Hupenyu hwebhatiri. Motokari dzemagetsi uye dzakasanganiswa

Kuiswa kwemagetsi emotokari hakuchisiri ramangwana risina kujeka. Izvi ndezvechokwadi! Tesla, Nissan, Toyota Prius hybrid uye vamwe vagadziri vemotokari yemagetsi vanogona kunge vakashandura chiso chemusika wemotokari zvachose. Vatambi vakuru vari mumutambo. Mukwikwidzi mukuru weToyota, ichiti ndiyo iri pamusoro pekutengesa pasi rose, Volkswagen yakatanga zviri pamutemo kugadzirwa kweID.4 musi wa3 Mbudzi. Angela Merkel akaoneka pakugadzwa kwacho, achiratidza kuti hurumende yeGermany yakakomba sei pakuiswa kwemagetsi muindasitiri yemotokari. Mugadziri pachake anotsanangura ID.3 semuvambi wechitsauko chitsva munhoroondo yechiratidzo, mushure meBeetle neGorofu.

Chokwadi, vatyairi vane zvakawanda zvinovanetsa pamusoro pekuchinja kwemagetsi. Chimwe chinonyanya kunetsa hupenyu hwebhatiri. Ngationei zvatinoziva nezvazvo nhasi. Mabhatiri emotokari yehybrid uye yemagetsi anoita sei mukushandiswa kwemazuva ese? Simba ravo rinodzikira sei nekufamba kwenguva zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda? Muverengi anodiwa, ndinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge chinyorwa.

Hupenyu hwebhatiri. Sezvizvi?

Hybrid uye mota dzemagetsi dzave dziri muindasitiri yemotokari kwenguva yakareba zvekuti vagadziri uye makambani akazvimirira anogona kutenga yekutanga mumiriri mhedziso.

Toyota piyona mumotokari yehybrid tekinoroji yekugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwepamusoro. Iyo Prius yanga iri pamusika kubvira 2000, saka huwandu hwe data yakaunganidzwa uye maonero evatengi ihwaro hwakasimba hwekufunga nezvazvo.

Zvinoitika kuti hupenyu hwebhatiri hunoshandiswa musanganiswa wemugadziri wechiJapan hurefu husingatarisirwi. Nyaya yemutyairi wetekisi weViennese Manfred Dvorak, uyo akafamba makiromita anopfuura mamiriyoni e8 muchizvarwa chake chechipiri Toyota Prius mumakore 1, inyaya inozivikanwa uye yakanyorwa zvakanaka! Iyo mota inoshongedzerwa neyekutanga bhatiri paki uye inoramba ichityaira mumigwagwa yeVienna mune yakazara kushanda kurongeka.

Sezvineiwo, vatyairi veWarsaw taxi vanewo maonero akafanana. Mubvunzurudzo dzangu, vatyairi vemakambani ekufambisa ane mukurumbira pamusika wedu vakafadzwa nemahybrids ekuJapan. Yekutanga pane iyi yaityairwa neToyota Auris hybrid yakatengwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo inotengeswa. Mota yakashongedzerwa pakarepo mushure mekutenga neHBO yekumisikidza yakafamba anopfuura hafu yemiriyoni makiromita pasina kuparara kudiki, uye mutyairi haaone kuderera kunooneka mukushanda kwemabhatiri ekuzvarwa. Maererano neake nevamwe vake, mabhatiri ezvikamu zvakasanganiswa anofanirwa kugara achishandiswa, izvo, mukuona kwake, zvinowedzera hupenyu hwavo hwebasa. Wechipiri mutyairi wetekisi, muridzi wePrius + akaunzwa kubva kunze kwenyika, arikufadzwawo neiyo hybrid unit iri kushanda. Mota yakatengwa nemamileage anopfuura 200. km, yakafamba 190 km mumigwagwa yeWarsaw, ine bhatiri rekutanga uye inoramba ichityaira. Pandakabvunza nezve fungidziro yavo yese yekusimba kwemota musevhisi, vese vakafananidza kusimba kwavo nemadhiramu ekare eMercedes. Nekudaro, kwete chete iyo yakasanganiswa Toyota ndiyo inofarirwa nevatyairi vetekisi. Rimwe sangano rinoshanda mumigwagwa yeSan Francisco rakanga riine 000 mahybrid Escape Ford anomhanya mamaira 15 500 pamabhatiri awo ekutanga asati araswa.

