XDrive ese-mavhiri ekutyaira system

Inofananidzwa nemota dzezana ramakore rapfuura, mota yazvino yave kukurumidza, injini yayo ine mari, asi kwete nekuda kwekuita, uye iyo nyaradzo system inokutendera kuti unakirwe nekutyaira mota, kunyangwe iri mumiriri bhajeti kirasi. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo inoshanda uye yekungoita yekuchengetedza system yakagadziridzwa, uye ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu.

Asi kuchengetedzwa kwemotokari kunoenderana kwete chete nehunhu hwemabhureki kana huwandu hwemaairbags (nezve mashandiro ainoita, verenga pano). Njodzi ngani mumigwagwa dzakaitika nekuda kwekuti mutyairi akatadza kudzora mota kana achityaira nekumhanyisa panzvimbo isina kugadzikana kana mukutendeuka kwakapinza! Maitiro akasiyana anoshandiswa kudzikamisa kutakura mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Semuenzaniso, kana mota ikapinda pakona yakaoma, nzvimbo yayo yegiravhiti inoenda kune rimwe divi uye inowedzera kuremerwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vhiri rega rega padivi risina kuburitswa rinorasika. Kuti abvise mhedzisiro iyi, pane system yekutsinhana mwero kugadzikana, yekuzorora inosimudzira, nezvimwe.

Asi kuitira kuti mota ikwanise kukunda chero zvikamu zvakaoma zvemugwagwa, ma automaker akasiyana anoshongedza mamwe emamodeli avo nekutapurirana kunokwanisa kutenderedza vhiri rega, kuriita iro rinotungamira. Iyi sisitimu inowanzodaidzwa kuti mana-mavhiri ekutyaira. Mugadziri wega wega anoshandisa kuvandudzwa uku nenzira kwayo. Semuenzaniso, Mercedes-Benz yakagadzira iyo 4Matic system, iyo yatotaurwa akaparadzanisa ongororo... Audi ine Quattro. BMW inoshongedza akawanda mamodheru emota pamwe neiyo xDrive kufambisa.

Kutakura kwakadai kunonyanya kuve kwakashongedzwa nemaSUV akazara, mamwe emhando dzemhando yepamusoro (nezve mutsauko pakati pemhando idzi dzemota, verenga zvakasiyana), sezvo mota idzi dzinowanzove dziri mumigwagwa isina tara. Semuenzaniso, ivo vanoshandiswa kukwikwidza mumakwikwi epasi-nyika. Asi dzimwe mota dzinofamba dzevapfuura kana mota dzemitambo dzinogona zvakare kuvezwa nemavhiri-mana. Kuwedzera pakuita basa pamatanho epasi pemugwagwa, mota dzakadai dzinonzwa kuve nechivimbo mumamiriro ezvinhu ari kukurumidza kuchinja. Semuenzaniso, sinou inorema yakadonha munguva yechando, uye chando kubvisa michina haisati yakwanisa kuita basa rayo.

Yemhando-yemavhiri-emhando yemhando ine mukana uri nani wekutarisana nemugwagwa wakafukidzwa nesinou kupfuura wepamberi-vhiri-dhiraivha kana mushure-vhiri-dhiraivho. Masisitimu emazuva ano ane otomatiki maitiro ekushanda, zvekuti mutyairi haadi kudzora nguva yekumisikidza imwe sarudzo. Makambani anotungamira chete ndiwo anovandudza masystem akadaro. Mumwe nemumwe wavo ane yake yega patent yekumisikidza otomatiki ese-vhiri dhiraivha mumotokari dzavo.

Ngatimbokurukurai kuti xDrive system inoshanda sei, ndezvipi zvinhu zvayinosanganisira, ndeapi maficha uye zvimwe zvinokanganisa.

General pfungwa

Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti torque iri mumota ine hutachiona hwakadai inoendeswa kumavhiri ese, iyo-yemavhiri mota haigone kunzi off-road. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti chiteshi chengoro, sedan kana coupe ine demo diki, ndosaka zvisingakwanise kukunda zvakakomba nzvimbo dzemumugwagwa - mota ichangogara munzira yekutanga yakagogodzwa nemaSUV.

