Kuvakwa kwemotokari yechikoro chekutyaira

Iyo huru zvikamu zvechina-sitiroko peturu injini

Fixed zvikamu: humburumbira musoro, humburumbira block, crankcase, sepombi, mafuta gango.

Kufambisa zvikamu: 1. crank mashini: crankshaft, yekubatanidza tsvimbo, pisitoni, pisitoni mhete, pisitoni pini, seger fuses. 2nd timing mashandiro: camshaft, pusher, vharuvhu madzinde, rocker maoko, mavharuvhu, dzoka zvitubu.

Ina-sitiroko yakanaka kuvesa injini kushanda

1st time: kusveta: piston inofamba kubva kumusoro yakafa centre (DHW) kusvika pasi yakafa centre (DHW), valve yekupinda yekamuri yekupisa ndiyo inopinza musanganiswa wemafuta nemhepo.

2nd nguva: compression: iyo pisitoni inodzoka kubva kuDHW kuenda kuDHW uye musanganiswa wekutsveta wakamanikidzwa. Inlet uye nzira yokubudisa mavharuvhu zvakavharwa.

Nguva yechitatu: kuputika inotenderera ichimanikidzwa mu humburumbira.

Nguva ye4: kuneta: iyo pisitoni inodzoka kubva kuDH kuenda kuDH, iyo vharuvhu yekuvhura yakavhurika, zvigadzirwa zvemoto zvinomanikidzwa kupinda mumhepo kuburikidza nepombi yekuzadza.

Musiyano pakati pechina-sitiroko uye maviri-sitiroko injini

ina-stroke injini: matsiro mana episton anogadzirwa, maawa ese ebasa anoitwa papiston, crankshaft inoita mabhindauko maviri, ine mavharuvhu mashandiro, lubrication idzvinyiriro.

maviri-stroke injini: maawa maviri ebasa anoitwa panguva imwe chete, yekutanga kusveta uye kudzvinyirira, yechipiri kuputika uye kupera, maawa ekushanda anoitwa pamusoro uye pasi pepiston, crankshaft inopedza imwe shanduko, ine chiteshi chekugovera, lubrication ndiwo musanganiswa wayo wemafuta, peturu nemhepo.

Kugovaniswa kweHOV

Iyo camshaft iri muinjini block. Mavharuvhu (inlet uye outlet) anodzorwa neanosimudza, madzinde evharuvhu uye maoko edombo. Mavharuvhu akavharwa nekudzoka zvitubu. Iyo camshaft drive ndeyetani yekubatanidza. Kune imwe neimwe yerudzi rwevhavha nguva, crankshaft inotenderera 2 nguva uye camshaft inotenderera 1 nguva.

Kugoverwa kweOHC

Zvayakaita, zviri nyore. Iyo camshaft iri mumusoro we cylinder uye macams ayo anodzora akananga maoko edombo. Kusiyana neiyo kugoverwa kweHOV, hapana anosimudza uye mavhinga emagetsi. Iyo dhiraivha inogadzirwa kubva kune crankshaft kuburikidza neketani yekubatanidza kana bhanhire rine mazino.

Kurambana 2 OHC

Iine ma camshafts maviri ari mumusoro we cylinder, imwe yacho inodzora kudya uye mamwe mavharuvhu anopera. Iyo dhiraivha yakafanana neiyo OHC ichipa.

Mhando dze ekisi

kumberi, kumashure, pakati (kana zvichibvira), inotyairwa, inotyairwa (injini yekufambisa simba), yakamonerwa, isingadzorwe.

Battery kuvesa

Chinangwa: kupisa musanganiswa wakamanikidzwa panguva yakakodzera.

Chikamu: bhatiri, junction bhokisi, induction coil, muparidzi, wedunhu mudariki, capacitor, yakakwira voltage tambo, spark plugs.

Kushanda: mushure mekushandura kiyi mubhokisi rejoni uye nekumisikidza iwo magetsi (12 V) pane switch, iyi voltage inoshandiswa kune yekutanga kumhanyisa yeiyo induction coil. Yakakwira voltage (inosvika ku20 V) inofambiswa pamhepo yechipiri, iyo inogoverwa pakati peye yega plugi pluz muchirongwa 000-1-3-4 kuburikidza neruoko rwekuparadzanisa muparadzano pamwe netambo dzakakwira-magetsi. Iyo capacitor inoshanda kudzivirira kupisa kweiyo switch switch uye inobvisa yakawandisa simba.

