Socialist magamba: wekutanga Skoda Octavia

Kubva kuSoviet neAmerica mabhomba kusvika kune yakabudirira kwazvo kutumira kunze kwenyika kwecommunist Czechoslovakia

Kusvika Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri, Czechoslovakia yaive neimwe yemaindasitiri emotokari akagadziridzwa pasirese - aine huwandu hwevagadziri, mamodheru uye hupfumi hunoyemurika hweayo tekinoroji uye dhizaini mhinduro.

Ehe, pakanga paine shanduko dzakakosha mushure mehondo. Kutanga, muna Kubvumbi naMay 1945, veAllied mabhomba akaparadza mafekitori eSkoda muPilsen neMlada Boleslav.

Mufananidzo wefaira uyu unoratidza iyo US 324th Bomber Squadron iri munzira kuenda kuchinangwa chayo chekupedzisira chehondo, kubhomba kwefekitori yeSkoda muPilsen.

Kunyangwe panguva iyoyo vakagadzira zvombo zvemauto zvevaGerman, zvidyarwa zviviri izvi zvakaramba zvichishanda kusvika zvino, sezvo zviri padyo nenzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda uye njodzi yekukuvadzwa kwevanhu yakakwira. Muchirimo cha1945, hondo yakanga yava kupera, uye zvakanga zviri pachena kuti zvigadzirwa zvemafekitari maviri aya zvaisazokwanisa kusvika kumberi. Sarudzo yekurwisa Pilsen musi wa25 Kubvumbi ndeyezvematongerwo enyika - kuitira kuti mota nemidziyo zvirege kuwira mumaoko emauto eSoviet. Vashandi vatanhatu chete vemufekitari vakaurayiwa muPilsen, asi mabhomba akadonha zvisirizvo akaparadza dzimba 335 uye akauraya makumi matanhatu nenomwe vanhuwo zvavo.

Iyo chirimwa muMladá Boleslav yakabhombwa neSoviet Petlyakov Pe-2, rinenge zuva mushure mekupera kwehondo.

Kunyanya kukakavara kubhomba kwaMlada Boleslav kwakaitwa neSoviet Air Force muna Chivabvu 9 - rinenge zuva mushure mekuzvipira kweGerman. Guta inzvimbo yakakosha yekufambisa uye mauto mazhinji eGerman akaungana pano. Chikonzero chekurwiswa ndechekusatevedzera mitemo yekuzvipira. 500 vanhu vakafa, zana nemakumi mashanu vavo vaive vagari vekuCzech, fekitori yeSkoda yakadonha.

Aya ndiwo matarisiro akaita chirimwa muMlada Boleslav mabhomba eSoviet. Mufananidzo kubva kuCzech State Archives.

Pasinei nekukuvadza, Skoda yakakurumidza kudzorera kugadzirwa nekuunganidza hondo isati yatanga Yakakurumbira 995. Uye muna 1947, apo kugadzirwa kweMoskvich-400 (chaizvoizvo Opel Kadett yemuenzaniso we1938) yakatanga muU.SR, maCzech akanga akagadzirira. kupindura neyavo yekutanga mushure mehondo modhi - iyo Skoda 1101 Tudor.

Muchokwadi, uyu hausi mutsva zvachose, asi ingori mota yemazuva ano kubva kuma30. Inotyairwa ne1.1-litre 32 injini yemagetsi (yekufananidza, injini yeMuscovite inogadzira 23 chete emabhiza pahuwandu hwakaenzana).

1101 Tudor - yekutanga mushure mehondo Skoda modhi

Shanduko inonyanya kukosha muTudor iri mudhizaini - ichiri nemapapiro akabuda, kwete pontoon dhizaini, asi ichiri yazvino kupfuura mhando dzepamberi pehondo.

Tudor haisi yemhando yakawanda: zvigadzirwa zviri kushomeka, uye mune yatove socialist Czechoslovakia (mushure me1948), mugariwo zvake haakwanise kurota mota yake. Muna 1952, somuenzaniso, motokari dzepachivande dzakanyoreswa chete 53. Chikamu chekugadzirwa chinoenda kuuto kubva kuhurumende nevakuru vebato, asi chikamu cheshumba - kusvika ku90% - chinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuti chipe nyika mari inoshandurwa. Ndicho chikonzero Skoda 1101-1102 ine zvakawanda zvakagadziridzwa: inoshandurwa, ngoro yemasuo matatu uye kunyange roadster.

Skoda 1200. Kazhinji vagari veCzechoslovak havagone kuutenga, kunyangwe kana vaine nzira.

Muna 1952, Skoda 1200 yakawedzerwa kune mutsara - yekutanga modhi ine muviri wesimbi, nepo Tudor aive nayo zvishoma. Injini inotogadzira 36 horsepower, uye muSkoda 1201 - kusvika 45 mabhiza. Mavhezheni eiyo 1202 chiteshi ngoro inogadzirwa muVrahlabi inotumirwa kune yese musasa wesocialist, kusanganisira Bulgaria, seamburenzi. Hapana munhu muEastern Bloc akagadzira rudzi urwu rwemotokari parizvino.

Skoda 1202 Combi seamburenzi. Izvo zvinotumirwa muBulgaria, kunyangwe isu tisingakwanise kuwana data pane chaiwo manhamba. Vamwe vavo vachiri kushanda muzvipatara zvematunhu muma80.

Muchikamu chechipiri che50s, mushure mekuputsika kweStalinism uye chinamato chehunhu, kusimuka kunooneka kwakatanga muCzechoslovakia, zvese zvemweya nemaindasitiri. Kuratidzira kwayo kwakajeka muSkoda ndiyo itsva yemuenzaniso 440. Yakanga ichinzi Spartak, asi yakasiya zita racho. - isingaite seyakanyanya kumukira kune vangangotenga vatengi kuMadokero. Yekutanga yakatevedzana inofambiswa neinozivikanwa 1.1-horsepower 40-litre injini, ichiteverwa ne445 1.2-liter 45-horsepower variant. Iyi ndiyo motokari yekutanga kunzi Skoda Octavia.

Skoda 440 Spartak. Zvisinei, zita reThracian gladiator rakakurumidza kubviswa kuitira kuti vatengi vari kuseri kwe "Iron Curtain" vasazoriwanawo "komunisiti". CSFR Inoshuvira Yekushandura Mari

Zvekare, maCzech anotarisa kunze kwenyika anopa akasiyana mafomu - kune sedan, kune matatu-mikova chiteshi ngoro, pane inoyevedza yakapfava-yepamusoro uye yakaoma-yepamusoro roadster inonzi Felicia. Naivowo vari mitambo mapatya-carb shanduro - 1.1-litre injini inobudisa 50 horsepower, nepo 1.2-litre inoita 55. Kumhanya kwepamusoro kunokwira kusvika 125 km / h - chiratidzo chakanaka chenguva yekufamba kuduku kwakadaro.

Skoda Octavia, 1955 kuburitswa

Mukutanga kwe60s, chirimwa muMladá Boleslav chakavakwazve uye chakatanga kugadzira mhando nyowani ine injini yekumashure - Skoda 1000 MB (kubva kuMlada Boleslav, kunyangwe в MuBulgarian mota ngano, inozivikanwa zvakare se "1000 Vachena". Asi injini yekumashure uye ngoro yechiteshi haisi musanganiswa wakanaka kwazvo, saka kugadzirwa kwekare Skoda Octavia Combi kwakaenderera mberi kusvika kumavambo 70s.