Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemitumbi yemota?

Mota yemuviri zvinhu zvakasiyana uye zvinoshandiswa kuwana mabhenefiti, hunhu kana maficha ayo ega ega aanofanira kupa. Naizvozvo, zvakajairika kuwana zvikamu, zvivakwa kana miviri yemota inosanganisa mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu.

Sezvo mutemo, zvikonzero zvikuru zvinotarisa kuvapo kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana mukugadzirwa kwemuviri ndizvo zvinangwa zvekuzadzisa kudzikamisa huremu uye kuwedzera simba uye chengetedzo yeunganidzwa nekuda kwekushandisa kwechiedza asi chakasimba zvinhu.

Zvinhu zvekutanga zvemitumbi yemota

Zvishandiso zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira bodywork mumakore apfuura ndeaya anotevera:

•  Iron alloys: simbi uye alloy steels
• Aluminium alloys
• Magnesium alloys
• Mapurasitiki nemaalloys avo, angave kana asina kusimbiswa
• Thermosetting resin ine fiberglass kana kabhoni
• Magirazi

Pamidziyo mishanu yemuviri yemotokari, simbi ndiyo yakanyanya kushandiswa, ichiteverwa nemapurasitiki, aluminium uye fiberglass, izvo zvino zvisinganyanyo shandiswa mumaSUV. Uye zvakare, kune dzimwe mota dzekumusoro-soro, magnesium uye kabhoni fiber zvikamu zviri kutanga kubatanidzwa.

Nezve iro basa rechinhu chimwe nechimwe, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti simbi inowanikwa mumotokari zhinji, kunyanya pakati nepakati mamakisi. Zvakare pane epakati-renji mota, iwe unogona kazhinji kuwana zvimwe zvikamu zvealuminium sebhoneti uye zvichingodaro.Zvakadaro, kana zvasvika kune premium mota, zvikamu zvealuminium zvinotungamira. Kune mota pamusika nemitumbi inogadzirwa ingangoita yealuminium, senge Audi TT, Audi Q7 kana Range Rover Evoque.

Izvo zvinofanirwawo kucherechedzwa kuti marimu anogona kuvezwa simbi, yakashongedzwa nehubcaps yakagadzirwa nepurasitiki kana aluminium kana magnesium alloy.

Kune rumwe rutivi, plastiki iripo kusvika pamwero wakakosha zvikuru mumotokari yemazuva ano (kusvika ku50% yezvikamu, mune dzimwe motokari - plastiki), kunyanya mukati memotokari. Kana zviri zvemidziyo yemuviri wemotokari, mapurasitiki anogona kuwanikwa kumberi nekumashure mabhampa, kits yemuviri, muviri uye kumashure-yekuona magirazi dzimba, pamwe nekuumbwa uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekushongedza. Kune mhando dzeRenault Clio dzine mapurasitiki epamberi kana mumwe muenzaniso usingawanikwe, seCitroen C4. Coupe, iyo yakasungirirwa pamusuwo wekumashure, zvinhu zvekugadzira.

Mapurasitiki anoteverwa ne fiberglass, inowanzo shandiswa kusimbisa mapurasitiki, ichiumba chinhu chakasanganiswa chezvinhu zvakaumbwa senge kumberi uye kumashure mabhomba. Uye zvakare, yakanyanya kupisa polyester kana epoxy resins inoshandiswa kugadzira zvinoumbwa. Ivo anonyanya kushandiswa mune zvishongedzo yekugadzirisa, kunyangwe mune mamwe maRenault Space mamodheru muviri wese wakagadzirwa nechinhu ichi. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa mune mamwe mativi emota, senge epamberi fenders (Citroen C8 2004), kana kumashure (Citroen Xantia).

Unyanzvi hunhu uye kupatsanura kwezvinhu zvikuru zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira miviri

Sezvo zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri wemotokari zvinogona kukuvadzwa uye zvinoda kugadziriswa mumusangano, zvinodikanwa kuti uzive maitiro avo kuitira kuti uunze kugadzirisa, kusangana uye maitiro ekubatanidza, mune yega yega mamiriro.

Simbi alloys

Simbi, sekudaro, isimbi yakapfava, inorema uye inonzwa zvakanyanya kune mhedzisiro ye ngura uye ngura. Pasinei neizvi, zvinhu zviri nyore kuumba, kuumba uye weld, uye zvine hupfumi. Simbi inoshandiswa sechinhu chemiviri yemotokari yakasanganiswa nechikamu chidiki chekabhoni (0,1% kusvika 0,3%). Aya alloys anozivikanwa se low carbon steels. Mukuwedzera, silicon, manganese uye phosphorus inowedzerwawo kuvandudza michina yemagetsi, zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinowedzerwa zvine zvimwe zvinangwa, kuoma kwesimbi kunokanganiswa nealloys ine imwe muzana yesimbi senge niobium, titanium, kana boron, uye dzakakosha nzira dzekugadzirisa dzinoshandiswa kuvandudza hunhu, sekudzima kana kupisa. gadzira simbi dzakasimba kana dzine maitiro ekudhumhana.