аккумулятор

Inogara iine magetsi mumotokari yako.

Main zvikamu: kurongedza, zvakanaka (+) uye zvisina kunaka (-) masero, lead maplate, spacers, yakanaka uye isina bhatiri terminal. Iwo maseru akanyudzwa mune electrolyte muhombodo (musanganiswa wesulphuric acid ine mvura yakasanganiswa kusvika pakukora kwe28 kusvika 32 Be).

Kugadziriswa: kukwidza kumusoro nemvura yakasviba, hutsanana uye kusimbisa iko kwakanaka uye kwakashata kuonana.

Induction coil

Iyo inoshandiswa kukonzeresa (shandura) 12 V yazvino mune yakakwira magetsi iyezvino kusvika pa20 V. Inosanganisira kesi, yekutanga uye yechipiri mavhiri, iyo simbi simbi uye potting remubatanidzwa.

Kusiyana

Iyo inoshandiswa kugovera yakakwira voltage kune yega spark plugs panguva yakakodzera kuchengetedza injini ichimhanya nguva dzose uye zvakanaka. Iyo inogovera inofambiswa ne camshaft. Iyo dhizaini shaft inopera nemakamera anodzora chibatiso chinofambiswa (contact) chechinjiro, iyo iyo 12 V voltage inokanganiswa, uye panguva yekukanganiswa iyo yakakwira voltage inopinzwa muinduction coil, inotakurwa kuburikidza netambo kuenda. muparidzi. Pano magetsi anogoverwa kumakenduru. Chimwe chikamu chemugovera i capacitor, iyo inoshumira kudzivirira kupisa kwevanoshandura kushandura. Chimwe chikamu chinonzi vacuum centrifugal regulator. Zvichienderana nedzvinyiriro yekusveta mune yakawanda yekudya uye kumhanya kweinjini, ivo vanogadzirisa nguva yekubatidza kana injini ichimhanya ichiwedzera.

Magetsi zvigadzirwa mumotokari

Starter (chiridzwa chikuru), mwenje yemwenje, yambiro uye mwenje yekuyambira, runyanga, mafafitera emhepo, mwenje unotakurika, redhiyo, nezvimwe.

Starter

Chinangwa: kutanga injini.

Zvikamu: stator, rotor, stator ichitenderera, commutator, electromagnetic coil, giya, giya forogo.

Musimboti wekushanda: kana voltage ikaiswa kune iyo coil ichitenderera, musimboti wemagetsi emagetsi unodhonzwa muiyo coil. Iyo pinion inoiswa mukati meyewhewheel toothed mhete uchishandisa iyo pinion joko. Izvi zvinovhara iyo rotor kusangana, iyo inotenderera iyo yekutanga.

Jenareta

Chinangwa: sosi yemagetsi emagetsi mumotokari. Chero bedzi injini ichimhanya, inopa simba kuzvinhu zvese zvemagetsi zvinoshandiswa uye inobhadharisa bhatiri panguva imwe chete. Inotungamirwa kubva kune crankshaft uchishandisa V-bhandi. Iyo inogadzira inochinjika yazvino, iyo inogadziriswa kune inogara voltage nemagetsi ekugadzirisa.

Zvikamu: stator ine ichitenderera, rotor ine ichitenderera, rectifier diode, bhatiri, kabhoni mubati, fan.

dynamo

Shandisa seimwe chinotsiva. Musiyano uripo ndewekuti unopa kunze kwazvino kuitika, ine simba shoma.

Makenduru emagetsi

Chinangwa: kubatidza musanganiswa wakayamwa-mukati uye wakamanikidzwa.

Zvikamu: yakanaka uye yakaipa electrode, zvedongo insulator, shinda.

Sachigaro muenzaniso: N 14-7 - N yakajairika shinda, 14 shinda dhayamita, 7 inopenya plugs.

Kutonhora mhando

Chinangwa: kubviswa kweakawandisa kupisa kubva muinjini uye kuona iko kushanda tembiricha.

mvura: inoshumira kubvisa kupisa, iyo inogadzirwa nekuda kwekuputika kwezvikamu zvejini uye kubvisa kupisa panguva yekupisa (kuputika). Nokuda kweizvi, mvura yakasvibiswa inoshandiswa, uye munguva yechando - antifreeze. Inogadzirirwa nekusanganisa mvura yakasvibiswa ne antifreeze coolant (Fridex, Alycol, Nemrazol). Chiyero chezvikamu zvinoenderana neinoda kutonhora (eg -25 ° C).

mhepo: 1. dhizaini, 2. kumanikidzwa: a) kuzorora, b) kudzvinyirira.