Nechikonzero ichi, chinangwa cheanoshanda ese-vhiri dhiraivha ndeye kupa yakanakisa kugadzikana uye kudzora kwemotokari mumugwagwa usina kugadzikana, semuenzaniso, kana mota ikapinda mumutsetse wechando kana paaizi. Kutyaira mota ine pamberi-vhiri rekutyaira, uye zvakatonyanya neashure-vhiri rekutyaira, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kunoda ruzivo rwakawanda kubva kumutyairi, kunyanya kana kumhanya kwemota kwakakwira.

Zvisinei nezera rechizvarwa, rinosanganisira:

• Gearboxes (kune rumwe ruzivo nezve mhando uye musimboti wegearbox kushanda, verenga pano);
• Handouts (nezve mhando yemhando iyi, uye nei ichidikanwa mumota, zvinotsanangurwa mune imwe chinyorwa);
• Cardan shaft (nezve mashandiro ayo, uye mune mamwe ma auto masisitimu anogona kushandisa cardan drive, verenga zvakasiyana);
• Dhiraivha shaft yemavhiri epamberi;
• Huru giya pane maviri maekisero.

Rondedzero iyi haisanganisi musiyano nechikonzero chimwe chete chiri nyore. Chizvarwa chega chega chakagamuchira nadzurudzo dzakasiyana dzeichi chinhu. Yakanga ichingogara ichigadziriswa, dhizaini uye mashandiro ayo akachinja. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekuti chii musiyano uye chii chinoshanda chinoita mukutakura kwemotokari, verenga pano.

Iyo inogadzira inzvimbo xDrive seyakagara-ese-mavhiri ekutyaira system. Muchokwadi, zviitiko zvekutanga zvakapihwa mune ino dhizaini, uye izvo zvaiwanikwa chete kune mamwe mamodheru. Kune dzimwe mota dzese dzerudzi, iyo inonzi plug-in ina-vhiri yekutyaira inowanikwa. Ndokunge, ekisero yechipiri yakabatana kana mainyai ekutyaira akatsvedza. Kutapurirana uku kunowanikwa kwete chete muBMW SUVs uye crossovers, asiwo mune dzakawanda mutyairi mota dzakasiyana dzemhando yemhando.

Mune yechinyakare pfungwa, ina-mavhiri ekutyaira anofanirwa kupa yakanyanya kurerukirwa mukutyaira mota mune ine simba mode pane isina kugadzikana migwagwa migwagwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti muchina uve nyore kudzora. Mukutungamira, ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei ese-mavhiri ekutyaira mota achishandiswa mumakwikwi e rally (mamwe makwikwi emota anozivikanwa mune anoshandiswa mota dzine simba anotsanangurwa mune imwe ongororo).

Asi kana iyo torque ikagovewa pamwe chete nematemo mune isiriyo ratio, saka izvi zvinokanganisa:

• Kuteerera kwemota kana uchichinjisa chidhiraivho;
• Kupera mumasimba emota;
• Kufambisa kusagadzikana kwemotokari pazvikamu zvakatwasuka zvemugwagwa;
• Kuderedza kunyaradzwa panguva yekufambisa.

Kuti abvise zvese izvi zvinokanganisa, iyo Bavaria otomatiki yakatora kumashure-vhiri rekutyaira mota sehwaro, kugadzirisa kwavo kutapurirana, kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka kwemotokari

Nhoroondo yekusika uye kusimudzira kwesisitimu

Kwenguva yekutanga, iyo-yemavhiri ese modhi kubva kuBavaria automaker yakaonekwa muna 1985. Munguva iyoyo, pakanga pasina chinhu chakadai secrossover. Ipapo zvese zvaive zvakakura kupfuura zvakajairika sedan, hatchback kana chiteshi ngoro yainzi "Jeep" kana SUV. Asi pakati pema80, BMW yakanga isati yagadzira mhando yemotokari iyi. Nekudaro, kucherechedzwa kwekushanda kweiyo-yemavhiri ese, yaive yatowanikwa mune mamwe mamodheru eAudi, kwakakurudzira manejimendi ekambani yeBavaria kuti igadzire yayo yeyuniti, iyo yakave nechokwadi chekuparadzirwa kwetoriki kune yega ekisero yemotokari mune imwe reshiyo.

