma, ichipa inotevera equation: (V/10)²+((V/10)²/2)= chinhambwe chekumira chakanyorova.

• Pakumhanya kwe50 km/h, kunyorova kwemamiriro ekunze braking kure = 25+(25/2) = 37,5 m.
• Pakumhanya kwe80 km/h, kunyorova kwemamiriro ekunze braking kure = 80+(80/2) = 120 m.
• Pakumhanya kwe100 km/h, kunyorova kwemamiriro ekunze braking kure = 100+(100/2) = 150 m.
• Pakumhanya kwe130 km/h, kunyorova kwemamiriro ekunze braking kure = 169+(169/2) = 253,5 m.

Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kureba kwebhureki

Zvinhu zvakawanda zvine zvimwe zvazvinoita pakuita kwemutyairi: mwero wedoro muropa rake, kushandisa kwake zvinodhaka, kuneta kwake, uye mwero wake wekuisa pfungwa pachinhu chimwe. Pamusoro pekumhanya kwemotokari, mamiriro ekunze, mamiriro emumugwagwa uye kupera kwematayi zvinotariswawo pakuverenga daro rekubhureki.

Rection kureba

Izwi iri, rinodaidzwawo maonero-kuita kureba chinhambwe chinofambwa nemotokari pakati penguva apo mutyairi anoona ngozi uye nguva apo mashoko acho anoongororwa nouropi hwake. Tinowanzo taura nezvazvo avhareji yenguva 2 masekondi kune vatyairi vanotyaira mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. Kune vamwe, nguva yekuita inguva yakareba, uye izvi zvinowanzosanganiswa nekumhanya kwakanyanya, izvo zvine mhedzisiro yakananga yekuwedzera zvakanyanya njodzi yekudhumhana.

Braking marefu

Kana tichitaura nezvechinhambwe chekumira, tinoreva nhambwe inofamba nemotokari. kubva panguva iyo mutyairi anotsika bhureki pedal kusvika mota yamira zvachose. Sekuita chinhambwe chekuita, kukurumidza kwemota, ndiko kurebesa chinhambwe chekumira.

Saka, iyo yekumisa chinhambwe fomula inogona kumiririrwa se:

Total braking distance = reaction distance + braking distance

Nzira yekuverenga sei yakazara yekumisa nguva uye yakazara yekumira kure?

Sezvataona pamusoro apa, mutyairi anoda nguva yekutora danho nezve braking. Ndokunge, kuita. Uyezve, zvinotora nguva kufambisa tsoka yako kubva kune gasi rinokambaira kuenda kubhureki rekumisa uye kuti mota iite ichi chiito. 

Iko kune fomula inoverenga avhareji maitiro emutyairi nzira. Heunoi ari:

(Kumhanyisa mu km / h: 10) * 3 = kuita daro mumamita

Ngatimbofungidzirai mamiriro akafanana. Iwe uri kutyaira pa50 km / h uye iwe wafunga kuputsa mushe. Paunenge uchiita sarudzo, mota ichafamba 50/10 * 3 = 15 metres. Yechipiri kukosha (kureba kwekumira chaiko kure), takafunga pamusoro - 25 metres. Nekuda kweizvozvo, 15 + 25 = 40. Iyi ndiyo nhanho ichafamba nemotokari yako kusvika wasvika paunonyatsomira.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokanganisa mabhureki nekumira kure?

Isu takatonyora pamusoro apa kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa iyo yekumira kure Tinokurudzira kufunga nezvazvo zvakadzama.

Speed

Ichi ndicho chinhu chakakosha. Izvi hazvireve kungomhanyisa kumhanya kwemotokari, asiwo kumhanyisa kwekuita kwemutyairi. Zvinotendwa kuti maitiro emunhu wese anenge akafanana, asi izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi zvachose. Chiitiko chekutyaira, mamiriro ehutano hwemunhu, mashandisirwo emishonga naye, nezvimwewo zvinoita basa. Zvakare, vazhinji "vasina hanya vatyairi" vanoregeredza mutemo uye vanovhiringidzwa nemafoni efoni pavanotyaira, izvo, semhedzisiro, zvinogona kukonzera nenjodzi.

