Mhando dzekutapurirana

Kufambisa chinhu chakakosha pane chero mota, nekuda kwaunogona nyore:

• chinja injini torque;
• kudzora kumhanya uye kutungamira kwemotokari;
• zvakachengeteka kupwanya kubatana pakati peinjini nemavhiri.

Mhando dzekutapurirana

Ichokwadi ndechekuti kune akawanda marudzi emabhokisi emidziyo ayo akashongedzerwa nemotokari, uye mukati mechinyorwa chimwe chete zvinonetsa kufunga zvakadzama maficha eumwe neumwe wavo. Ngatitarisei akati wandei mashoma emhando dzemabhokisi egiya anowanikwa mumota zhinji dzazvino.

Anoshanduka anomhanyisa dhiraivha

Rudzi urwu rwekufambisa runodanwa kunzi zvinoramba zvichishandurwa kutapurirana kana CVT. Kutapurirana kweCVT musiyano wekutenderera otomatiki, uye chii chinozvisiyanisa kubva kune mamwe marudzi ese kumhanyisa mhanyisa.

Zvakanakira CVT:

• kushandiswa kwakaringana kwesimba reinjini nekuda kwekugadziriswa kwakanyanya kweiyo chassis mutoro neiyo crankshaft kumhanya;
• Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri mafuta kunyatsoshanda kunowanikwa;
• kuramba kuendesa torque kunoitwa;
• yakanakisa nhanho yekunyaradza uchityaira.

Izvo zvakashata zverudzi urwu rwegiya bhokisi ndezvi:

• zvinorambidzwa pahuwandu hweiyo inopfuudzwa torque;
• kukwirira kwetekinoroji dhizaini;
• iyo inodhura zvakanyanya kuchengetedza.

Parizvino, mabhokisi emagetsi eCVT anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari dzemhando dzeNissan, Subaru, Honda, Fiat, Opel, Chrysler, Mini, Mitsubishi. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kwave kuine tsika yekuwedzera mashandisiro emabhokisi emagetsi.

Kutumira kweCVT kunoshanda sei?

Ngatibhadharisei zvishoma mashandiro eanosiyanisa, nekuti, kusiyana nemamwe marudzi enhepfenyuro anotumira torque achishandisa magiya, mukusiyanisa iyi torque inopfuudzwa kuburikidza nesimbi inoshanduka V-bhandi kana cheni.

V-bhandi variator ine imwe kana, mune zvisingawanzoitika zviitiko, maviri mabhandi ekutyaira. Iyo yekufambisa inosanganisira maviri mamwe mawasher uye maviri tapered discs akatarisana.

Hydraulic kumanikidza, centrifugal simba, uye chitubu simba zvinoshandiswa kuunza makoni padhuze pamwe nekuapatsanura. Iwo ma tapered discs akatsvedza madhigirii makumi maviri kuti abatsire bhandi kufamba pamwe nepamusoro peiyo pesheni nekushomeka kudiki.

Iyo mashandiro eiyo variator yakavakirwa pane inoenderana shanduko yemabhandi madhimoni zvichienderana neinjini inoshanda mamiriro. Iyo dhayamita dhayamita inoshandurwa uchishandisa yakakosha drive. Kana uchitanga mota, yekumhanyisa pulley yeiyo variator ine diki dhayamita (tapered discs iri kure kure sezvinobvira).

Sezvo kumhanya kuri kuwedzera, bhanhire rinofamba richienda kune rakakura dhayamita redroli rinotyaira. Nenzira iyi, kutapurirana kweCVT kunogona kuchengetedza yakanakisa injini kumhanya panguva imwechete ichipa simba rakakura uye ichipa yakanaka kwazvo simba remotokari.

Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo V-cheni musiyano unowana kugona kwakanyanya neinogona kuita kurasikirwa kwesimba panguva yekutenderera. Mune ma variator gearboxes, iyo yemagetsi control system inoshandiswa, nekuda kwekuti iko shanduko inowirirana muhupamhi hwewasher inoitwa zvinoenderana neinjini yekushandisa mamiriro.