Nesarudzo, uku kukura kwakaiswa mune e3-Series uye 5-Series mamodheru. Chete mota dzinoverengeka dzaigona kugamuchira michina yakadaro, uyezve chete senzira inodhura. Kuti dziite idzi mota dzakasiyana nevavanodzokera kumashure-mavhiri ekutyaira, iwo akateedzana akagamuchira X index.Gare gare (kureva, muna 2003) kambani yakachinja zita iri kuva xDrive.

1986 BMW M3 Coupe (E30)

Mushure mekuedzwa kwakabudirira kwesystem, kukura kwayo kwakatevera, semhedzisiro iyo kwaive nezvizhinji sezvizvarwa zvina. Nongedzo yega yega inotevera inosiyaniswa nekudzikama kwakakura, chirongwa maererano nesimba rinozogovaniswa pamwe chete nematemo uye nekumwe kuchinja mukugadzirwa. Zvizvarwa zvitatu zvekutanga zvakagovana torque pakati pemakona nenzira yakatarwa (iyo ratio haigone kuchinjwa).

Ngatitarisei maficha echizvarwa chimwe nechimwe zvakasiyana.

Chizvarwa chekutanga

Sezvambotaurwa, nhoroondo yekusikwa kwemavhiri ese kubva kuBavaria automaker yakatanga muna 1985. Chizvarwa chekutanga chaive nekuparadzirwa kwenguva dzose kwetoriki kumberi nekumashure maashure. Chokwadi, simba reshiyo rakanga asymmetrical - neshure-nemavhiri vakagamuchira 63 muzana uye pamberi-nemavhiri vakagamuchira 37 muzana simba.

Sangano rekugovera magetsi raive seinotevera. Pakati pezvikwangwani, torque yacho yaifanirwa kugoverwa nemusiyano wepuraneti. Yakanga yakavharwa neiyo viscous coupling (ndeipi mhando yechinhu uye kuti inoshanda sei inotsanangurwa mune imwe ongororo). Nekuda kweichi dhizaini, kana zvichidikanwa, kuchinjiswa kwetambo kumberi kana kumberi ekisero kunogona kupihwa kusvika pamakumi mapfumbamwe muzana.

Viscous clutch yakaiswawo mumashure epakati mutsauko. Mberi ekisero yakanga isina kukiiwa nekiyi, uye musiyano wacho waive wakasununguka. Verenga nezve nei iwe uchida kusiyanisa kukiya. zvakasiyana... BMW iX325 (1985 kuburitswa) yaive nehutachiwana hwakadai.

Kunyangwe hazvo chokwadi chekuti hutachiona hwakatapura masimba emagetsi kune ese maasi, mota ine hutachiona hwakadai yaifungidzirwa seri-vhiri rekutyaira, nekuti mavhiri ekumashure akawana kupihwa kwakanangana nenhamba yeNewtons. Simba rekusimudza rakagadzirwa kumavhiri epamberi kuburikidza neiyo kesi yekuchinjisa neketani dhiraivha.

Kumwe kwekukanganisa kweiyi budiriro kwaive kushomeka kwekuvimbika kwema viscous coupling achienzaniswa neTorsen lock, yaishandiswa neAudi (kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve iyi shanduko, ona mune imwe chinyorwa). Chizvarwa chekutanga chakakungurutsa mitsara yegungano reBavaria automaker kusvika muna 1991, apo chizvarwa chinotevera chevhiri-vhiri rekutenderera rakaonekwa.

Chizvarwa chechipiri

Chizvarwa chechipiri chegadziriro yaive zvakare asymmetrical. Kugoverwa kwetorque kwakaitwa muchiyero che64 (kumashure mavhiri) kusvika ku36 (kumberi mavhiri). Iyi nadzurudzo yakashandiswa mune sedans uye chiteshi ngoro 525iX kumashure kweE34 (yechishanu dzakateedzana). Makore maviri gare gare, kutapurirana uku kwakagadziridzwa.