Rangarira imwe pfungwa inokosha. Kana kumhanya kwemotokari kukapetwa kaviri, daro rekumira kwayo rakapetwa kane! Pano iyo 4: 1 ratio haishande.

Mamiriro ekufamba

Pasina mubvunzo, mamiriro emigwagwa yepamusoro anokanganisa kureba kwetambo rekusimudza. Panzira inotonhora kana yakanyorova, inogona kukura dzimwe nguva. Asi izvi hazvisi zvese zvikonzero. Iwe unofanirwa zvakare kuchenjerera nemashizha akadonha, ayo matairi anotsvedza zvakakwana, anotsemuka kumusoro, maburi, zvichingodaro.

Matairi

Hunhu uye mamiriro erabha zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kureba kwetambo rekupwanya. Kazhinji, matai anodhura anopa kubata kuri nani pamusoro pemugwagwa. Ndokumbira utarise kuti kana iko kutsika kwekutsika kwave kuneta kupfuura kukosha kunotenderwa, saka iroira rinorasikirwa nekwanisi kudhonza huwandu hwakaringana hwemvura kana uchityaira mumugwagwa wakanyorova. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iwe ungasangana nechinhu chisingafadzi senge aquaplaning - kana mota ikarasikirwa ne traction uye ikava isingadzoreki zvachose. 

Kupfupisa chinhambwe chebhureki, zvinokurudzirwa kuchengetedza optimal tire pressure. Ndeipi - iyo automaker ichakupindura mubvunzo uyu. Kana iyo kukosha ikatsauka kumusoro kana pasi, mutsara webhureki uchawedzera. 

Zvichienderana necoefficient yekunamatira matai kune nzira yemugwagwa, chiratidzo ichi chichava chakasiyana. Heino tafura yekuenzanisira yekutsamira kwedanho rekumisa padanho remugwagwa pamusoro (mota yemutakurwi, matai ayo ane avhareji coefficient yekunamatira):

	60km / h	80 km / h.	90 km / h.
Yakaoma asphalt, m.	20,2	35,9	45,5
Asphalt inonyorova, m.	35,4	62,9	79,7
Mugwagwa wakafukidzwa nesinou, m.	70,8	125,9	159,4
Glaze, m.	141,7	251,9	318,8

Ehe, izvi zviratidziro zvine hukama, asi zvinonyatsoratidza kukosha kwekutarisa mamiriro ematai emota.

Unyanzvi mamiriro emuchina

Mota inogona kungopinda mumugwagwa mune yakanaka - iyi axiom isingade humbowo. Kuti uite izvi, ita maitiro ekuongorora emota yako, kugadzirisa nekukurumidza uye nekuchinja brake fluid.

Rangarira kuti madhisiki emabhureki akasakara anogona kupetwa neiyo bhureki.

Kukanganisa munzira

Mota painenge ichifamba, mutyairi haana kodzero yekutsauswa pakutyaira mota uye nekudzora mamiriro emigwagwa. Kwete chete kuchengetedza kwayo kunoenderana neizvi, asi hupenyu uye hutano hwevatakurwi, pamwe nevamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa.

Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika muuropi mutyairi pakaitika emergency.

• kuongororwa kwemamiriro emigwagwa;
• kuita sarudzo - kudzora kana kufambisa;
• mhinduro kumamiriro ezvinhu.

Zvichienderana nekwaniso yekuzvarwa kwemutyairi, avhareji yekumhanyisa kumhanya iri pakati pe0,8 ne1,0 masekondi. Aya marongero ari pamusoro pechimbichimbi, kwete chinongoitika otomatiki kana uchinonoka pamugwagwa unojairika.

