Utsi hwebhuruu kubva mukudzima

Kana muchina uchimhanya, zvigadzirwa zvemoto zvinoburitswa kubva mukuwisira, izvo zvakapfuura nhanho yekurira kwezwi uye kusagadzikana kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza. Maitiro aya anogara achiperekedzwa nekuumbwa kweutsi. Kunyanya kana injini ichiri kutonhora, uye ine hunyoro kana chando kunze, utsi huchave hwakanyanya, sezvo iine yakawanda condensate (kwainobva, inoti pano).

Zvisinei, kazhinji chiutsi hachirevi utsi chete, asi chine imwe mumvuri, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuona mamiriro enjini. Funga kuti nei utsi hweutsi hwebhuruu.

Nei ichisvuta hutsi hwebhuruu kubva pombi yekukanda

Chikonzero chega utsi hune bhuruu tint ndeyekuti injini yemafuta iri kupisa musilinda. Kazhinji dambudziko iri rinofambidzana pamwe achiperekedza injini malfunctions, somuenzaniso, anotanga kumhanya, mafuta anoramba achida kuwedzerwa, idling of the unit hazvibviri pasina gasi kuzadza, kutanga injini munguva inotonhora okunze (kazhinji dhiziri anotambura nedambudziko rakadai) zvakaoma kwazvo, nezvimwe.

Unogona kushandisa bvunzo yakapusa kuti uone kana oiri yapinda mune isina kugadzikana. Isu tinotanga injini, tora pepa uye tinotsiva iro kuneta. Kana iyo pombi ikakanda madonhwe emafuta, mavara ane girazi anoonekwa pane iyo jira. Mhedzisiro yeiyi cheki inoratidza dambudziko rakakomba risingakwanise kufuratirwa.

Zvikasadaro, kugadzirisa kunodhura kuchafanirwa kuitwa. Pamusoro peinjini capital, iyo inoshandura inoshandura inofanirwa kuchinjwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Nei mafuta uye mafuta asina kupiswa asingafanire kubvumidzwa kupinda muchinhu ichi, zvinotsanangurwa mukati akaparadzanisa ongororo.

Kazhinji, injini yechinyakare, iyo iri kusvika padanho rakakura, ichapfungaidza ne bluish chiutsi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwepamusoro pazvikamu zve cylinder-pisitoni boka (semuenzaniso, kupfeka kweO-mhete). Panguva imwecheteyo, kumanikidza mukati meinjini yekutsva yemukati kunodzikira, uye simba reyuniti rinoderera, nekuda kwekuti iko kumhanyisa kwekufambisa kunova kushomeka.

Asi hazvisi zvakajairika kuti utsi hwebhuruu uonekwe kubva pombi yekuzadza uye nedzimwe mota nyowani. Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa panguva yekudziya munguva yechando. Kana injini ichipisa, zvinoitika zvinonyangarika. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana mutyairi achishandisa mafuta ekugadzira, uye semi-synthetics kana mamineral mvura mune zvese zvinoratidzwa mumirairo yekushandisa yemota (verenga nezve mutsauko uripakati pezvinhu izvi. pano).

Izvi zvinoitika kana girizi remvura muinjini inotonhorera ichipinda mukati memakomba ekumanikidza kupinda muchirinda. Kana peturu (kana dhiziri) ikatungidzwa, chinhu chacho chinopiswa zvishoma, uye zvimwe zvese zvichabhururuka zvichipinda mukuwandisa kwakasiyana. Sezvo injini yemoto yemukati inodziya, nhengo dzayo dzinokura zvishoma kubva patembiricha, nekuda kwekuti gwanza iri rinobviswa, uye utsi hunonyangarika.

Izvi zvinotevera zvinhu zvinokanganisa hutsi hwe mota.

• Injini inopisa sei yemukati (verenga nezve tembiricha yekushanda kweinjini mu imwe nyaya; kana zviri zvehutongi hutongi hweinjini yedhiziri, verenga pano);
• Injini yeinjini inosangana nezvinodiwa zvemugadziri weICE;
• Huwandu hwekuchinja kwe crankshaft panguva yekudziya-up uye kutyaira;
• Mamiriro ezvinhu ayo mota inoshandiswa (semuenzaniso, mune yakanyorova uye inotonhora mamiriro ekunze, mafomu ekugunzva muiyo system yekudzimisa, iyo inogona kubviswa nekumhanyisa kutyaira mumugwagwa mukuru pane yakatsiga rpm).