Kutonhora system zvikamu: redhiyeta, pombi yemvura. bhachi remvura, thermostat, tembiricha yekunzwa, thermometer, hoses nemapombi, kudhonza gomba.

Kushanda: mushure mekushandura injini, pombi yemvura (inotungamirirwa ne crankshaft kuburikidza ne-V-belt) inoshanda, basa racho nderokutenderera mvura. Mvura iyi inotenderera kana injini ichitonhora chete mune yakaparadzana injini block uye humburumbira musoro. Kana ichidziya kusvika ku80°C, thermostat inovhura kuyerera kwemvura kuburikidza nevharuvhu kuenda kuchitonhodza, kubva ipapo pombi yemvura inopomba kunze kwemvura yakatonhodzwa. Izvi zvinosundira mvura inopisa kubva mucylinder block uye ichipinda muradiator. Iyo thermostat yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza inogara ichishanda tembiricha yeinotonhodza (80-90°C).

Grease

Chinangwa: zora zvinofamba zvikamu uye kukweshera nzvimbo, inotonhorera, chisimbiso, geza tsvina uye chengetedza zvinofamba kubva kukora.

Pressure lubrication: inoitwa nemafuta einjini. Iyo oiri sump inogara giya pombi inokwevera oiri kuburikidza nedengu rekukweva uye inotsikirira ichipokana nezvikamu zvinofamba (crank-timing mechanism) kuburikidza nematanho ekuzora. Kuseri kwepombi yegiya kune vharafu yekuyamura inodzivirira kit yekuzora kubva pakumanikidzwa kukuru mumafuta akakora, anotonhora. Oiri inomanikidzwa kuburikidza nemafuta ekuchenesa (sefa) inoteya tsvina. Imwezve ruzivo ioiri pressure sensor ine alarm pane chiridzwa pane. Mafuta anoshandiswa pakuzora anodzorerwa mugango remafuta. Injini yemafuta zvishoma nezvishoma inorasikirwa nemafuta ayo ekuzora, saka inofanira kuchinjwa mushure mekumhanya kwe15 kusvika ku30 zviuru zvemakiromita (yakatemwa nemugadziri). Kutsiva kunoitwa mushure mekutyaira, injini ichiri kudziya. Panguva imwecheteyo, unofanirwa kutsiva mafuta ekuchenesa.

Girisi: Inoshandiswa mune maviri-sitiroko injini. Tinofanira kuwedzera kune peturu injini mafuta ayo akagadzirirwa maviri-sitiroko peturu injini muhuwandu hunoratidzwa nemugadziri (semuenzaniso, 1:33, 1:45, 1:50).

Mwaya lubrication: Oiri inosaswa pazvinhu zvinofamba.

Vehicle nemotokari hurongwa

Nhoroondo: injini, batira, gearbox, propeller shaft, gearbox, kusiyanisa, maasi, mavhiri. Simba rinotapurirana kuburikidza nezvakatumidzwa zvikamu uye mota inofambiswa. Kana injini, batira, hutachiwana uye musiyano zvakabatana pamwechete, hapana PTO mugodhi.

Связь

Chinangwa: inoshandiswa kuchinjisa injini simba kubva kuinjini kuenda kugearbox uye yekudzima kwenguva pfupi, pamwe nekutangisa kwakapfava.

Details: batira chitiviri, batira humburumbira, kuroora lever, kusunungura inobereka, kusunungura levers, compression matsime, kumanikidza ndiro ne lining, batira nhoo. Bharanzi rekumanikidza ndiro riri muvhiri remhepo, iro rakabatana zvakasimba necrankshaft. Disengage uye batanidza batira pamwe batira chitiviri.

Kupararira kwehutachiona

Chinangwa: inoshanda pakushandisa kwakakwana kwesimba reinjini. Nekuchinja magiya, mota inogona kufamba nekumhanya kwakasiyana painogara ichimhanya injini, ichikunda nzvimbo dzakaomarara kana uchityaira, uchienda kumberi, uchidzokera kumashure uye usingashandi.

Tsanangudzo: gearbox, kutyaira, inotyairwa uye yepakati miseve, magiya, regedza giya, inotsvedza maforogo, yekudzora lever, kutumira mafuta kuzadza.