Nguva yekuita + Kumisa chinhambwe = Kumisa chinhambwe

Kune vakawanda, nguva ino inoita senge isingakoshese kuteerera, asi kufuratira njodzi kunogona kutungamira kumhedzisiro inouraya. Heino tafura yehukama pakati pezvinoitwa nemutyairi uye nhambwe yakafambwa nemotokari:

Yekumhanyisa mota, km / h.	Kure kusvika nguva iyo brake yakadzvanywa (iyo nguva inoramba yakafanana - 1 sec.), M.
60	17
80	22
100	28

Sezvauri kuona, kunyangwe sekondi inoratidzika kunge isingakoshi yekunonoka inogona kutungamira kumhedzisiro inosuruvarisa. Ndokusaka mutyairi wega wega asingafanire kutyora mutemo: "Usatsauswa uye namatira kune yekumhanyisa muganho!"

Deceleration kana braking

Zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinogona kukanganisa mutyairi kubva pakutyaira:

• mbozhanhare - kunyangwe kungoona kuti ndiani arikufona (kana uchitaura pafoni, mutyairi anoita zvakafanana neiya yemunhu ari muchidhakwa kudhakwa);
• kutarisa mota inopfuura kana kunakidzwa nenzvimbo dzinoyevedza;
• kusunga bhanhire;
• kudya chikafu uchityaira;
• kudonha kweiyo yakasununguka DVR kana nhare mbozha;
• kujekeswa kwehukama pakati pemutyairi uye mutyairi.

Muchokwadi, hazvigoneke kuita rondedzero izere yezvinhu zvese izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mutyairi kubva pakutyaira. Nekuda kweizvi, munhu wese anofanirwa kutarisisa mugwagwa, uye vafambi vachabatsirwa netsika yekusavhiringidza mutyairi pakutyaira.

Mamiriro ekudhakwa nedoro kana zvinodhaka

Mutemo wenyika dzakawanda pasi rose unorambidza kutyaira wakadhakwa nezvinodhaka kana nedoro. Ikoku hakusati kuri nemhaka yokuti vatyairi vanorambidzwa kunakidzwa noupenyu zvizere. Mabhureki kureba kwemota kunoenderana nemamiriro aya.

Kana munhu ari pasi pesimba rezvinodhaka kana doro, maitiro ake anoderedzwa (izvi zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekudhakwa, asi maitiro acho anononoka zvakadaro). Kunyangwe mota yakashongedzerwa nemabhureki emhando yepamusoro uye vabatsiri, kudzvanya brake pedal yakanonoka munguva yenjodzi kunotungamira tsaona. Kuwedzera pakubhureki, mutyairi akadhakwa anoita zvishoma nezvishoma pakuda kuita chifambiso.

Ndeipi iri braking daro pakumhanya kwe50, 80 uye 110 km / h.

Sezvauri kuona, nekuda kwemazhinji misiyano, hazvigoneke kugadzira tafura yakajeka inotsanangura iyo chaiyo yekumira chinhambwe chemumwe munhu mota. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehunyanzvi mamiriro emota uye nemhando yemugwagwa pamusoro.

Avhareji braking dhata dhata yemotokari yevatakurwi ine inoshanda system, emhando yepamusoro matairi uye zvakajairika maitiro emutyairi:

Kumhanya, km / h.	Inofungidzirwa braking daro, m
50	28 (kana mitanhatu auto miviri)
80	53 (kana gumi nemitumbi yemotokari)
110	96 (kana zvivakwa makumi maviri nezvina)

Mamiriro ezvinhu anotevera anoratidza kuti nei zvichikosha kutevedzera muganho wekumhanyisa uye kwete kuvimba nemabhureki "akakwana". Kumira pamberi pekuyambuka kwevanofamba netsoka kubva pakumhanya kwe50 km / h kusvika zero, mota inoda chinhambwe chingangoita 30 metres. Kana mutyairi akatyora muganho wekumhanya uye achifamba nekumhanya kwe80 km / h, saka kana uchiita chinhambwe chemamita makumi matatu pamberi pekuyambuka, mota icharova munhu anofamba. Kumhanya kwemota kunenge kuri makumi matanhatu km / h.