Iyo vhezheni pamberi pechimanje manje yakashandisa batira nemagetsi emagetsi. Iyo yakaiswa pakati musiyano. Chigadzirwa chakagadziriswa nezviratidzo kubva kuESD yuniti yekudzora. Musiyano wepamberi waive wakasununguka, asi kumashure kwaive nemusiyano wekukiya. Ichi chiito chakaitwa ne electro-hydraulic clutch. Nekuda kweichi dhizaini, chinosvitsa chinogona kuendeswa kanenge pakarepo pachiyero chakakura che0 kusvika 100 muzana.

Nekuda kwechimanje manje, mainjiniya ekambani akachinja dhizaini sisitimu. Musiyano wepakati unogona kuramba wakakiiwa. Kune izvi, yakawanda-disc yemagetsi yekukwesana chinhu yakashandiswa. Chete kutonga kunoitwa neABS system unit.

Huru giya dzakarasikirwa nekiyi dzadzo, uye musiyano-ekisero misiyano yakasununguka. Asi muchizvarwa chino, kutevedzera kwekumashure kusiyanisa kukiya (ABD system) kwakatanga kushandiswa. Nheyo yekushanda kwechigadzirwa yakanga iri nyore. Kana ma sensors anoona kumhanya kwekutenderera kwemavhiri achinyora mutsauko mukutenderera kwemavhiri ekurudyi nekuruboshwe (izvi zvinoitika kana rimwe rawo rikatanga kutsvedza), system yacho inononoka kudzora iyo iri kutenderera nekukurumidza.

III chizvarwa

Muna 1998, pakanga paine shanduko yerudzi mune ese-mavhiri ekufambisa kubva kumaBavaria. Kana iri chiyero chekuparadzirwa kwetoriki, saka chizvarwa ichi chaivewo asymmetric. Mavhiri ekumashure anogamuchira makumi matanhatu neshanu muzana, uye mavhiri epamberi anogamuchira makumi matatu neshanu muzana muzana. Kutapurirana kwakadaro kunogona kuwanikwa muzviteshi zvengoro uye BMW 62-Series E38 sedans.

Kusiyana nechizvarwa chekare, ino sisitimu yaive nematanho emahara zvachose (kunyangwe iyo yepakati haina kuvharika). Huru magiya akagamuchira kutevedzera yekuvharira.

Gore mushure mekutanga kwekugadzirwa kwechizvarwa chechitatu che xDrive ese-mavhiri ekufambisa, kambani yakaburitsa yekutanga modhi yekirasi ye "Crossover". Iyo BMW X5 yakashandisa sisitimu imwechete seyevanofamba nemota yechitatu akateedzana. Kupesana nekushandurwa uku, iko kutapurirana kwaive kwakagadzirirwa kutevedzera kwekuvharika kwematanho-echinjiro akasiyana.

Kusvikira 2003, ese matatu mazera aimiririra iyo FullTime yakazara-nguva dhiraivha. Kupfuurirazve, ese mana-mavhiri ekutyaira mamodheru emota auto aive akashongedzerwa ne xDrive system. Mumotokari dzevapfuuri, chizvarwa chechitatu cheiyi sisitimu chakashandiswa kusvika muna 2006, uye muma crossovers chakatsiviwa makore maviri apfuura nechizvarwa chechina.

IV chizvarwa

Chizvarwa chazvino chese-vhiri dhiraivha system yakatangwa muna 2003. Yaive chikamu chemidziyo yepasi yeiyo nyowani X3 crossover, pamwe neyakagadziriswazve 3-Series E46 modhi. Iyi sisitimu inoiswa nekumisikidza pane ese mamodheru eX-Series, uye sesarudzo - pane mamwe mamodheru, kunze kweiyo 2-Series.

Chimwe chinhu chekushandurwa uku kusavapo kwemusiyano wepakati. Panzvimbo iyoyo, iyo yekukweshera yakawanda-ndiro bhajeti inoshandiswa, iyo inodzorwa neservo drive. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana, 60 muzana yetoriki inoenda kune ekisero yekumashure uye 40 muzana kumberi. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu mumugwagwa achinja zvakanyanya (mota yakamhanyira mumadhaka, ikapinda musinou yakadzika kana chando), iyo sisitimu inokwanisa kuchinja chiyero kusvika ku0: 100.