Hupenyu hwebhatiri. Maererano nenyanzvi

Tinoziva mafungiro evatyairi vetekisi, asi nyanzvi dzinogadzirazve mabhatiri dzinoti kudii nezvekugara kwemabhatiri mumahybrids?

Sekureva kweWarsaw-based JD Serwis, iyo yakura sisitimu, ndiyo inonyanya kusimba mabhatiri. Mazhinji echizvarwa chechipiri chePrius modhi vachiri kukwanisa kuchovha ma link avo ekutanga (makore gumi nematanhatu) uye anosvika 16 makiromita kana kupfuura nyore. Vatsva vane hupenyu hupfupi hwebasa uye vanofungidzirwa pa400-000 zviuru. km munyaya yechizvarwa chechi300 Prius. Sezvauri kuona, hupenyu hwebhatiri hwemotokari dzakasanganiswa hunokatyamadza. Vagadziri, seToyota, hapana chavakasiya. Iyo komputa yekugovera magetsi inovimbisa kuti bhatiri rinoshanda mukati meiyo yakakwana yekuchaja renji, i.e. pakati pe400% ne20%. Mukuwedzera, iyo bhatiri pack yakashongedzerwa nesystem inochengetedza inogara tembiricha yekushanda mamiriro. Nyanzvi dzinosimbisawo maonero evatyairi vetekisi vambotaurwa. Mabhatiri haafarire kuderera. Kurebesa, mwedzi yakati wandei yekusashanda kwemota, kunyanya kana yakamira nebhatiri radzimwa zvachose, inopfupisa hupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi.  

Onawo: Yakasviba rezinesi rezinesi mubhadharo

Sezvineiwo, JD Serwis anoramba pfungwa yekuti mabhatiri emota yehybrid haashandiswe nekutyaira kazhinji achimhanya zvakanyanya. Maererano nemafungiro ari pamusoro apa, munyaya iyi, zvinhu zvinoshanda nenzira inoramba ichibuda, iyo inokanganisa hupenyu hwavo hwebasa. Nyanzvi dzesaiti yeWarsaw dzinovimbisa kuti nerudzi urwu rwekushanda, mota yemagetsi inobviswa kubva pakufamba kwemota, saka iyo inongokanganisa chete ichave yakanyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta peturu unit.    

Uye vanogadzira ma hybrid drive vanoti chii nezvenyaya iyi? Toyota inopa waranti yemakore gumi pamabhatiri, uye Hyundai inopa makore masere kana 10 km. Sezvauri kuona, kunyangwe vanogadzira auto vanotenda mukuvimbika uye kusimba kwemasero. Rangarira, zvisinei, kuti, sezviri mumotokari dzinopisa dzinopisa mukati, mamiriro ekuchengetedza waranti pabhatiri ndeyekuti mota inogara ichishandirwa nemusangano unobvumidzwa.

Hupenyu hwebhatiri. "Vagadziri vemagetsi"