Sezvauri kuona, haufanire kuvimba nekuvimbika kwemota yako, asi zvichave zvakanaka kutevedzera kurudziro, nekuti zvinotorwa kubva kumamirire ezvinhu chaiwo.

Chii chinotara pakati nepakati pekumisa chero mota

Kupfupisa, tinoona kuti chinhambwe chemabhureki chemotokari chero chipi chinoenderana nekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvakadaro:

• kumhanya kwemotokari;
• uremu hwemuchina;
• kushandira kwemabhureki;
• kukwana kwekubatirana kwematai;
• mhando yemugwagwa pamusoro.

Kuita kwemutyairi kunokanganisawo kumira kwemotokari.

Tichifunga kuti mukukurumidzira uropi hwomutyairi hunoda kugadzirisa ruzivo rwakawanda, kuomerera kumuganho wekumhanyisa ndiwo wekutanga murairo, kukosha kwawo hakuzombomira kukurukurwa.

Chiyero chinotorwa riini uye sei

Braking kureji kuverenga kuchadikanwa kana mota ichiongororwa mushure menjodzi yakakomba (forensic bvunzo), mukuyedza kwehunyanzvi muchina, uyezve mushure mekuvandudzwa kweiyo brake system.

Kune akasiyana online macalculator ayo mutyairi anogona kuzvimiririra kutarisa ma parameter emota yake. Muenzaniso weikukuta wakadai ndeuyu neichi chinobatanidza... Unogona kushandisa Calculator iyi mumugwagwa. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti uwane mukana weInternet. Kwapera chinguva, tichaona mafomati angashandiswa kuverenga iyi paramende.

Maitiro ekuwedzera kusimba kwekudzikisira

Chekutanga pane zvese, kushanda kwekudzora kunoenderana nekutarisa kwemutyairi. Kunyangwe iyo yepamusoro braking system uye yakazara seti yemagetsi vabatsiri havakwanise kuchinja mitemo yefizikiki. Naizvozvo, hapana mamiriro ezvinhu aunofanirwa kutsauswa pakutyaira mota nekufona (kunyangwe kana ruoko-rwemahara ruchishandiswa, maitiro evamwe vatyairi anogona kudzikira zvakanyanya), mameseji uye kuona nzvimbo dzinoyevedza.

Chinhu chakakosha zvakaenzana kugona kwemutyairi kutarisira njodzi. Semuenzaniso, kana uchisvika pamharadzano, kunyangwe kana mugwagwa wechipiri uri padhuze nemugwagwa mukuru, uye paine chikwangwani che "Give way" pairi, mutyairi anofanira kutarisisa. Chikonzero ndechekuti kune vatyairi vanotenda kuti saizi yemota yavo inovapa muganhu munzira, zvisinei nezviratidzo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvirinani kugadzirira mabhureki echimbichimbi pane kuziva kuti ndiani anofanirwa kubvuma kunaani.

Kutendeuka uye kufambisa mumugwagwa kunofanirwa kuitwa neyakaenzana kutarisisa, kunyanya tichifunga nzvimbo dzisina kuona. Chero zvazvingaitika, kusangana kwemutyairi kunokanganisa nguva yekuita uye, semhedzisiro, kudzikiswa kwemota. Asi hapana chakakosha kukosha kwehunyanzvi mamiriro emota, pamwe nekuvapo kwemamwe masisitimu anowedzera braking kunyatsoshanda.

Zvakare, kana mutyairi akasarudza kumhanya kwakachengeteka, izvi zvinogona kupfupisa kumbomira kwemotokari. Izvi zvine chekuita nezviito zvemutyairi.

Uyezve, zvakakosha kufunga nezve mutoro wemuchina, pamwe nekugona kweiyo braking system. Ndokunge, chikamu chehunyanzvi chemotokari. Mazhinji mamodheru emota dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzwa nema amplifaya akasiyana uye mamwe masisitimu, ayo anoderedza zvakanyanya nzira yekuita uye nguva yekumira kwakazara kwemotokari Maitiro aya anosanganisira mabhureki ekuwedzera, iyo ABS system, uye vabatsiri ve zvemagetsi kudzivirira kukonana kwepamberi. Zvakare, kuiswa kweakavandudzwa mabhureki emadhidhi uye madisc kunoderedza zvakanyanya braking daro.