Iyo CVT inodzorwa neanosarudza magiya, uye modhi dzekudzora dzakafanana neidzo dzekutengesa otomatiki, mutsauko uri pakuti iyo variator ine yakatarwa giya yekusarudza basa. Iri basa rinonyanya kugadzirisa dambudziko repfungwa revatyairi vanoona zvichinetsa kujairira injini yekumhanya nguva dzose pavanotyaira. Iri basa rine mazita akasiyana zvichienderana nemugadziri (Sportronic yeMitsubishi, Autostick yaChrysler, nezvimwewo)

Sequential (yakateerana) kutapurirana

Kusvikira nguva pfupi yadarika, akateedzana kana akateedzana mabhokisi egear aishandiswa kunyanya pamidhudhudhu nemumhanyisa mota, asi mumakore achangopfuura akaiswa pamotokari dzinodhura zvakare.

Musiyano mukuru pakati pemauto akajairika uye anoteedzana ndeyekuti mune akajairwa magiya anokwanisa kusarudza chero giya, aine akateedzana magiya anokwanisa chete kusarudza uye kufambisa magiya ari padyo (akakwirira kana akaderera pane akamboshandiswa).

Kunyangwe zvakafanana mukugadzirwa uye kushanda kune michina kutumira, inoteedzana haina clutch pedal. Mune mamwe mazwi, batira haina kudzorwa nemutyairi, asi neyuniti yemagetsi, iyo inogamuchira chiratidzo kubva kuma sensors. Ivo vanoshandisa giya rinodikanwa pamwe nekumanikidza kwakakodzera pane iyo accelerator chitiviri.

Pros:

• kupa kumhanya kwakanyanya uye nyore kwekuchinja pakati pegiya - nekuda kweiyo yemagetsi control unit, gear shifting nguva inoderedzwa (kusvika ku150 milliseconds);
• kana uchichinja magiya, kumhanya hakurasiki;
• mari yekushandisa mafuta;
• sarudzo yemanyorerwo kana otomatiki giya kuchinjisa (iyo inonzi "mutambo modhi").

Cons:

• kusagadzikana pasi pemitoro yakakwira uye nekukurumidza kupfeka - zvinhu zverudzi urwu rwegiya bhokisi zvakapfava uye zvine hanya, izvo zvinotungamira nekukurumidza kupfeka;
• kana iwe usingazive mabatiro akanaka ebhokisi, mukana wekurodha wakanyanya kwazvo, uye nekudaro mukana wezvinetso zviri kuitika zvakare wakakwira;
• kufambisa kunogona kuve kwakanyanya kusanzwisisika uye kusanyanya kutsetseka kana uchityaira mumaguta mamiriro uye pakumhanya kwakaderera;
• mitengo yepamusoro yekugadzirisa - Sequential gearboxes michina ine dhizaini yakaoma, iyo inotowedzera mari yavo yekuchengetedza.

Otomatiki hutachiwana

Vazhinji vatyairi vanoziva nezvechinyakare otomatiki kutapurirana. Ngatimbokurukurai muchidimbu kuti chii. Mukufambisa kwemaoko, kana uchichinja giya, iwe unofanirwa kudzora mabatiro emubato uye kufambisa lever kune inoenderana nzvimbo. Mukufambisa otomatiki, haufanire kuita chero chinhu, nekuti zvinodzorwa zvakangoerekana zvaitika (kuburikidza neyemagetsi control unit).

Pros:

• inotsvedzerera uye yakazara otomatiki giya inochinja yekushamisa kwekutyaira;
• batira haidi kutsiva nguva nenguva;
• iyo mota inogona kuenderana nyore neyako kutyaira modhi;
• nyore kushanda, iyo inobvumidza kunyange vatyairi vasina ruzivo kukurumidza kudzidza maitiro ekushandisa otomatiki kutapurirana;
• Inopa nekukurumidza kupindura kune giya shanduko.

Cons:

• mudziyo wakaoma;
• mutengo wepamusoro uchienzaniswa nekutapurirana kwechinyorwa;
• mari yepamusoro yekugadzirisa;
• kushandiswa kwepamusoro kwemafuta uye kunyatsoshanda zvishoma zvichienzaniswa nehutachiona hwechinyorwa.

DSG gearbox

Iyo gearbox yeDSG, iyo inonziwo mbiri-yekubatirira kutapurirana, iri musiyano wekutenderera otomatiki uye ndeimwe yemhando yemagearbox ari kuwedzera kufarira.

Chii chakakosha nezverudzi urwu rwekutapurirana? Iyo sisitimu inoshandisa mawoko maviri ekukurumidza zvakanyanya giya shanduko, ichiita zvisinganzwisisike shanduko kana uchichinja magiya. Uye zvakare, iyi mhando yekutapurirana inowanzo kuperekedzwa neyekuwedzera lever pane mudhiraivho wemotokari, iyo inobvumidza manyore giya shanduko kana mutyairi afunga (padhaya shifters).