Isu tinoziva kuti zvakaita sei nemota dzakasanganiswa. Hupenyu hwebhatiri hwemotokari dzemagetsi ndohupi? American Tesla, iyo ine nhamba yemhando dzemagetsi, uye Nissan, ane Leaf model yave iri pamusika kwemakore gumi, yakaunganidza yakawanda data pamusoro peiyi nyaya. Mugadziri wekuJapan anoti chete 10% yemayuniti akatengeswa aive nebhatiri rakaremara, vamwe vese vachiri kunakidzwa nekufamba-kusinganetse. Nissan yakatotsvaga vatengi vakatenga dzimwe mota dzekutanga kusvika pamusika. Zvakazoitika kuti mumotokari zhinji mabhatiri aive muchimiro chakanaka, uye assortment yavo yaive yakasiyana zvishoma neyefekitari. Nekudaro, kwave nemishumo mumapepanhau inotaura nyaya umo mutyairi wetekisi wekuSpain akashandisa Nissan Leaf setekisi. Muchiitiko chakatsanangurwa, huwandu hwebhatiri hwakadzikira ne0,01% mushure mekumhanya kwe50 km. Iwe unogona zvakare wakanzwa nezvenyaya dzakafanana kubva kune vashandisi veAustralia. Nyanzvi dzinoti izvi zvinokonzerwa nekupisa kwaishandiswa motokari idzi. Nissan Leaf, seimwe yemhando shoma dzemagetsi dziripo pamusika, haina kutonhora / kupisa kwemasero ebhatiri, ayo mumamiriro ekushanda zvakanyanya anogona kukanganisa kusimba kwavo kwese uye kuderera kwechinguva mukushanda (semuenzaniso, mukutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze) . .

American Tesla inoshandisa mvura-yakatonhorera / inopisa mabhatiri mune yega yega modhi yainogadzira, izvo zvinoita kuti mabhatiri arambe achipikisa mamiriro ekunze ekunze. Sekureva kwePlug In America, iyo yakaedza iyo Tesla S, kuderera kwesero kuri padanho re5% mushure mekutanga 80 km, uyezve mwero wekurasikirwa kwezvivakwa zvefekitori unodzikira zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoenderana nemafungiro evashandisi pachavo, avo vanofungidzira kuderera kwehuwandu hwemotokari dzavo pamwero wezana muzana mumakore mashoma ekutanga ekushanda. Mugadziri wacho anofungidzira hupenyu hwesevhisi yezvinhu zvakashandiswa parizvino pa000 - 500 km, izvo zvinoenderana nedata rakapihwa neAmerican brand vanofarira. Mumwe wavo ndiMeraine Kumans. Kubva 000, yanga ichiunganidza ruzivo kubva kuTesla X uye S vashandisi vanoshandisa iyo teslamotorsclub.com forum. Kubva pane data raakaunganidza, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti, paavhareji, pamakiromita 800, mabhatiri eTesla achiri nefekitari inoshanda ye000%. Sezvo vakafungidzira kuti mabhatiri acharasikirwa nawo ane simba rakafanana, nekumhanya kwe2014 km, ivo vachiri kuchengetedza 270% yehuwandu hwavo.   

Sezvineiwo, Tesla nguva pfupi yadarika akapa bhatiri rakavandudzwa relithium-ion iro masayendisiti anofungidzira hupenyu hwemakiromita 1! Ivo vangangove vekutanga kuenda kuCyber ​​​​Truck yakaziviswa naElon Musk, iyo yakatanga munaNovember 500 gore rino.

Zvinofadza kuti mumazuva matatu chete, maodha anopfuura 3 200 akaiswa pairi!

Hapana zvishoma tarisiro data yakaunganidzwa neRenault mainjiniya. Kuongororwa kwemagetsi emagetsi emhando iyi, iyo yave ichishanda kwemakore, inoratidza kurasikirwa kwesimba kwe1% pagore. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mabhatiri emotokari dzeFrance anoshingaira kutonhodzwa nemhepo, achishandisa air conditioner yakakosha uye kumanikidzirwa kutenderera ne fan.