Asi kunyangwe zviite sei "yakazvimirira" zvemagetsi zvemota kana anovimbika anoshanda eaka brake system, hapana akakanzura kuterera kwemutyairi. Mukuwedzera kune zvakataurwa pamusoro apa, zvakakosha kwazvo kuongorora hutano hwemaitiro uye kuita kurongeka kwakarongeka nenzira inokodzera.

Kumira uye kusimudza mabhureki emota: ndeupi mutsauko

Iyo braking daro ndiyo nhambwe inofambwa nemotokari kubva panguva iyo mutyairi anotsimbirira bhureki rekumisa. Kutanga kweiyi nzira inguva iyo iyo braking system inoitwa, uye kumagumo kumira kwakazara kwemotokari.

Iyi kukosha inogara ichienderana nekumhanyisa kwemotokari. Uyezve, inogara iri quadratic. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo braking daro inogara yakaenzana nekuwedzera kwekumhanya kwemotokari. Kana kumhanya kwemotokari kukapetwa zvakapetwa kaviri, mota inozomira yakakwana chinhambwe chakapetwa kana paavhareji.

Zvakare, kukosha uku kunokonzerwa nehuremu hwemotokari, mamiriro eiyo braking system, mhando yemugwagwa wepasi, pamwe nekusakara kwekutsika pamavhiri.

Asi maitiro anokanganisa kumira kwakazara kwemuchina anosanganisira akareba nguva kupfuura nguva yekupindura yeiyo braking system. Imwe pfungwa yakakosha zvakafanana inobata kudzikisira kwemotokari inguva yemutyairi yekuita nguva. Ino inguva yenguva iyo mutyairi anoita kune chinoonekwa chipingamupinyi. Wepakati mutyairi anotora ingaite sekondi imwe pakati pekuona chipingamupinyi nekutsimbirira bhureki. Kune vamwe, maitiro aya anotora masekondi 0.5 chete, uye kune vamwe anotora nguva yakareba, uye anoita kuti mabhureki ashandise mushure memasekonzi maviri.

Iyo nzira yekuita inogara yakanangana zvakananga nekumhanya kwemota. Nguva yekuita yemumwe munhu inogona kusachinja, asi zvinoenderana nekumhanya, panguva ino mota ichavhara kure kwayo. Aya mairi maviri, iyo braking daro uye neyakaitika daro, wedzera kusvika padanho rekumisa remuchina.

Nzira yekuverenga sei yakazara yekumisa nguva uye yakazara yekumisa daro?

Izvo hazvigoneke kuita chaiyo kuverenga pane imwe isingabvumirwe mota. Kazhinji chinhambwe chebhureki chinoverengerwa neicho chakakosheswa ichi kune imwe mota pane imwe spidhi. Sezvatakambotaura, iko kuwedzera kwekumira kwedaro kune quadratic kune iyo yekumhanyisa mota kumhanya.

Asi pane zvekare zviyero. Inofungidzirwa kuti yepakati-saizi yemutyairi mota kumhanya kwe10 km / h ine braking daro re0.4 m. Kana isu tikatora chiyero ichi sehwaro, saka zvinokwanisika kuverenga chinhambwe chemabhureki chemotokari dzinofamba dzichimhanya makumi maviri emakiromita / h (kukosha kuri 20 m) kana 1.6 km / h (chinongedzo chiri 50 metres), uye zvichingodaro.