Mashandiro anoita hurongwa

Sezvo pamusika pane mota dzakawanda nemavhiri mana echizvarwa chechina, isu tichaisa pfungwa pabasa rekushandurwa uku. Nokutadza, traction inogara ichipfuudzwa kumavhiri ekumashure, saka muchina unofungidzirwa kwete ese-vhiri dhiraivha, asi kumashure-vhiri dhiraivha ine yakabatana pamberi ekisero.

Yakawanda-bhendi batira yakaiswa pakati peasi maekisero, ayo, sezvatave tatoona, inodzorwa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwesimbi uchishandisa servo drive Maitiro aya anobata clutch discs uye, nekuda kwesimba rekukakavadzana, kesi yekuchinjisa cheni inoitwa, iyo inobatanidza iyo pamberi ekisero shaft.

Simba rekutora rinoenderana nesimba redhinda compression. Chikwata ichi chinokwanisa kugovera makumi mashanu kubva muzana kutambanudza torque kumavhiri epamberi. Kana iyo servo ichivhura iyo clutch discs, zana muzana rekudonha rinoenda kumavhiri ekumashure.

Iko kushanda kweiyo servo ndeye yerudzi runenge rwakangwara nekuda kwekuvapo kwenhamba huru yemasisitimu anoenderana nayo. Nekuda kweizvi, chero mamiriro mumugwagwa anogona kukonzeresa kumisikidza sisitimu, iyo inozoshandira kune inodikanwa nzira mumasekondi 0.01 chete.

Aya anotevera masisitimu anokanganisa kumisikidzwa kweiyo xDrive system:

1. ICM... Iyi system inoratidzira mashandiro echassis yemota uye inodzora mamwe emabasa ayo. Inopa kuwiriranisa kweanofamba nedzimwe nzira;
2. DSC... Iri izita remugadziri weiyo kudzora kudzora system. Kutenda kumasaini kubva kuma sensors ayo, traction inogoverwa pakati pemberi nemashure ekasi. Iyo zvakare inomutsa kutevedzera kwekuvharira kwemagetsi kwepamberi uye kumashure kusiyanisa. Iyo sisitimu inoshandisa iyo brake pane vhiri iyo yakatanga kutsvedza kudzivirira kuendeswa kwe torque kwariri;
3. AFS... Ichi chirongwa chinogadzirisa chinzvimbo chegiya rekufambisa. Kana mota ikarova nzvimbo isina kugadzikana, uye kune imwe nhanho mabhureki evhiri rinotsvedza richikonzerwa, mudziyo uyu unodzikamisa mota kuti isatsvedza;
4. DTS... Traction control system;
5. HDC... Zvemagetsi mubatsiri kana uchityaira pamirefu yakareba;
6. CPD... Mimwe mamodheru emota haana ino system. Inobatsira mutyairi kudzora mota kana pakona pakona.

Iyo inoshanda mana-mavhiri eiyi automaker ine mukana mumwe chete, iyo inobvumidza kusimudzira kukwikwidza neanofananidza nemamwe makambani. Inorara mune yakapfava dhizaini dhizaini uye chirongwa chekuitwa kwekuparadzirwa kwetorque. Zvakare, kuvimbika kweiyo sisitimu kunokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwekusiyana kwekukiya.

Heano mamwe mabhenefiti eiyo xDrive system:

• Kugovera patsva kwema traction mauto pamwe chete nemaasi kunoitika nenzira isina nhanho;
• Zvemagetsi zvinogara zvichitarisa mamiriro emota mumugwagwa, uye kana mamiriro emugwagwa achinja, iyo system inochinja ipapo.
• Inofambisa kudzora kwekutyaira, zvisinei nemugwagwa wepasi;
• Iyo braking system inoshanda zvakanyanya, uye mune dzimwe nguva mutyairi haadi kumanikidza mabhureki kuti agadzikise mota;
• Zvisinei nehunyanzvi hwekutyaira kwemutyairi, mota yakadzikama pamatanho akaoma emigwagwa kupfuura echinyakare-vhiri rekutyaira modhi.

Sisitimu yekushandisa modes

Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti sisitimu yacho haikwanise kushandura torque ratio pakati pemakona akagadziriswa, BMW inoshanda xDrive ese-vhiri dhiraivha inoshanda mune akati wandei modes. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu munzira, pamwe nezviratidzo zvemabatiro emota akabatana.

