Skoda

Zviri mukati Nhoroondo yeSkodaLogoVaridzi uye manejimendiModels1. Concepts Skoda2. HistoricModern ModelsMibvunzo neMhinduro: Skoda ndeimwe yemhando dzakakurumbira pasirese, inogadzira mota dzevafambi pamwe nepakati-renji crossovers. Hofisi yekambani iyi iri muMladá Boleslav, Czech Republic. Kusvika 1991, kambani iyi yaive maindasitiri conglomerate, iyo yakaumbwa muna 1925, uye kusvika panguva iyoyo yaive fekitori diki yeLaurin & Klement. Nhasi icho chikamu cheVAG (zvimwe zvakawanda nezveboka zvinotsanangurwa mune yakaparadzana wongororo). Nhoroondo yeSkoda Kuvambwa kweautomaker ane mukurumbira pasi rose ane zvishoma zvekuda kuziva backstory. Zana remakore rechipfumbamwe rakapera. Mutengesi wemabhuku weCzech Vláclav Klement anotenga bhasikoro rekunze rinodhura, asi munguva pfupi pakanga paine matambudziko nechigadzirwa, icho mugadziri akaramba kugadzirisa. Kuti "varange" mugadziri asina kutendeseka, Vlaclav, pamwe chete nemazita ake, Laurin (aive makanika anozivikanwa munharaunda iyoyo, uye aigara achiwanzoita mutengi webhuku raClement), akaronga kugadzirwa kudiki kwemabhasikoro avo. Zvigadzirwa zvavo zvaive zvakati siyanei dhizaini uye zvakare zvaive zvakavimbika kupfuura izvo zvinotengeswa nemukwikwidzi wavo. Mukuwedzera, vanobatana vakapa waranti yakazara yezvigadzirwa zvavo nekugadzirisa kwemahara kana zvichidikanwa. Fekitori iyi yakanzi Laurin & Klement uye yakavambwa muna 1895. Mabhasikoro eSlavia akabuda muchitoro chegungano. Mumakore maviri chete, kugadzirwa kwakawedzera zvekuti kambani diki yakatokwanisa kutenga nzvimbo nekuvaka fekitori yayo. Aya ndiwo matanho makuru emugadziri, ayo akazopinda mumusika wemotokari wepasirese. 1899 - Iyo kambani inowedzera kugadzirwa, ichitanga kugadzira yayo midhudhudhu, asi nezvirongwa zvekugadzira mota. 1905 - Motokari yekutanga yeCzech inooneka, asi yakanga ichiri kugadzirwa pasi pemhando yeL&K. Yokutanga modhi yainzi Voiturette. Pahwaro hwayo, mamwe marudzi emotokari akagadzirwa, kusanganisira marori uye kunyange mabhazi. Mota iyi yaive yakashongedzerwa neinjini dzakaita seV dzemasilinda maviri. Injini imwe neimwe yakanga yakanyoroveswa nemvura. Iyo modhi yakaiswa kumakwikwi emotokari muAustria, kwaakakunda kirasi yemotokari yemugwagwa. 1906 - Voiturette inowana injini ina-humburumbira, uye makore maviri gare gare mota inogona kuiswa ne4-humburumbira ICE. 1907 - Kuitira kukwezva imwe mari, zvakasarudzwa kushandura chimiro chekambani kubva kune yakazvimirira kambani kuenda kune yakabatana-stock kambani. Kugadzirwa kwakawedzera nekuda kwekuzivikanwa kwemotokari dzakagadzirwa. Vakanakidzwa chaizvo nekubudirira mumakwikwi emotokari. Motokari dzakaratidza zvibereko zvakanaka, nekuda kweiyo brand yakakwanisa kutora chikamu mumakwikwi epasi rose. Imwe yemhando dzakabudirira dzakaonekwa panguva iyoyo ndiF. Chinhu chinoshamisa chemotokari chaiva chokuti injini yaiva nehuwandu hwemarita 2,4, uye simba rayo rakasvika 21 horsepower. An ignition hurongwa nemakenduru aishanda kubva high voltage pulse vainzi chete panguva iyoyo. Zvichienderana nemuenzaniso uyu, shanduko dzinoverengeka dzakagadzirwa, semuenzaniso, omnibus, kana bhazi diki. 1908 Kugadzirwa kwemidhudhudhu kunopera. Mugore rimwe chete, yekupedzisira-cylinder machine yakabudiswa. Mamwe mamodheru akagamuchira 4-cylinder injini. 