Kuti uverenge chinhambwe chekumira nenzira kwayo, unofanirwa kushandisa rumwe ruzivo. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukafunga nezve dhigirii rekudzvinyirira matairi (iyo coefficient yekukweshera kweasphalt yakaoma 0.8, uye yemugwagwa une chando uri 0.1). Iyi paramende inotsiviwa mune inotevera fomula. Braking distance = the square of the speed (in kilometers / hour) yakakamurwa ne coefficient yekukwesana yakawedzerwa ne250. Kana mota ichifamba nespidhi ye50 km / h, zvino maererano neiyi fomula, braking daro yatove 12.5 mamita.

Kuti uwane imwe nhamba yenzira yemutyairi, pane imwe fomula. Masvomhu acho anotevera. Reaction nzira = kumhanya mota kwakakamurwa negumi, wobva wawanza mhedzisiro na10. Kana iwe ukatsiva iyo imwechete mota inofamba nekumhanya kwe3 km / h mune iyi fomula, nzira yekuita ichave gumi nemashanu metres.

Kumira kwakazara kwemotokari (kumhanya kumwechete kwemakiromita makumi mashanu paawa) kuchaitika muna 50 + 12.5 = 15 metres. Asi kunyangwe izvi hazvisi izvo zvakaverengerwa zvakanyanya.

Saka, iyo nguva yekumira kwakazara kwemotokari inoverengerwa neiyo fomula:

P (yakazara mira) = (iyo inowedzera yeiyo braking kunyatsoshanda uye yekutanga braking kumhanya yakakamurwa neyekuwedzera kweyekuvhenekesa kumhanyisa uye coefficient yekureba kureba kunamatira kwematairi kune asphalt) + mutyairi yekuita nguva + iyo nguva yekupwanya system actuation + iyo yekuwedzera yeiyo braking simba kusimuka nguva na0.5.

Saka, sezvaungaona, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kugadzikana kwekumira kwakazara kwemotokari, izvo zvinogona kuve zvakasiyana zvachose zvichienderana nemamiriro ari munzira. Neichi chikonzero zvakare: mutyairi anofanirwa kugara achitonga zviri kuitika mumugwagwa.

Maitiro ekuwedzera kusimba kwekudzikisira

Kuti uderedze chinhambwe chekumira mumamiriro akasiyana, mutyairi anogona kushandisa imwe yenzira mbiri. Kusanganiswa kweizvi kungave kwakanakisa:

• Kufanoona kwemutyairi. Iyi nzira inosanganisira kugona kwemutyairi kutarisira mamiriro ane njodzi uye kusarudza kumhanya kwakachengeteka uye chinhambwe chakarurama. Semuenzaniso, pane yakadzika uye yakaoma nzira, Moskvich inogona kukurumidza, asi kana mugwagwa unotsvedza uye unomonereka nekuyerera kukuru kwemotokari, saka mune iyi kesi zvingava nani kunonoka. Motokari yakadaro inononoka zvishoma kudarika motokari yemazuva ano yekunze. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuterera kune iyo mutyairi anoshandisa braking nzira. Semuyenzaniso, mumotokari isina kurongedzerwa chero hurongwa hwekubatsira, hwakadai seABS, kamwe kamwe bhureki painomira kunowanzo tungamira mukurasikirwa kwekudhonza. Kuti udzivise mota kuti irege kutsvedza munzira isina kugadzikana, zvinodikanwa kushandisa injini braking mune yakaderera giya uye nepakati kudzvinyirira bhureki pedal.
• Kugadziriswa kwemotokari. Kana muridzi wemotokari akashongedza mota yake nezvinhu zvinonyanya kushanda izvo mabhureki anotsamira, ipapo achakwanisa kuwedzera kusimba kwekudzikira kwemota yake. Semuenzaniso, unogona kuvandudza mashandiro ebhureki nekuisa zvirinani mabhureki mapedhi nemadhisiki, pamwe nematayi akanaka. Kana iyo mota ichikubvumidza iwe kuti uise mamwe masisitimu pairi kana kunyange anobatsira masisitimu (anti-lock braking, braking mubatsiri), zvino izvi zvichaderedzawo kureba kwebhureki.