Hupenyu hwebhatiri. Fast charger

Isu tatoziva kuti kana mabhatiri akadzikama (Nissan Leaf, VW e-Golf, VW e-Up), mamiriro ekunze akanyanya, kunyanya kupisa, ane kukanganisa kusimba kwavo. Kutyaira kwenguva refu mumarejista nemutengo wakaderera kuchavawo kukuvadza. Uye kushandisa majaja anokurumidza kukanganisa sei hupenyu hwebhatiri? Nyanzvi dzakaedza mhando mbiri dzakafanana dzeNissan Leaf dzine huwandu hweanopfuura 80 km. Imwe yaichajwa chete kubva kunetiweki yekumba, imwe yacho kubva kuchaji dzekukasika. Musiyano muhutano hunobudirira hwemabhatiri waiva 000% kune kukanganisa kwechikwata chinopomerwa simba rakawanda. Sezvauri kuona, kumhanya kwekuchaja kunokanganisa hupenyu hwebhatiri, asi kwete zvakanyanya.          

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mabhatiri akashandiswa haafaniri kuraswa pakarepo, iyo inowanzotaurwa senharo mukufarira kusiri kwezvakatipoteredza zvemagetsi emagetsi. Mabhatiri akasakara kubva pakuona kwemota anowanzo kuve nefekitari inoshanda isingasviki 70%. Vanogona kubudirira kushandiswa kwemakore akawanda, somuenzaniso, kuchengetedza magetsi anogadzirwa kubva kune simba rekugadzirisa simba, nezvimwewo. Nokudaro, hupenyu hwavo hwose hunogona kupedzwa kunyange mumakore makumi maviri.

Hupenyu hwebhatiri. Inogona kutora nguva yakareba sei?

Pakupedzisira, mazwi mashomanana pamusoro pevimbiso iyo vagadziri vega vanopa mabhatiri emotokari dzavo dzemagetsi. Makambani ese anovimbisa makore masere ekushanda pasina matambudziko. Mamiriro acho anosiyana zvakanyanya mukosi. Tesla inokupa iwe usingagumi makiromita. Kunze kweiyo muenzaniso "8", iyo, zvichienderana neshanduro, yakapihwa muganhu we3 kana 160 km. Hyundai inovimbisa kusagadzikana-isina mileage ye000 km, nepo Nissan, Renault neVolkswagen garandi 192 km. BMW i Smart inopa diki miganhu. Pano tinogona kuverenga 000 km yekutyaira isina matambudziko.

Hupenyu hwebhatiri. Summary

Muchidimbu, kune akawanda mahybrid uye emagetsi mota munyika zvekuti isu tinogona nechivimbo uye nemazvo kuziva hupenyu hwemabhatiri anovapa simba kubva kune data ratinounganidza. Zvinoitika kuti vanokahadzika vakaongorora kusimba kwemabhatiri emotokari zvichibva pane ruzivo nemabhatiri emafoni emafoni uye malaptop vaive vakanganisa. Hupenyu hwesevhisi hwemagetsi emagetsi emotokari zvakashamisa vagadziri vacho pachavo, izvo zvaireva kuti vamwe vavo vaigona kuwedzera waranti yefekitori pazvinhu izvi.

Paunenge uchitenga mamodheru emagetsi akashandiswa, kunyangwe iwo ane makore 8-10, unogona kuenderera kubva pakuti kushanda kwemabhatiri kusvika kumakiromita 400 km kunofanira kunge kusina dambudziko, izvo zviri pachena zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. motokari yakaitwa. Naizvozvo, tisati tatenga mota, tinofanira kuenda kumusangano wakasarudzika wekutarisa bhatiri. Iyi sevhisi inongodhura PLN zana chete (maererano neiyo JD Serwis mutengo runyorwa) uye ichatipa pfungwa yakajairika yemamiriro ebhatiri. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti kuvandudzwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza tekinoroji kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera. Nguva pfupi isati yatanga yeTesla yakagadziridzwa lithium-ion bhatiri, hupenyu hwesevhisi huchapfuura mirau yazvino kanenge kaviri. Graphene mabhatiri atove mumutsara wetekinoroji, iyo ichapa imwezve, nhanho-nhanho kuvandudzwa mukushanda parameters. Sezvauri kuona, hupenyu hupfupi hwebhatiri hwemotokari dzemagetsi ndeimwe ngano yemotokari.

Onawo: Zvaunoda kuziva nezvebhatiri