1911 - Kutanga kwekugadzirwa kweModel S, iyo yakagamuchira injini yemabhiza gumi nemana. 1912 - kambani inotora mugadziri kubva kuReichenberg (zvino Liberec) - RAF. Pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemotokari dzinotakura vanhu, kambani iyi yaiita mukugadzirwa kweakajairika injini, injini dzendege, injini dzinopisa mukati dzine plunger uye isina mavharuvhu, midziyo yakakosha (ma rollers) nemichina yekurima (magejo ane mota). 1914 - kufanana nevazhinji vanogadzira nzira dzemuchina, kambani yeCzech yakagadziridzwa zvakare kune zvinodiwa nemauto enyika. Mushure mokunge Austria-Hungary yaparara, kambani yakatanga kusangana nematambudziko emari. Chikonzero cheizvi ndechekuti vaimbove vatengi venguva dzose vakapedzisira vaenda kunze kwenyika, izvo zvakaomesa kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa. 1924 - chirimwa chakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya nemoto mukuru, umo zvinenge zvese midziyo yakaparadzwa. Hapana kana mwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura kubvira kambani yapora kubva munjodzi iyi, asi izvi hazvina kuzviponesa kubva mukuderera zvishoma nezvishoma mukugadzirwa. Chikonzero cheizvi chakawedzera kukwikwidza kubva kune vanogadzira mudzimba - Tatra uye Praga. Chiratidzo chinodiwa kugadzira mhando dzemotokari itsva. Iyo kambani haina kukwanisa kubata nebasa rakadaro pachayo, saka sarudzo yakakosha inoitwa gore rinouya. 1925 - K&L SA inova chikamu cheCzech kunetsekana SA Škoda Automobile Works muPilsen (ikozvino Škoda Holding). Kutanga gore rino, chirimwa chemotokari chinotanga kugadzira mota pasi peiyo Skoda brand. Iye zvino dzimbahwe riri muPrague, uye chirimwa chikuru chiri muPilsen. 1930 - Iyo Boleslav fekitori inoshandurwa kuita ASAP (yakabatana-stock kambani yemotokari indasitiri). 1930 - Mutsara mutsva wemotokari unooneka, unogamuchira mutsva weforogo-spine furemu. Uku kusimukira kwakabhadhara kushaikwa kwekuomarara kwemhando dzese dzakapfuura. Chimwe chinhu chemotokari idzi kwaive kumira kwakazvimirira. 1933 - Kugadzirwa kweiyo 420 Standart kunotanga. Pamusana pekuti motokari yakava 350 kg. yakareruka kupfuura yakaitangira, isinganyanyi kushata uye yakasununguka kutyaira, yakawana mukurumbira wepamusoro. Zvadaro, modhi yakanzi Yakakurumbira. 1934 - Iyo nyowani Superb inotangwa. 1935 - Kugadzirwa kweiyo Rapid renji kunotanga. 1936 - imwe yakasarudzika modhi mutsara Favorit yakagadzirwa. Nekuda kwezvina gadziridzo izvi, kambani iri kuenda kune inotungamira chinzvimbo pakati pevagadziri vemotokari muCzechoslovakia. 1939-1945 kambani inoshandura zvachose kuzadzisa mirairo yemauto yeTatu Reich. Pakazopera hondo, inenge 70 muzana yezvigadzirwa zvemhando yacho yakanga yaparadzwa panguva yekubhomba. 1945-1960 - Czechoslovakia inova nyika yezvemagariro evanhu, uye Skoda yakawana nzvimbo inotungamira mukugadzirwa kwemotokari. Munguva yepashure pehondo, kwakaonekwa mhando dzemhando dzakabudirira dzakadai saFelicia, Tudor (1200), Octavia naSpartak. Kutanga kwema1960 kwakaratidzwa nekusarira kwakakosha kumashure kwezviitiko zvepasirese, zvisinei, nekuda kwemutengo webhajeti, mota dzinoramba dzichidiwa kwete muEurope chete. Kune kunyange maSUV akanaka eNew Zealand - Trekka, uye ePakistan - Skopak. 