Heano mamiriro chaiwo ezvinhu ayo emagetsi anogona kumutsa shanduko yesimba kutora-kure kune imwe neimwe axle:

1. Mutyairi anotanga kufamba zvakanaka. Muchiitiko ichi, zvemagetsi zvinomutsa iyo servo kuitira kuti kesi yekuchinjisa ichinjise makumi mashanu muzana yetoriki kuenda kumavhiri epamberi. Kana mota ichimhanyisa kusvika kumakiromita makumi maviri / h, zvemagetsi zvinodzoreredza mhedzisiro pane kukakavara pakati-kusvika-pakati batira, nekuda kwekuti torque chiyero pakati pemakona chinoshanduka zvakanaka ne50 / 20 (kumberi / kumashure);
2. Skid painokona (nei oversteer kana understeer achiitika, uye chii chinofanirwa kuitwa mune dzakadai zviitiko, zvinotsanangurwa mune imwe ongororo) inokonzeresa system kumisikidza mavhiri epamberi ne50%, kuti vatange kudhonza mota, vachiidzikamisa kana vachikwikwidza. Kana izvi zvisinga gone kudzorwa, chinodzora chinoshandisa mamwe masisitimu ekuchengetedza;
3. Kuparadza. Panyaya iyi, zvemagetsi, pane zvinopesana, zvinoita kuti mota ishure-vhiri rekutyaira, nekuda kwekuti mavhiri ekumashure anosunda mota, ichichinjisa munzira yakatarisana nekutenderera kwemavhiri ekufambisa. Zvakare, mota yemagetsi inoshandisa mamwe anoshanda uye anongoitika ekuchengetedza masisitimu;
4. Mota yakapinda muchando. Mune ino kesi, iyo system inogovera simba muhafu kune ese maekisero, uye mota inova yakasarudzika ese-mavhiri ekutyaira;
5. Kupaka mota mumugwagwa wakamanikana kana kutyaira kumhanya pamusoro pe180 km / h. Mune ino modhi, mavhiri epamberi akaremara zvachose, uye traction dzese dzinopihwa chete kune yekumashure axle. Iko kusagadzikana kweiyi modhi ndeyekuti zvakanyanya kuomera mota yekumashure-vhiri yekumisa, semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kutyaira kunzira diki, uye kana mugwagwa uchitsvedza, mavhiri anotsvedza.

Izvo zvakashata zve xDrive system ndeyokuti, nekuda kwekushomeka kwekuvharira kwepakati kana kuyambuka-axle kusiyanisa, imwe nzira haigone kuvhurwa nechisimba. Semuenzaniso, kana mutyairi achinyatsoziva kuti motokari ichanyatsopinda munei nharaunda, haazokwanise kuvhura ekisero rekumberi. Inoitwa otomatiki, asi chete kana mota yatanga kutsvedza. Mutyairi asina ruzivo anotanga kutora mamwe matanho, uye panguva ino ekisero repamberi rinotenderera, izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa tsaona. Nechikonzero ichi, kana pasina ruzivo rwekutyaira zvifambiso zvakadaro, zviri nani kudzidzira mumigwagwa yakavharwa kana munzvimbo dzakakosha.

Zvinhu zvehurongwa

Zvakakosha kufunga kuti kugadziridzwa kwevatakurwi mamodheru kwakasiyana nesarudzo dzakashongedzwa nema crossovers. Musiyano mukutamisa nyaya. In crossovers, iri cheni, uye mune mamwe mamodheru, igiya.

Iyo xDrive system ine:

• Otomatiki gearbox;
• Chinjana nyaya;
• Multi-ndiro kukweshera batira. Iyo yakaiswa mune yekuchinjisa kesi uye inotsiva iyo yepakati kusiyanisa;
• Mberi uye neshure makadhi akavhara;
• Mberi uye kumashure kusiyanisa-axle kusiyanisa.

Iyo yekuchinjisa kesi yemachiteshi ngoro uye sedans ine:

• Mberi vhiri dhiraivhu;
• Servo control cam;
• Zvepakati giya;
• Dhiraivha giya;
• Main lever;
• Multi-plate clutch;
• Kumashure ekisero yekutyaira mashini;
• Servo mota;
• Zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvekupokana;
• A pinion giya kwakabatana ne servomotor.