Kune rimwe divi, kudzikiswa kwekushushikana kweiyo oxidation kana kugadzirisa kwe cosmetic kunoitwa nekuwedzera diki muzana yealuminium, pamwe nekumisa galvanizing kana aluminizing.

Naizvozvo, zvinoenderana nezvikamu zvinosanganisirwa mune chiwanikwa, simbi dzinopatsanurwa uye dzakapatsanurwa seinotevera:

• Simbi, yakajairwa kana yakadhindwa.
• Yakasimba simba simbi.
• Yakasimba kwazvo simbi simbi.
• Ultra-yakakwira simba simbi: yakasimba simba uye ductility (Fortiform), ine boron, nezvimwe.

Kuti uone chaizvo kuti chinhu chemota chakagadzirwa nesimbi, zvinokwana kuita bvunzo nemagineti, nepo mhando chaiyo yesimbi inogona kuwanikwa nekureva kune zvinyorwa zvemugadziri.

Aluminium alloys

Aluminium isimbi yakapfava ine mwero akati wandei yakaderera musimba kupfuura simbi zhinji uye inodhura uye yakaoma kugadzirisa uye solder. Zvisinei, inoderedza huremu kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi kusvika ku35%. uye haisi pasi pe oxidation, iyo simbi alloys inobatwa nayo.

Aluminium inoshandiswa sechinhu chemitumbi yemota uye maalloys ane simbi senge magnesium, zinc, silicon kana mhangura, uye inogona zvakare kunge iine zvimwe simbi simbi, manganese, zirconium, chromium kana titanium kusimudzira michina yavo zvimiro. ... Kana zvichidikanwa, kunatsiridza hunhu hwesimbi iyi panguva yekumonera, scandium inowedzerwawo pairi.

Aluminium alloys akarongedzwa zvinoenderana nenyaya dzakateerana, zvekuti maalloys anonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yemotokari ari chikamu che5000, 6000 uye 7000 akateedzana.

Imwe nzira yekuisa aya alloys ndeyekugona kuomesa. Izvi zvinogoneka kune 6000 uye 7000 alloy akatevedzana, nepo 5000 akatevedzana asiri.

Chakaita zvokugadzirwa zvinhu

Iko kushandiswa kwepurasitiki kwakura nekuda kwehuremu hwayo huremu, iwo makuru dhizaini mikana yaanopa, yavo oxidation kuramba uye yakaderera mutengo. Mukupesana, ayo makuru matambudziko ndeyekuti inoshatisa mashandiro nekufamba kwenguva, uye zvakare ine matambudziko nekupfeka, izvo zvinoda akati wandei maitiro ekugadzirira, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa.

Iwo ma polymers anoshandiswa muindasitiri yemotokari akaiswa muzvikwata zvinotevera.

• Thermoplastics, semuenzaniso, Polycarbonate (PC), Polypropylene (PP), Polyamide (PA), Polyethylene (PE), Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) kana musanganiswa.
• Thermosetting senge Resins, Epoxy resins (EP), girazi faibha rakasimbisa mapurasitiki (GRP) sePPGF30, kana isina-kuzara polyester resin (UP).
• Elastomers.

Mhando yepurasitiki inogona kuzivikanwa kuburikidza nekodhi yayo yekunyora, zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi kana bvunzo dzakananga.

Magirazi

Zvinoenderana nechinzvimbo chavanotora, girazi remotokari rakakamurwa kuva:

• Mahwindo ekumashure
• Windshields
• Side windows
• Magirazi ekuchengetedza

Kana iri yerudzi rwegirazi, ivo vanosiyana:

• Laminated girazi. Izvo zvine magirazi maviri akasungirirwa pamwechete nepurasitiki Polivinil Butiral (PVB), iyo inoramba yakasungwa pakati pavo. Iko kushandiswa kwefirimu kunobvisa njodzi yekuparara kwegirazi, inobvumidza kupenda kana kusviba, inosimudzira kunamatira.
• Girazi rakadzikama. Aya ndiwo magirazi ekuti tempering inoiswa mukati mekugadzira, pamwe chete nekudzvinyirira kwakasimba. Izvi zvinonyanya kuwedzera nzvimbo yekutyora, kunyangwe mushure mekupfuura uyu muganho, girazi rinopwanya kuita zvidimbu zvakawanda.

Kuzivikanwa kwerudzi rwegirazi, pamwe nerumwe ruzivo nezvazvo, iri pane silkscreen / kutara pagirazi chairo. Chekupedzisira, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mafafitera emhepo inzvimbo yekuchengetedza iyo inobata zvakananga muono wemutyairi, saka zvakakosha kuti uzvigare zvakanaka, kuzvigadzirisa kana kuzvitsiva kana zvichidikanwa, uchishandisa girazi gadzira-rakasimbiswa kubvarura, kusimudzira uye kusunga nzira.

mhedziso

Iko kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana kwemitumbi yemotokari kunogutsa kudiwa kwevagadziri kuti vagadzirise kune chaiwo mashandiro echikamu chimwe nechimwe chemotokari. Kune rimwe divi, inoomesesa mitemo yekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza inosungira kudzikisira huremu hwemotokari, ndosaka huwandu hwesimbi nyowani uye zvinhu zvekugadzira zvinoshandiswa muindasitiri yemotokari iri kukura.