1987 - kugadzirwa kweiyo yakagadziridzwa Favorit modhi inotanga, iyo inotungamira iyo brand kudonha. Shanduko dzezvematongerwo enyika uye kudyara kukuru mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva kwakamanikidza manejimendi emhando yekutsvaga shamwari dzekunze kuti akwezve mari yakawanda. 1990 - kushushikana kweVAG kwakasarudzwa semumwe wakavimbika wekune dzimwe nyika. Kusvika pakupera kwa1995, kambani yevabereki inowana 70% yezvikamu zveiyo brand. Muna 2000, kambani inopfuura zvachose pasi pekutonga kwekunetseka, apo mamwe masheji akadzikinurwa. 1996 - Iyo Octavia inogamuchira akati wandei ekugadzirisa, iyo inonyanya kukosha iyo ipuratifomu yakagadzirwa neVolkswagen. Kutenda kune akati wandei shanduko yekuvandudza hunyanzvi hunhu hwezvigadzirwa, michina yemugadziri weCzech iri kuwana mukurumbira wekusingadhure, asi nemhando yepamusoro yekuvaka. Izvi zvinobvumira iyo brand kuti iite zvimwe zvinonakidza zviedzo. 1997-2001, imwe yemhando dzekuyedza, Felicia Kunakidzwa, yakagadzirwa, yakaitwa mumuviri wekutakura uye yaive neruvara rwakatsvuka. 2016 - nyika yevatyairi vakaona crossover yekutanga kubva kuSkoda - Kodiaq. 2017 - kambani inosuma inotevera compact crossover Karoq. Hurumende yemhando inosheedzera kuvhurwa kwehurongwa hwekambani, chinangwa chayo chaive chekutanga kugadzirwa kwemakumi matatu emhando nyowani panosvika 2022. Izvi zvinosanganisira gumi mahybrids nemota dzemagetsi dzakazara. 2017 - pa auto show muShanghai, mhando inopa yekutanga prototype yemotokari yemagetsi kumashure kweSUV class coupe - Vision. Iyo modhi yakavakirwa paVAG papuratifomu MEB. 2018 - iyo Scala yemhuri mota modhi inowanikwa pane auto kuratidzira. 2019 - kambani yakaunza Kamiq subcompact crossover. Mugore rimwe chete, kugadzirwa-yakagadzirira emaguta emagetsi emotokari Citigo-e iV yakaratidzwa. Mamwe mafekitori eiyo automaker anoshandurwa zvishoma kuti agadzire mabhatiri zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hweiyo VAG kunetsekana. Logo Munhoroondo yose, kambani yakashandura logo pasi payo yaitengesa zvigadzirwa zvayo kakawanda: 1895-1905 - mhando dzekutanga dzebhasikoro uye midhudhudhu dzakapfeka chiratidzo cheSlavia, chakaitwa muchimiro chevhiri rebhasikoro nemashizha elinden mukati. 1905-25 - iyo hodhi logo yakachinjirwa kuL & K, iyo yakaiswa mudenderedzwa rakatenderedzwa rakagadzirwa nemashizha e linden. 1926-33 - zita rechiratidzo rinoshandurwa kuva Skoda, iro rakakurumidza kuratidzwa muchiratidzo chekambani. Panguva ino zita rechiratidzo rakaiswa muovha ine muganhu wakafanana neshanduro yapfuura. 1926-90 - zvakafanana, pane mamwe mamodeli ekambani, silhouette isinganzwisisike inooneka, yakafanana nemuseve unobhururuka nemapapiro eshiri. Kusvikira ikozvino, hapana anoziva zvechokwadi chakashanda sekugadzirwa kwemufananidzo wakadaro, asi ikozvino unozivikanwa pasi rose. Maererano neimwe shanduro, paaifamba muAmerica, Emil Skoda aigara achiperekedzwa nemuIndia, uyo ane nhoroondo kwemakore akawanda aiva pamifananidzo mumahofisi evatungamiri vekambani. Museve unobhururuka wakanangana nekumashure kweiyi silhouette unoonekwa sechiratidzo chekukurumidza kusimudzira uye kuita tekinoroji inoshanda muzvigadzirwa zve brand. 1999-2011 - iyo yekutanga dhizaini yelogo inoramba yakafanana, iyo yekumashure chete ruvara inoshanduka uye mufananidzo unoshanduka kuve wakajeka. Green shades inoratidza hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza hwezvigadzirwa. 