Gearbox

Chinangwa: kugovera simba remota kumavhiri eiyo axle yekutyaira.

Details: gearbox, giya, Disc vhiri.

Kutsiva: kufambisa mafuta.

Kusiyanisa

Chinangwa: Inoshandiswa kupatsanura kumhanya kwemavhiri ekuruboshwe uye kurudyi kana pakona. Iyo inongogara iri chete pane yekutyaira ekisero.

Mhando: tapered (vafambi vemotokari), kumberi (mamwe marori)

Zvikamu: kusiyanisa dzimba = kusiyanisa keji, satellite uye mapuraneti magiya.

Fuel system yeinjini peturu

Chinangwa: kuendesa mafuta kune carburetor.

Details: tangi, mafuta cleaner, diaphragm kutakura mafuta pombi, carburetor.

Iyo pombi yemafuta inotyairwa necamshaft. Kufambisa pombi kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, peturu inoyamwa kubva mutangi uye, ichisimudza iyo kumusoro, inosundira iwo mafuta mukamuri yekuyangarara ye carburetor. Iyo tangi yemafuta yakashongedzwa neiyo inoyerera iyo inoona huwandu hwemafuta mutangi.

Kumanikidzwa kutakura (tangi yakadzikiswa, carburetor kumusoro).

Nemagiravhiti (tank kumusoro, carburetor pasi mudhudhudhu).

Carburetor

Chinangwa: inoshandiswa kugadzirira mweya-peturu musanganiswa muchiyero che1: 16 (peturu 1, mweya 16).

Zvikamu: inoyangarara kamuri, inoyerera, inoyerera tsono, inosanganisa kamuri, diffuser, main kamwene, idle kamwene, accelerator bhomba ****, throttle vharafu, throttle.

Sytic

Ichi chikamu checarburetor. Iyo inoshandiswa kusimbisa musanganiswa kana uchitanga injini munzvimbo inotonhora. Iyo throttle inoshandiswa nerevheta kana otomatiki kana iine bimetallic chitubu, iyo inozoivhura yega mushure mekutonhora.

Accelerator pombi ****

Ichi chikamu checarburetor. Iyo yekumhanyisa bhomba **** yakabatana kune yekuwedzera accelerator. Iyo inoshandiswa kupfumisa musanganiswa ipapo kana iyo yekumhanyisa chinongedzo ichiora mwoyo.

Hurumende

Chinangwa: fambisa mota munzira kwayo.

Zvikamu: mudhiraivho, mudhiraivho, giya rekufambisa, ruoko rwekutungamira, tsvimbo yekufambisa, lever yemagetsi, majoini ebhora.

crest
sikuruwa
sikuruwa

mabhureki

Chinangwa: kudzora uye kumisa zvakachengeteka mota, kuichengetedza kubva kune wega-kufamba.

Nekugadzwa:

mushandi (anokanganisa mavhiri ese)
kupaka (chete pamavhiri eshure rekumashure)
emergency (kupaka bhureki kunoshandiswa)
nzvimbo (marori chete)

Pane kutonga pamavhiri:

shaya (dhiramu)
dhisiki

Hydraulic akamedura

Inoshandiswa sebhureki rebasa, iri mbiri yedunhu rakaputsa tsoka.

Details: akamedura chitiviri, tenzi humburumbira, akamedura mvura dziva, mapaipi, vhiri akamedura sepombi, akamedura Mapedhi pamwe linings, akamedura dhiramu (nokuti shure mavhiri), akamedura Disc (pamberi mavhiri), akamedura nhoo.

Zvokuimba akamedura

Inoshandiswa seyokupaka mabhureki, inoshandirwa nemaoko, inoshanda chete pamashure easi ekisero, inoshanda seyakakurumidza kuputsa.

Details: ruoko bhureki mhikuriso, chengetedzo tsvimbo, waya mota netambo tambo, akamedura shangu tensioner.

Vanonatsa mweya

Chinangwa: inoshandiswa kuchenesa mweya unotora mu carburetor.

Yakaoma: bepa, inzwa.

Wet: pasuru yacho ine mafuta anoteya tsvina, uye mweya wakacheneswa unopinda mu carburetor. Tsvina yekuchenesa vamiririri inofanirwa kucheneswa uye kutsiviwa gare gare.

Kufungidzira

Chinangwa: inopa iko kusangana kwevhiri nemugwagwa uye inoshandura inoshandura kusaenzana kwemugwagwa kumuviri.