Mhando dze otomatiki kutumira

Indasitiri yemotokari iri kukurumidza kugadzirisa dhizaini yezvinhu zvikuru uye magungano, ichiita kuti hupenyu huve nyore kune vatyairi uye kugadzirisa mashandiro emota. Mota zhinji uye dzazvino uno dziri kusiya zvinyorwa zvekushandisa, zvichisiya zvido zvekutepfenyura nyowani uye zvemberi: otomatiki, robhoti uye variator. 

Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora mhando dzemabhokisi emagetsi, kuti akasiyana sei kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, mashandiro awo, musimboti wekushanda uye danho rekuvimbika.

Hydraulic "otomatiki": yakachena klassiske

Hydraulic otomatiki kutapurirana ndiye tateguru wenyika yeotomatiki kutapurirana, pamwe neanobva kwavari. Yekutanga otomatiki transmissions yaive hydromechanical, haina "brains", yakanga isina matanho anopfuura mana, asi haina kubata kuvimbika. Tevere, mainjiniya anosuma yakawedzera hydraulic otomatiki kutapurirana, iyo inozivikanwa zvakare nekuvimbika kwayo, asi kushanda kwayo kunobva pakuverenga ma sensor akawanda.

Chinhu chikuru cheiyo hydraulic "otomatiki" kushomeka kwekutaurirana pakati peinjini nemavhiri, ipapo mubvunzo unonzwisisika unomuka: torque inopfuudzwa sei? Kutenda kuhutachiwana hwekufambisa. 

Mazuva ano otomatiki anotepfenyura "akaputirwa" neazvino magetsi masystem, ayo asingangokubvumidze iwe kuchinjira panguva yakakodzera kumagiya anodiwa, asi zvakare shandisa nzira dzakadai se "chando" uye "mutambo", pamwe nekushandura magiya nemaoko.

Nezve bhokisi regiya rekushandisa, hydraulic "otomatiki" inowedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta, uye zvinotora nguva yakawanda kuti ikurumidze - unofanirwa kupa chimwe chinhu kuti unyaradzwe.

Kwenguva refu, otomatiki transmissions haina kufarirwa nekuda kwekuti vatyairi vazhinji vanoshandiswa ku "mechanics" uye vanoda kukwanisa kushandura magiya vari voga. Panyaya iyi, mainjiniya ari kuunza basa rekuzvishandura-chinja, uye vanodaidza otomatiki transmission - Tiptronic. Zvinorehwa nebasa ndezvokuti mutyairi anofambisa giya regiya kunzvimbo ye "M", uye paunenge uchityaira, fambisa sarudzo kune "+" uye "-" nzvimbo.

CVT: kurambwa kwematanho

Pane imwe nguva, iyo CVT yaive inofambira mberi kufambiswa, iyo yakaunzwa munyika yeindasitiri yemotokari kwenguva yakareba kwazvo, uye nhasi chete yakafarirwa nevaridzi vemotokari.

Zvinorehwa neCVT kutapurirana ndezvekuchinja zvakanaka torque nekuda kwekushaikwa kwematanho sekudaro. Musiyano wacho wakasiyana zvakanyanya neyekare "otomatiki", kunyanya mune iyo neCVT injini inogara ichimhanya yakaderera, ndosaka vatyairi vakatanga kunyunyuta kuti havana kunzwa kushanda kweinjini, zvaiita sekunge yakamira. . Asi kune chikamu ichi chevaridzi vemotokari, mainjiniya auya nebasa rekuchinja giya nenzira ye "kutevedzera" - zvinogadzira manzwiro ekutyaira akajairika otomatiki kutapurirana.

Musiyano unoshanda sei? Chaizvoizvo, dhizaini inopa maviri makoni, ayo akasunganidzwa nebhandi rakakosha. Nekuda kwekutenderera kwemakoni maviri uye bhanhire rakasununguka, torque inoshandurwa zvakanaka. Mamwe ese magadzirirwo akafanana ne "otomatiki": kuvapo kumwe kwecutch pack, mapuraneti giya seti, solenoids uye lubrication system.

Robhoti bhokisi

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vagadziri vemotokari vari kuunza rudzi rutsva rwekutapurirana - irobhoti gearbox. Zvimiro, uku ndiko kufambisa kwemanyorero, uye kutonga kwakafanana neiyo otomatiki kutapurirana. Tandem yakadaro inowanikwa nekuisa yemagetsi actuator mune yakajairika bhuku regiya bhokisi, iro rinodzora kwete chete giya kuchinja, asiwo clutch kushanda. Kwenguva yakareba, rudzi urwu rwekufambisa rwakanga rwuri mukwikwidzi mukuru wekutengesa otomatiki, asi zvikanganiso zvakawanda izvo mainjiniya asingabatanidzi kusvika nhasi zvakakonzera kusagutsikana kukuru pakati pevaridzi vemotokari.