Kazhinji kazhinji, zviratidzo zvekutanga zveinjini neoiri zvinopinda musilinda zvinogona kuoneka nehutsi hwakawanda (matsutso uye nguva yechando), mota ichidziya. Kugara uchiongorora huremu hwemafuta musump kunobatsira kuona kuti injini yatanga kutora mafuta uye inoda kuzadzwa.

Kuwedzera kune bhuruu mune yekuzadza, zvinotevera zvinhu zvinogona kuratidza kuvepo kwemafuta muma cylinders:

1. Chikwata chemagetsi chinotanga katatu;
2. Injini inotanga kudya yakawanda girisi (muzviitiko zvemberi, chiyero ichi chinogona kuwedzera kusvika pa1000ml / 100km);
3. Hunhu hwedhabhoni dhipoziti hwakaonekwa pamaburi emoto (kune rumwe ruzivo nezve izvi kumwe kuongorora);
4. Makomba akavharika, nekuda kwekuti mafuta edhiziri haana kumisirwa mukamuri, asi anodira mairi;
5. Kumanikidza kunowira (nezve zvazviri uye maitiro ekuyera, verenga pano) chero mune ese masirinda, nekuti mune rimwe rawo;
6. Mukutonhora, injini yakatanga kutanga zvakanyanya, uye kunyange mudanga panguva yekushanda (inowanzoonekwa mumainjini edhiziri, nekuti kwavari mhando yemafuta emoto anoenderana nekumanikidza);
7. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, inogona kunhuwa utsi hunopinda mukamuri revapfuuri (kudziya mukati, chitofu chinotora mweya kubva muchikamu cheinjini, uko utsi hunogona kupinda kana mota yakamira uye mhepo ichivhuvhuta mumugwagwa kubva kumashure).

Mafuta anopinda sei muzvigubhu

Oiri inogona kupinda humburumbira kuburikidza:

• Yakabikwa compression uye mafuta anotsvedza zvindori zvakaiswa pamapiston;
• Kubudikidza neyakaonekwa gapuro muvhavha yeguruvhosi sleeve, uyezve nekuda kwekufuka kweyevharuvha masitampu (mafuta emagetsi zvisimbiso);
• Kana iyo unit iine turbocharger, ipapo kukanganisika kwechimiro ichi kunogona zvakare kutungamira kune ingress yemafuta muchikamu chinopisa cheiyo chiutsi.

Nei mafuta achipinda muma cylinders

Saka, mafuta anogona kupinda mune inopisa kupisa chiutsi kana injini humburumbira nezvinotevera malfunctions:

1. Chisimbiso cheoiri yevhavha yakasakara (kune rumwe ruzivo nezve kutsiva chikamu ichi, ona pano);
2. Iko kusimba kwevhavha (imwe kana kupfuura) yadambuka;
3. Zvikwenya zvakaumbwa mukati mematombo;
4. Akanamatira pisitoni mhete kana kutyora kwevamwe vacho;
5. Iyo geometry ye cylinder (s) yakaputswa.

Kana vharuvhu yatsva, inozoonekwa - mota haina simba. Imwe yeanopisa-kunze mavharuvhu kuderera kwakasimba kwekumanikidza. Pazasi isu ticha nyatso tarisa aya matambudziko.

Worn vharafu hunde zvisimbiso

Valve mafuta zvisimbiso zvinofanirwa kuve zvinoshanduka. Iwo akaiswa pane iyo vharafu stem kubvisa mafuta kubva muvhavha yekudzivirira kudzivirira kupfeka. Kana chikamu ichi chikasindimara, chinomanikidza kudzika kwacho zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kuti rimwe girizi rinyure mukati mevhu kana kupinda.

Kana mutyairi achishandisa injini kumisira mabhureki kana kumutsa mota nekumhara, kuburikidza nemakepisi akaomarara kana akatsemuka, oiri yakawanda inopinda musilinda kana kusara pamadziro eefuture yakawanda. Pangosvika tembiricha iri mudumbu, girisi rinotanga kuputa, richigadzira hutsi nemumvuri.

Zvinokanganisa mumamiriro emagetsi

Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana marara, akaita sejecha rejecha nemhepo, akapinda musirinda kana firita yemhepo yakabvaruka. Izvo zvinoitika kuti kana uchitsiva kana kutarisa spark plugs, mutyairi haana hanya, uye tsvina kubva padyo-yekusingaperi nzvimbo inopinda mukenduru zvakanaka.