Vhidhiyo pamusoro wenyaya

Vhidhiyo iyi inoratidza mabhureki nemazvo panguva yekukurumidzira kana mota isina kugadzirwa neABS:

Chidzidzo 8.7. Emergency braking pasina ABS

Maitiro ekuona kumhanyisa pamwe neiyo braking daro?

Haasi mutyairi wese anoziva kuti chinhambwe chekumira chemotokari nekumhanya kwe60 km / h, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekubhureki, inogona kuva 20 kana 160 metres. Kugona kwemotokari kunonoka kusvika kune inodiwa inomhanya kunoenderana nepamusoro pemugwagwa uye mamiriro ekunze, pamwe nekugadzikana uye kudzoreka kwemaitiro ekubhureki emotokari.

Kuverenga kumhanya kwemabhureki emota iwe unofanirwa kuziva: kuderera kwakanyanya, kureba kureba, nguva yekupindura mabhureki, huwandu hwekuchinja musimba rekubhureki.

Iyo formula yekuverenga kumhanya kwemotokari kubva paurefu hwemabhureki chinhambwe: 

V - kumhanya mu km/h;
S - kumira chinhambwe mumamita;
K_т - mota braking coefficient;
K_sc - iyo coefficient yekunamatira yemotokari kumugwagwa;

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

1. Maitiro ekuzivab kumhanya padivi pebhureki rekubhururuka? Kuti uite izvi, funga nezvemhando yemugwagwa, kurema uye mhando yemotokari, mamiriro ematai, uye nguva yekuita mutyairi.

2. Maitiro ekuona kumhanya kwemota isina mabhureki? Dhiraivha yekuita nguva tafura inofananidza iyo yekufungidzira kumhanya. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuve ne vhidhiyo rekodhi nekumhanyisa kugadzirisa.

3. Ndeapi matanho anosanganisira mabhureki ebhureki anosanganisira? Iyo nhambwe yakafamba panguva iyo mabhureki anoiswa, pamwezve nhambwe yakafamba panguva yakadzikama-nyika kudzikisira kusvika pekumira kwakazara.

4. Ndeipi nzvimbo yekumira pakumhanya kwe40 km / h? Asphalt inonyorova, tembiricha yemhepo, huremu hwemota, mhando yematairi, kuwanikwa kwemamwe masisitimu anovimbisa kumira kwakavimbika kwemota - zvese izvi zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro yekuyedzwa Asi kune yakaoma asphalt, makambani mazhinji anoita kutsvagurika kwakafanana anopa akafanana data. Pakumhanya uku, chinhambwe chemabhureki chemotokari inofamba chiri mukati memamita gumi nepfumbamwe. Asi iyo yekumira daro (maitiro emutyairi kana mutyairi aona chipingamupinyi nekutsikirira pabhureki, iyo inotora ingaite sekondi imwe paavhareji + chinhambwe chemabhureki) inove yakareba mamita manomwe.

5. Ndeipi nzvimbo yekumira pakumhanya kwe100 km / h? Kana iyo mota ichimhanyisa kusvika ku100 km / h, saka iyo braking daro pane yakaoma asphalt ichave anenge makumi mashanu emamita. Iyo yekumira daro mune ino kesi ichave 59 metre kureba. Naizvozvo, kubva panguva ino pakaonekwa chipingamupinyi mumugwagwa chinoda kuti mota imire, uye kudzamara mota yamira zvachose, chinhambwe chinopfuura 19 metres chinodiwa paiyi spidhi.

6. Ndeipi nzvimbo yekumira pakumhanya kwe50 km / h? Kana iyo mota ichimhanyisa kusvika ku50 km / h, saka iyo braking daro pane yakaoma asphalt ichave anenge makumi mashanu emamita. Iyo yekumira daro mune ino kesi ichave 28 metre kureba. Naizvozvo, kubva panguva ino pakaonekwa chipingamupinyi mumugwagwa chinoda kuti mota imire, uye kudzamara mota yamira zvachose, chinhambwe chinopfuura 10 metres chinodiwa paiyi spidhi.