Skyactiv X ine auto mota und mutambo tekinoroji mubairo

Mazda's state-of-the-art engine inohwina Media Muvambi Paul Pietsch Mubairo

Gore rega rega auto mota und mitambo midhiya inopa yepasi rose Paul Pitch mubairo wekuvandudza tekinoroji. Panguva iyo kufamba kwemagetsi kuri kuramba kuchionekwa sekutsiva injini yemoto yemukati, mubairo wePaul Pietsch 2020 wakapihwa injini yekupisa yakadaro. Zvisinei, ine avant-garde hunhu. Hapana imwe kambani yakawana musanganiswa we homogenization seinjini yepeturu uye kuzvishingisa kunge injini yedhiziri, nezvakanakira mhando mbiri dzeinjini mumhando yekugadzira. Ino inguva yekukuudza zvakare nezve mashandisiro anoita mudziyo uyu.

Nekumanikidza jekiseni repeturu senge muinjini yedhiziri, spark plug ignition, kuzvibatidza, "λ" iri kuramba ichichinja, Skyactiv X ichokwadi shanduko muindasitiri yemotokari.

Mazda's HCCI injini yekuvandudza inodzokera kumashure anopfuura makore makumi matatu uye yakanyanya kutarisana nekudzamisa kwakadzama kwemafuta mukuvandudza kweiyo Wankel injini. Zvizvarwa zvinoverengeka zveinjiniya zvinodzidziswa pachinhu ichi, icho chinogadzira yakawanda yemusoro uye matambudziko, asi zvakare inounza yakawanda ruzivo.

Yakanga iri mukatikati mejini inotenderera iyo yekutanga prototypes yemichina ine homogeneous kusanganisa uye kuzvidzikisira zvakawanikwa. Injini yeWankel inoshandawo sepuratifomu yekuvandudza tekinoroji dzakasiyana-siyana dzine chekuita neturbo - iyi ndiyo RX-7, iyo inosuma yekutanga VNT turbocharger, mapatya-jet turbines uye cascade refueling muinjini yepeturu yaishandiswa chete nePorsche.

X-Files

Zvisinei, hwaro hwakananga hweSkyactiv X yemazuva ano ndiyo yakatoratidzwa chizvarwa chitsva chemichina yepeturu Skyactiv G uye Skyactiv D. Kana iwe ukatarisa mhinduro dzakapihwa mumidziyo iyi, iwe uchaona kuti kune imwe nhanho "yakaitika". “Muchirimwa chitsva cheSPCCI, kubva muruzivo rwakawanwa kubva mukuongorora makamuri anopisa kusvika pakuyerera kwenyonganyonga.

Zvinoenderana nefungidziro iyi, Skyactiv X inoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo 2ZR-FXE peturu injini inofambiswa neToyota Prius (ichishandisa Atkinson cycle) ne39 muzana, asi Mazda pachayo inoziva kuti iyi yepamusoro haisi iyo inonyanya kukosha. Kazhinji yenguva injini inomhanya pane chikamu chekutakura uye avhareji yeinjini yepeturu inodonha zvakanyanya. Nekuda kwekuti kazhinji Skyactiv X inoshanda neyakavhurika butterfly vharafu, kurasikirwa kwepombi kwakadzikira zvakanyanya uye avhareji yekubudirira inowedzera. Izvi, zvakasanganiswa nehupamhi hwekumanikidza, zvinoguma nekuwedzera kwekubatana mukubudirira.

Kubudirira kukuru kwevaMazda mainjiniya inyaya yekuti yavo Skyactiv X inoshanda mune yakafanana uye yekuzvibatidza nzira pamusoro peakasiyana siyana ekumhanya uye mitoro. Mukuita, inobatanidza maitiro anoshandiswa kwete chete mudhiziri uye peturu injini, asi zvakare zvakafanana neaya anoshandiswa muinjini-gasi-dhiziri uye dzakaonda-kupisa peturu injini. Mune yekupedzisira, zvakajairika uye zvakashata nzvimbo dzakaumbwawo, asi zvakasiyana navo, uko maitiro anoitika zvachose pamberi pechiedza, kana iri Mazda, musanganiswa wakashata unopisa pakarepo nekubatsirwa nepulagi.