Iyo crossover kesi inoshandisa yakafanana dhizaini, kunze kwekunge cheni inoshandiswa panzvimbo peiyo idler giya.

Multi-ndiro kukweshera batira

Chinhu chakakosha cheiyo ichangoburwa chizvarwa cheakangwara xDrive system ndiko kusavapo kwenzvimbo musiyano. Yakatsiviwa neyakajairika-bhaa batira. Inotyairwa neservo yemagetsi. Iko mashandiro eiyi michina inotariswa neiyo yekufambisa yekudzora unit. Kana mota iri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara mumugwagwa, iyo microprocessor inogamuchira mamaki kubva kune yakagadzikana control system, mudhiraivho, chassis, nezvimwe. Mukupindura uku kupuruzira, algorithm yakarongedzwa inokonzereswa uye iyo servo inosunga iyo clutch discs nechisimba chinoenderana netambo inodiwa pane yechipiri ekisero.

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwekutapurirana (rwevapfuuri mota uye crossovers, shanduko dzakasiyana dzinoshandiswa), torque mune yekuchinjisa kesi kuburikidza nemagiya kana cheni inopihwa chikamu kumberi ekisero shaft. Iko kudzvinyirira simba kweiyo clutch discs kunoenderana nehunhu hunogamuchirwa neyunodzora unit.

Chii chinoona kugona kwesisitimu

Nekudaro, mukana weiyo xDrive system iri mune yakatsetseka uye isina nhanho kugovera patsva kwesimba pakati pemberi neshure maasi. Kubudirira kwayo kunokonzerwa nenyaya yekuchinjisa, inoitwa kuburikidza neyakajairika-dhiragi batira. Akaudzwa nezvake nguva pfupi yapfuura. Kutenda kuwiriranisa nemamwe masisitimu, iyo yekufambisa inokasira kuchinjika kune inochinja mamiriro emigwagwa uye inoshandura iyo simba yekubvisa nzira.

Sezvo basa rehurongwa iri kubvisa kutsvedza kwemavhiri ekutyaira zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, mota dzakashongedzerwa nayo zviri nyore kudzikamiswa mushure mekutsvedza. Kana paine chishuwo chekunyora zvakare (nezve zvazviri, verenga pano), saka, kana zvichibvira, iyi sarudzo inofanirwa kuve yakaremara kana kuremadza mamwe masisitimu anodzivirira kutsvedza kwemavhiri ekutyaira.

Kukanganisa kukuru

Kana paine matambudziko nekutapurirana (kungave kwema mechanical kana kuputsika kwemagetsi), ipapo chiratidzo chinowirirana padheshibhodhi chichavheneka. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwekuputsika, 4x4, ABS kana Brake icon inogona kuoneka. Sezvo kufambisa kuri chimwe chezvikwata zvakagadzikana mumotokari, kukundikana kwakaperera kwacho kunoitika kunyanya kana mutyairi akaregeredza masaini eiyo-bhodhi system kana zvisizvo zvinotangira kukundikana kwezvinhu zvekutapurirana.

Kana paine zvikanganiso zvidiki, chiratidzo chinopenya nguva nenguva chinogona kuratidzwa pane chakarongedzwa. Kana pasina chakaitwa, nekufamba kwenguva, chiratidzo chekubwaira chinotanga kupenya nguva dzose. Iyo "isina kusimba chinongedzo" mune xDrive system ndiyo servo, iyo inodzvanya ma discs epakati batira kune imwe nhanho. Neraki, vagadziri vakafanoona izvi, uye vakaisa mashandiro kuitira kuti kana ikakundikana, hazvidiwe kubvarura hafu yekutapurirana. Chinhu ichi chiri kunze kwekupa.

Asi izvi hazvisi zvega zvekuputsika hunhu hwesisitimu ino. Chiratidzo chinobva pane imwe sensor chinogona kurasikirwa (kubatana kuri oxidized kana waya cores dzakaputswa). Kukanganisa kwemagetsi kunogona zvakare kuitika. Kuti uone zvikanganiso, unogona kumhanyisa kuzviongorora kweayo-bhodhi system (kuti izvi zvingaitwe sei pane dzimwe mota zvinotsanangurwa pano) kana kupa mota yekuongorora komputa. Verenga zvakasiyana maitiro aya anoitwa.