DSG inoshanda sei?

Sezvambotaurwa, iyi mhando yegearbox ine mbiri mbiri. Kana imwe batira iri kuita giya razvino, imwe bhajeti inogadzirira rinotevera giya, zvakanyanya kudzikisa nguva dzekuchinja. Dual clutch mota haina clutch pedal nekuti inomutsa uye inodzivisa otomatiki.

Magiya mazhinji eDSG anoshandisa otomatiki sector kushandura modhi dzekutyaira. MuDrive kana Sport mode, iyo mbiri-clutch transmission inoshanda seyakajairwa otomatiki kutapurirana. Mu "D" modhi, kutapurirana kunokwira kare kuti kuderedze ruzha rweinjini uye kuwedzera hupfumi hwemafuta, nepo mu "S" modhi, downshifts inobatwa zvishoma kuti injini ichengetedze simba rayo.

Iyo DSG inowanikwa mune maviri mavhezheni - DSG 6 uye DSG 7. Yekutanga vhezheni ndeye matanhatu-speed gearbox. Yakaburitswa neVolkswagen muna 2003, uye yakasarudzika ndeyekuti iyo mbiri clutch yakanyorova (kureva, magiya ayo akanyudzwa zvishoma mumudziyo wemafuta).

Iyo inonyanya kukanganisa yeDSG 6 kurasikirwa kukuru kwesimba nekuda kwekuti inomhanya mumafuta. Ndosaka muna 2008 Volkswagen yakaunza vhezheni yayo nyowani, iyo DSG 7 (manomwe-kumhanya maviri-clutch transmission), iyo inoshandisa yakaoma clutch.

Zano! Kana iwe uine sarudzo pakati pezvasarudzo zviviri (DSG 6 uye DSG 7), sarudza yekutanga - inogara yakasimba.

Zvakanakira nekuipira kweDSG:

Chinonyanya kukosha mukana wekutapura-batira hutachiwana ndechekuti ine hunhu hwekutakura manyore uye unozvibatanidza pamwe nekunyaradza uye nyore kwekufambisa otomatiki.

Kukanganisa kwayo ndiko kutapudzwa kwekutapudzwa. Sezvo iine huwandu hwakatemerwa hwemagiya, kufambisa kwacho hakugone nguva dzose kuchengetedza yakanyanya injini kumhanya. Zvakare, DSGs haigone kupa mashoma mafuta ekushandisa. Kune zvakakanganisika, tinogona kuwedzera iwo wakakwirira mutengo uye basa rinodhura.

Tiptronic

Tiptronic ibhokisi rinoshanda pamusimboti wemuchina, mutsauko ndewekuti hapana clutch pedal. Pane kudaro, dhizaini yekufambisa ine nzira dzinodzorwa nekombuta dzinobvisa uye dzinobata clutch kana mashifiti achifanira kuitwa.

Izvi zvinobvumidza komputa kudzora giya shanduko pasina kurasikirwa nekunzwa kwekutyaira echinyorwa kutapurirana mota. Pakati pezvakanaka zverudzi urwu rwegiya bhokisi:

• kumhanyisa kumhanyisa switching;
• mutengo unonzwisisika.

Pakati pezvakaipira, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti iwe unoda imwe nguva kuti ujaire kushanda ne tiptronic.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Mangani ma gearbox aripo? Kune marudzi maviri emagiya mabhokisi akazara: otomatiki kana manyorero. Kana ari mechanics, anogona kusiyana mune mamwe mamiriro. Mabhokisi otomatiki anogona kuve akasiyana zvakanyanya.

Ndeapi marudzi e otomatiki ekufambisa aripo? Kutumira otomatiki kunosanganisira: otomatiki (ine torque inoshandura - yakasarudzika otomatiki), vhezheni (inoramba ichichinjika kutapurirana) uye robhoti (otomatiki analogue yemakanika).

Ndeipi giya rakanakisa? Zvinoenderana nekuita kunodiwa nemutyairi. Kudzora kwakazara pamusoro pemaitiro ekutyaira - mechanics. Kune vanoda kunyaradza - imwe yeatomatiki sarudzo. Asi kutyaira kwemitambo kunonyanya kushanda pamakanika.