2011 - logo yechiratidzo inowana shanduko shoma zvakare. Kumashure kwave kuchena, zvichiita kuti silhouette yemuseve unobhururuka iwedzere kujeka, uku iyo yegirini tint inoramba ichiratidzira pakufamba kuenda kwakachena kusimudzira kwekufambisa. Varidzi uye manejimendi Pakutanga, mhando yeK&L yaive yakavanzika. Nguva iyo kambani yaive nevaridzi vaviri (Klement naLaurin) ndeye 1895-1907. Muna 1907, kambani yakagamuchira chimiro chejoint-stock company. SeJSC, mhando yaivepo kusvika 1925. Pakave nekubatanidzwa neCzech joint-stock kambani yeindasitiri yemotokari, yaive nezita rekuti Skoda. Kunetseka uku kunova muridzi akazara webhizinesi diki. Mukutanga 90s yezana remakore rechiXNUMX, kambani inotanga kufamba zvakanaka pasi pekutungamirirwa kweVolkswagen Group. Mudiwa wacho zvishoma nezvishoma anova muridzi wechiratidzo. Skoda VAG inogamuchira kodzero dzakakwana kune tekinoroji uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira eiyo automaker muna 2000. Models Heino runyorwa rwemhando dzakasiyana dzakakunguruka kubva pamutsetse wegungano weiyo automaker. 1. Yakapfuura Skoda 1949 - 973 Beta; 1958 - 1100 Rudzi 968; 1964 - F3; 1967-72 - 720; 1968 - 1100 GT; 1971 – 110 SS Ferat; 1987 – 783 Favorite Coupe; 1998 - Felicia Golden Prague; 2002 - Mashizha; 2002 - Fabia Paris Edition; 2002 - Tudor; 2003 - The Roomster; 2006 - Yeti II; 2006 - Joyster; 2007 - Fabia Super; 2011 - Chiratidzo D; 2011 – Mission L; 2013 - Chiratidzo C; 2017 - Chiratidzo E; 2018 - Chiratidzo X. 2. Nhoroondo Kugadzirwa kwemotokari nekambani inogona kukamurwa kuita nguva dzinoverengeka: 1905-1911. Mhando dzekutanga dzeK&L dzinoonekwa; 1911-1923 K&L inoenderera mberi nekuburitsa mhando dzakasiyana zvichienderana nemota dzakakosha dzemagadzirirwo ayo; 1923-1932 Iyo mhando inopfuura pasi pekutonga kweSkoda JSC, mhando dzekutanga dzinoonekwa. Vainyanya kushamisa vaiva 422 uye 860; 1932-1943 Magadzirirwo 650, 633, 637 anooneka. Iyo Yakakurumbira modhi yakabudirira zvikuru. Iyo mhando inotanga kugadzirwa kweKukurumidza, Favorit, Superb; 1943-1952 Iyo Superb (OHV shanduko), Tudor 1101 uye VOS roll kubva pamutsetse wegungano; 1952-1964 Kugadzirwa kweFelicia, Octavia, 1200 uye kugadziriswa kwe400 series (40,45,50) inotanga; 1964-1977 Iyo 1200 yakatevedzana inogadzirwa mumiviri yakasiyana. Iyo Octavia modhi inogamuchira chiteshi chengoro muviri (Combi). Iyo 1000 MB modhi inooneka; 1980-1990 Kwemakore gumi aya, mhando yakaburitsa mhando mbiri chete itsva 10 R uye 110 mukugadzirisa kwakasiyana; 100-1990 Mota zhinji dzinomhanya dzinogamuchira zvigadziriso zve "chizvarwa chekutanga, chechipiri uye chechitatu" zvichibva pane zviri kuitika zveVAG kunetseka. Pakati pavo pane Octavia, Felicia, Fabia, Superb. Yeti compact crossovers uye Roomster minivans vanoonekwa. Mienzaniso yemazuva ano Rondedzero yemhando itsva yemazuva ano inosanganisira: 2011 - Citigo; 2012 - Rapid; 2014 - Fabia III; 2015 - Superb III; 2016 – Kodiaq; 2017 - Karoq; 2018 - Scala; 2019 - Octavia IV; 2019 - Kamiq. Mukupedzisa, isu tinopa pfupiso diki yemitengo pakutanga kwa2020: Mibvunzo neMhinduro: Ndeipi nyika inogadzira mota dzeSkoda? Iwo mafekitori ane simba kwazvo ekambani ari muCzech Republic. Matavi ayo ari muRussia, Ukraine, India, Kazakhstan, Bosnia neHerzegovina, Poland. Muridzi weSkoda ndiani? Vavambi Vaclav Laurin naVaclav Klement. Muna 1991 kambani iyi yakagadziriswa.