Kana iyo servo drive ikatyoka, mabrashi kana iyo Horo sensor inogona kukundikana (mashandiro anoita sensor iyi inotsanangurwa mune imwe chinyorwa). Asi kunyangwe mune ino kesi, iwe unogona kuenderera uchityaira kuenda kunzvimbo yevhisi nemotokari. Ndiyo chete mota ichave ingori kumashure-vhiri dhiraivhu. Chokwadi, kugara uchishanda nekutyoka servo mota kwakazara nekutadza kwegearbox, saka haufanirwe kunonoka kugadzirisa kana kutsiva servo.

Kana mutyairi akachinja mafuta mubhokisi panguva, iyo razdatka "ichagara" nezve 100-120 zviuru. km. mileage. Iko kusakara kweiyo michina kunoratidzwa nemamiriro emafuta. Yekuongorora, zvinokwana kudurura mafuta kubva pagango rekutapurirana. Donhedza nekudonhedza pane yakachena napkin, iwe unogona kutaura kana iri nguva yekugadzirisa iyo system. Simbi shavings kana hwema hwekupisa hunoratidza kudiwa kwekutsiva mashandiro.

Chimwe chiratidzo chematambudziko ne servomotor haina kukwana kumhanyisa (iyo mota inokwenenzvera) kana muridzo unouya kubva kumavhiri ekumashure (ine anoshanda mabhureki system). Dzimwe nguva, paunenge uchityaira, iyo sisitimu inogona kugovera simba kune rimwe remavhiri ekutyaira kuitira kuti mota iwedzere kuvimba ichitendeuka. Asi mune ino kesi, iyo giya bhokisi inoiswa pasi pemutoro unorema uye inokurumidza kukundikana. Neichi chikonzero, iwe haufanire kukunda makakombama pakumhanya kwakanyanya. Kunyangwe akavimbika sei-ese maguru dhiraivha kana chengetedzo masystem, haakwanise kubvisa zvachose zvinoitika mutemo wepanyama pamotokari, saka zviri nani kuitira kuchengetedzeka mumugwagwa kutyaira wakadzikama, kunyanya pazvikamu zvisina kugadzikana zve mugwagwa.

mhedziso

Saka, xDrive kubva kuBMW yakazviratidza kwazvo zvekuti iyo inogadzira inoiisa pamotokari zhinji dzevanofamba, pamwe nemhando dzose dzechikamu che "Crossover" chine index yeX. Ichienzaniswa nezvizvarwa zvakapfuura, chizvarwa ichi chakavimbika zvakakwana zvekuti mugadziri haina kuronga kuitsiva nechinhu chero chipi zvacho.zvakadaro zvakanakisa.

Pakupera kwekudzokorora - vhidhiyo ipfupi yekuti mashandiro eXDrive anoshanda sei:

Ese-mavhiri ekutyaira BMW xDrive, ese ari maviri anoshanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinonzi BMW X Drive? Iyi ndiyo yese-vhiri dhiraivha system yakagadziriswa nemainjiniya kuBMW. Iyo ndeye chikamu cheanogara ese-mavhiri dhiraivha masisitimu ane anoenderera uye akasiyana torque kugovera.

Iyo X Drive system inoshanda sei? Uku kutapurirana kunobva pane yekirasi rear-wheel drive scheme. Iyo torque inogovaniswa pamwe nematemo kuburikidza neyekutamisa kesi (gear transmission inodzorwa nefriction clutch).

X Drive yakaonekwa rinhi? Mharidzo yepamutemo yeBMW xDrive all-wheel drive transmission yakaitwa muna 2003. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, chirongwa chine nguva dzose yakagadzika kugoverwa kwekusundira pamwe chete nemaekisi yakashandiswa.

Chii chinonzi BMW all-wheel drive? BMW inoshandisa marudzi maviri ekutyaira. Iyo yekumashure ndeye classic. Iyo yekumberi-vhiri dhiraivha haina kushandiswa musimboti. Asi ese-mavhiri dhiraivha ane inosiyana axle ratio ichangoburwa budiriro, uye inoratidzwa xDrive.