Chii chiri kuitika muSkyactiv X? Injini dzese dzekuyedza dzinoshanda maererano neiyo HCCI modhi yakagadzirwa kusvika zvino dzinoenderana neyakaomesesa kuzvidzora-moto (zvichibva pakupisa uye kumanikidza panguva yekumanikidza uye kwekutanga kwemakemikari maitiro pakati pemafuta, gasi nemhepo) ine isina kugadzikana maparamendi anowanikwa mu nhamba yemamodhi. kune yakajairwa injini kushanda. Injini yeMazda inogara ichishandisa plug plug semutangi wemoto. Nekudaro, mutsauko kubva kune yakajairwa nzira yekushandisa yeinjini peturu iri muzviitiko zvinotevera. Izvi zvinoita kuti kuchinjira kumhando dzakasiyana kuve kwakaringana uye iyi nzira yeHCCI yekudzora inoguma yakagadzikana uye yakagadzikana maitiro.

Zvinhu mukufunga

Skyactiv X yakavakirwa pane yakasikwa inoshuvira, ina-humburumbira, 0,5-litre Skyactiv G, iyo pachayo iri yakanaka yakanaka ine hunyanzvi hwekuita. Uye zvakare, ine kusimudzira kwe16,3 litres pairi imwe, iri nani maererano nekumhanya kwemaitiro emoto. Kugadzira mamiriro ekushanda kweHCCI, iyo geometric compression reshiyo yakawedzerwa kusvika 1: 95. Saka, musanganiswa unoremerwa kutembiricha padhuze necontentition tembiricha yezvikamu zvakawanda mupeturu ine avhareji octane nhamba yeXNUMXH uye yakajairika injini inoshanda tembiricha.

Zvichienderana nedata kubva kune akati wandei ma sensors, pakati pawo mana ekumanikidza sensors pane imwe neimwe silinda akakosha, komputa inosarudza kuti ndeipi nzira yekushanda yekusarudza. Iyo yekupedzisira inotemerwa pahwaro hwenzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzinoshanda, zvichienderana nekumhanya uye mutoro (nemamwe mazwi, dhigirii rekuora mwoyo kweiyo accelerator pedal) yeinjini. Nekubatsirwa kweiyo yakakosha swirl module inonzi SCV (kusanganisira yakakosha mhepo yekudzora vharafu mune imwe yezviteshi zvekupinza), kuyerera kwakanyanya kunotenderera kunogadzirwa kutenderedza cylinder axis. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye zvichibva pakuenzanisa kwekumanikidza uye kupisa kwekumanikidza kuvaka-up curves, pamwe nemamwe akawanda maparamita mu "mepu" dzakafanotsanangurwa, iyo multi-port injector inobaya mafuta pakumanikidza kunosvika kune avo ekutanga njanji dizeli. zvirongwa. - kubva ku300 kusvika ku1200 bar - muzvikamu zvakawanda. Izvi zvinoitwa kubva kune imwe yakareba pulse (mune yakajairika flaring process) kune akati wandei pulses panguva yekutora uye compression sitiroko (mukuzvitsvagisa). Zviripachena, rekodhi jekiseni kumanikidzwa kweinjini yepeturu zvakare chinhu chakakosha mukuumbwa kwemusanganiswa. Zvisinei, mubvunzo unonzwisisika unomuka - sei seti yese yeparameter ichachinja kana uye nguva yekuchinjira kune yakaderera injini simba uye turbocharging, pamwe nekuwedzera kwehumburumbira kumanikidza, pamwe nekudiwa kwekuwedzera mafuta zvikamu ...

Zvese zviri kuenda nekukurumidza

Mazda's SPCCI patent yakareba mapeji makumi mana nemana uye ruzivo rwekuti mota inomhanya mu spark plug auto-ignition (SPCCI) modhi yechikamu chakakosha chenguva. Kudzora kunobva pamhando dzinoverengeka dzeSPCCI yekuzvibatidza modhi panguva yekushanda kwayo - imwe ine musanganiswa wakashata, musanganiswa wakajairika, uye musanganiswa wakapfuma zvishoma. Muzviitiko zvese, jekiseni uye swirl kumisikidzwa inogadzira akaturikidzana akasiyana kuumbwa (stratification) yakanyatso kutenderedza axis, ine yakapfuma yemukati zone (mhepo: mafuta reshiyo inosvika 44-14,7: 20) uye yakaonda yekunze zone (1). -35:50). Iyo yemukati ine zvakakwana "kupisa", uye yekunze yasvika kunenge kwakakosha tembiricha yekuzvibatidza padhuze nepamusoro penzvimbo yakafa yepiston panguva yekumanikidza. Spark ye spark plug inotanga kubatidza kwemukati menzvimbo, zvichiita kuti tembiricha nekumanikidza kukwire zvakanyanya, uye izvi zvinoita kuti mamwe angobatidza panguva imwe chete. Sezvo pasina kupenya kumberi, kunoitika patembiricha pazasi pechikumbaridzo pakuumbwa kwenitrogen oxides, iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya kuvapo kwenitrogen oxides, uye isina kusimba musanganiswa wehomogeneous inopa kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuderera kwakanyanya kwechikamu chechinhu, carbon monoxide uye. mahydrocarbon.

Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda - akadai sekumhanya kwepakati uye mutoro wakakwirira, uye muzviitiko zvose pakukurumidza - iyo mechanical compressor inopinda mukati kuti ibatsire kupa mhepo yakawanda uye kuwedzera kuderedza musanganiswa. Kunyangwe chinangwa chayo chisiri chekuwedzera simba, chinobatsira kune yakanaka simba hunhu hwemotokari. Iyo patent inotaurawo kuti mota inogona kuve turbocharged, uye zvine musoro, tembiricha yekupisa yepasi inogona kubvumira kushandiswa kweiyo geometry turbine. Parizvino, zvakadaro, kudzora neanoteerera mechanic compressor kwave nyore (chero tsananguro yakadaro inoenderana neSkyactiv X). Maererano neMazda mainjiniya, kushandiswa kweturbocharger kunogona kuuya pane imwe nguva.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti vakakwanisa kugadzira chimwe chinhu chisina mumwe munhu akakwanisa kuita - kanenge kwete mune serial fomu. Mazhinji ma sensor paramita anofananidzwa ne preset maitiro ekusarudza modhi, asi chokwadi ndechekuti mukuita iyo "SPCCI Mode" chiratidzo chinoratidzwa paMazda kuratidza kazhinji yenguva, kunyangwe pakadzika kwazvo uye yakakwira rpm mazinga - kunyangwe pakadzika kwazvo. rpm Mazda3 ichifamba zvakanaka mugiya rechitanhatu.

Izvi zvinoitika sei muhupenyu chaihwo?

Mushure mechikamu chakareba kudaro chedzidziso, nguva yasvika yekupindura mubvunzo - izvi zvese zvinotungamira chii mukuita mukupedzisira. Sezvinoita peturu, mota inotora kumhanya zviri nyore uye inopindura nekukurumidza. Munguva yekuedzwa, kusanganisira kukwira uye kutendeuka muIskar Gorge, yakajairika kupindirana uye nzira huru, Mazda 3 Skyactiv X inochengetedza kushandiswa kwayo mukati me5,2 l / 100 km. Avhareji bvunzo yekushandisa yakawanikwa nevanoshanda navo kuGermany ndeye 6,6 l / 100 km, asi izvi zvinosanganisira kutyaira kwakanyanya. Mukuyedza kutyaira kwehupfumi, vanowana 5,4 l/100 km, inova 124 g/100 km CO2, iri padivi neAudi A3 2.0 TDI, BMW 118d neMercedes A 200d. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kunyangwe iyo yakaoma mashandiro ekuita, muchina uyu haudi yakaoma gasi kurapwa matekinoroji, asi, kune rumwe rutivi, yakanyanya kudzvinyirira jekiseni system inowedzera mutengo wayo. Kune rimwe divi, diki mechanical compressor yakachipa kupfuura turbocharger, saka inofanirwa kuiswa semutengo pakati pedizili nepeturu.

Injini inopindirana nemaitiro ane simba eMazda 3 uye marongero ayo akanaka ekukona kunofadza. Kutungamira kwakanyatso kurongeka, uye mota inoramba isina kwayakarerekera, ichiratidza katsika kekutenderedza mavhiri ekumashure chete pakudenha kwakapinza. Kuwedzerwa kune izvi kusanganiswa kwakanaka kwemaitiro ekubatsira uye midziyo, iyo paMazda chikamu chemidziyo pamatanho akasiyana. Takatotaura zvakakwana pamusoro peiyo ergonomic kuumbwa kwekutonga. Iwo mabasa haadzorwe nemonita uye ari nyore uye ari nyore kushanda. Pakazere, mukati memukati mune yakavanzika pfungwa yekureruka uye mhando yaingowanikwa mumhando yepamusoro makore mazhinji apfuura. Muchidimbu - Skyactiv X inoshanda - uye inobatidza iwe.