Nekudaro, iyo "robhoti" mune yakasarudzika vhezheni ine yemagetsi Executive unit, pamwe neactuator iyo inovhura uye kudzima batira pane iwe.

Mukutanga 2000s, VAG yakaburitsa yekuyedza vhezheni yeDSG robotic giya. Zita rekuti "DSG" rinomiririra Direkt Schalt Getriebe. 2003 raive gore rekuburitswa kukuru kweDSG pamotokari dzeVolkswagen, asi dhizaini yacho inosiyana munzira zhinji kubva pakunzwisisa kweiyo "robhoti" yechinyakare.

Iyo DSG yakashandisa maviri maviri clutch, hafu iyo inokonzera kuisirwa kunyange magiya, uye yechipiri kune isinganzwisisike. Se actuator, "mechatronic" yakashandiswa - yakaoma yemagetsi-hydraulic masisitimu ayo ane basa rekushanda kweiyo preselective gearbox. Mu "mechatronics" pane zvose zvigadziridzo, uye valve, bhodhi rekutonga. Usakanganwa kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekushanda kweDSG ipombi yemafuta inogadzira kudzvanywa muhurongwa, pasina iyo preselective bhokisi haishande, uye kutadza kwepombi kuchadzima zvachose unit.

Ndezvipi zviri nani?

Kuti tinzwisise kuti nderipi giya riri nani, isu tinotsanangudza zvakanakira nekuipira kweumwe neumwe wekutakura.

Zvakanakira hydraulic otomatiki kutapurirana:

• kuvimbika;
• iko kugona kwekushandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa;
• kurerukirwa mukutyaira mota;
• yakakwidziridzwa sosi sosi yeyuniti, zvinoenderana nekushanda kwakakodzera uye kugadzirisa panguva

payakaipira:

• kugadzirisa zvinodhura;
• hazvibviri kutanga injini kubva kune "pusher";
• basa rinodhura;
• kunonoka mukuchinja kwegiya;
• kunetseka kutsvedza.

Zvakanakira CVT:

• chinyararire injini oparesheni;
• iyo simba unit inoshanda mune yakapfava modhi;
• kugadzikana kumhanyisa pane chero kumhanya.

payakaipira:

• kukurumidza kupfeka uye kudhura kwebhandi;
• kukanganisika kwechimiro kuti chishande mu "gasi kusvika pasi" maitiro;
• zvinodhura kugadzirisa maererano otomatiki hutachiwana.

Izvo zvakanakira preselective gearbox:

• hupfumi hwemafuta;
• kukurumidza kutora uye kubatirana kweiyo inodiwa giya kana kumhanyisa kwakanyanya kuchidikanwa;
• zvidiki zvidiki.

payakaipira:

• chinooneka giya chinja;
• vanotambura michina yemagetsi yekutsigira;
• kazhinji kugadzirisa hazvibviri - kungotsiviwa kwezvikamu zvikuru uye zvikamu;
• yakaderera basa chinguva;
• anodhura batira kit (DSG);
• kutya kutsvedza.

Hazvibviri kunyatsoziva kuti ndeipi yekutumira yakashata kana kuti iri nani, nokuti mutyairi wega wega anozvisarudzira ega rudzi rwakanyanya kunaka rwekutumira, zvichienderana nezvaanoda.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Ndeipi gearbox inonyanya kuvimbika? Pane kukakavara kwakawanda panyaya iyi. Mumwe makanika anoshanda kwemakumi emakore, uye muchina wacho unotadza mushure memaMOT akati wandei. Iwo makanika ane mukana usingarambiki: kana paine kuparara, mutyairi anozokwanisa kuzvimiririra kusvika kuchiteshi chebasa uye kugadzirisa bhokisi regiya pane bhajeti.

Unoziva sei bhokisi ripi? Zviri nyore kusiyanisa dhairekitori remanyorero kubva kune otomatiki nekuvapo kana kusavapo kwe clutch pedal (otomatiki haina pedal yakadaro). Kana iri yerudzi rweotomatiki hutachiwana, unofanirwa kutarisa muenzaniso wemotokari.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peiyo otomatiki hutachiwana uye otomatiki? Otomatiki ndeye otomatiki kutapurirana (otomatiki kutapurirana). Asi iro robhoti ndiro rakafanana makanika, chete nembiri clutch uye otomatiki giya kuchinja.