Munguva yekushanda, zvimedu zvekunze zvehasha zvinopinda pakati pemhete yepiston nemadziro esirinda. Nekuda kwesimba remuchina mhedzisiro, girazi repamusoro rakakwenenzverwa, maforogwa kana ma scuffs fomu pairi.

Izvi zvinotungamira mukutyorwa kwehusimbe hwepiston uye masirinda, nekuda kwekuti iroji remafuta harina kukwana, uye girizi inotanga kuoneka munzvimbo yekushanda.

Chimwe chikonzero chekuonekwa kweanopwanya tudonhwe mumasilindari ndeyemhando yepamusoro yemafuta. Vamwe vatyairi vanofuratira mirau yekushandura girizi, pamwe nayo nefuta yemafuta. Nechikonzero ichi, huwandu hwakawanda hwesimbi hunoungana munzvimbo (dzinoonekwa semhedzisiro yekupera kwemamwe mativi euniti), uye zvishoma nezvishoma inovhara firita, iyo inogona kutungamira mukuparara kwayo.

Kana mota yakamira kwenguva refu, uye injini yayo ikasatanga nguva nenguva, ngura inogona kuoneka pamhete. Inini painongotanga injini, dombo iri rinokwenya masvingo esirinda.

Chimwe chikonzero chekutyora humburumbira girazi ndiko kushandiswa kwemhando yepamusoro yezvipenga panguva yekugadzirisa injini. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvakachipa zvindori kana zvakaremara mapistoni.

Kuchinja geometry ye cylinder

Panguva yekushanda kwesimba remagetsi, geometry yemasilindiri inoshanduka zvishoma nezvishoma. Ehe, ichi chiito chakareba, saka ndizvo zvinowanzoitika kune injini dzakakwira mileage, uye idzo dzatove pedyo nekugadzirisa kukuru.

Kuti uone kusashanda zvakanaka uku, unofanirwa kutora mota kuenda kuchiteshi chebasa. Maitiro acho anoitwa uchishandisa yakakosha michina, saka haigone kuitirwa pamba.

Kuitika kwezvindori

Kudzvinyirira uye mafuta anotsvedza zvindori zvinogadzirwa nemadimimendi akati kurei pane mapiston. Ivo vane chakatsemurwa kune rumwe rutivi icho chinobvumira iyo mhete kuve yakamanikidzwa panguva yekuisirwa. Nekufamba kwenguva, kana uchishandisa oiri yakaipa kana mafuta uye kuumbwa kwemakoni kabhoni, mhete yacho inonamira kune iyo pisitoni groove, iyo inotungamira mukudonha kweiyo silinda-pisitoni boka.

Zvakare, kuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzekabhoni pamaringi kunokanganisa kubviswa kwekupisa kubva kumadziro esirinda. Kazhinji mune iyi kesi, utsi hwebhuruu hunogadzirwa kana mota ichimhanyisa. Dambudziko iri achiperekedzwa kuderera compression, uye nazvo simba mumotokari.

Chimwe chikonzero chekuonekwa kweutsi hweutsi kubva kune chiutsi iko kusashanda mune crankcase kufefetedza. Iyo crankcase gasi, ine yakanyanya kumanikidza, inotarisa kwekuenda uye inogadzira kumanikidza kukuru kwemafuta, iyo inotanga kusvina ichibuda pakati pemaringi episton. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, tarisa oparadzanisa oiri iri pamusoro peinjini (mumotokari dzekare diki) pasi pemutsipa wemafuta.

Zvinowanzoitika zvikonzero zveutsi hwebhuruu

Kuwedzera kune zvakarongeka zvisina kufanira, kuumbwa kweutsi hwebhuruu kunogona kuitika mune zvisingawanzoitika, zvisina kujairika mamiriro. Heano mamwe acho:

1. Mota itsva yakatanga kupfungaira. Chaizvoizvo, maitiro akafanana anoonekwa kana injini yemoto yemukati iri kudziya. Chikonzero chikuru zvidimbu zvisina kukwikwidzana. Kana mota ikasvika padanho rekushisa rinoshanda, mukaha unonyangarika pakati pezvinhu, uye chinomisa kuputa.
2. Kana muchina wakashongedzerwa ne-turbocharger, iwo oiri anogona kuputa kunyange kana iyo silinda-pisitoni boka nemavharuvhu ari mukushanda kwakanaka. Iyo turbine pachayo inoshanda nekuda kwemhedzisiro yekupedza gasi pane yayo impeller. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinhu zvaro zvishoma nezvishoma zvinodziyirwa kune tembiricha yeiyo chiutsi chinosiya humburumbira, iyo mune zvimwe zviitiko inodarika madhigirii chiuru. Worn bearings uye yekuisa chisimbiso bushings zvishoma nezvishoma zvinorega kuchengetedza mafuta anopiwa ekuzora, ayo mamwe acho anopinda mune yakawanda chiutsi, mairi inotanga kupfungaira uye kupisa kunze. Dambudziko rakadai rinoonekwa nekuparadzaniswa kweturbine, mushure meizvozvo mamiriro emhepo uye mhango padyo nezvisimbiso zvinoongororwa. Kana zvisaririra zvemafuta zvichionekwa pavari, saka zvinhu zvinotsiviwa zvinofanirwa kuchinjwa nezvitsva.

Heano zvimwe zvikonzero zvisingawanzoitika zvemafuta anopinda muma cylinders kana pombi yekuzadza:

• Somugumisiro wekugara uchiputika kwemotokari, zvindori kana mabhiriji pamabhanhire epistoni;
• Kana iyo unit ikanyanyisa kupisa, iyo geometry yeiyo pisitoni siketi inogona kuchinja, iyo inotungamira mukuwedzera kwemupengo, iyo isingabviswe nefirimu yemafuta;
• Somugumisiro sando yemvura (nezve zvazviri, uye nzira yekudzivirira mota kubva padambudziko rakadai, verenga mukati kumwe kuongorora) iyo tsvimbo yekubatanidza inogona kunge yakaremara. Dambudziko rakafanana rinogona kuoneka kana bhandi renguva rakabvaruka (mune mamwe mainjini, bhandi rakabvaruka haritungamidze kusangana pakati pemapiston nemavhavhari akavhurika);
• Vamwe varidzi vemota nemaune vanoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, vachifunga kuti zvigadzirwa zvese zvakafanana. Nekuda kweizvozvo - kabhoni inoisa pamhete uye kuitika kwavo;
• Kupisa kweinjini kana zvimwe zvacho zvinogona kutungamira mukusanganisa kwemafuta-mweya musanganiswa (izvi zvinowanzoendesa kudonhedzi) kana kupenya kuvesa. Somugumisiro - anokungurutsa pisitoni mhete, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange achikanganisa injini.

Mazhinji ezviratidzo zvakanyorwa zvine chekuita nenyaya dzepamberi. Chaizvoizvo, dambudziko rinoitika mune imwe humburumbira, asi hazvishamise kuti dambudziko rioneke mu "makombi" akati wandei. Pakutanga shanduko muvara weiyo chiutsi, zvakakosha kutarisa kumanikidza kweinjini yekutsva yemukati uye mamiriro eeparaki plugs.

zvakawanikwa

Rondedzero yezvikonzero zvikonzero zvekuonekwa kwebluish chiutsi kubva pombi haina kureba. Aya ndiwo anowanzo mavhavha emagetsi, mhete dzakapfekwa kana, mune yakasarudzika kesi, yakakwenya humburumbira. Zvinotenderwa kuchovha mota dzakadai, asi izvi zviri panjodzi yako wega uye panjodzi. Chikonzero chekutanga ndechekuti utsi hwebhuruu hunoratidza kushandiswa kwemafuta - inofanirwa kukwidziridzwa. Chikonzero chechipiri ndechekuti kutasva mota yakashata kunotungamira mukunyanyisa kupfeka kwezvimwe zvikamu zvaro.

Mhedzisiro yekushanda kwakadai kunowedzera mafuta, kuderera kwemasimba emota, uye, semhedzisiro, kuputsika kwechimwe chikamu chechikamu. Zvakanakisisa kuti uende pakarepo kunoongororwa kana paine hunhu hwehutsi, kuitira kuti gare gare usazopambadza mari yakawanda mukugadzirisa kunotevera.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chaunofanira kuita kana utsi hwebhuruu hukabuda mupombi yekupedza simba? Mumotokari itsva kana mushure mekugadzirisa kukuru kwejini inopisa mukati, unoda kumirira zvishoma kusvikira zvikamu zvasakara. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, iwe uchafanirwa kuenda kunogadziriswa, sezvo ichi chiratidzo chekusashanda kweiyo injini inopisa mukati.

Sei motokari ine utsi hwebhuruu? Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti kunze kwemafuta, mafuta anopindawo mumasilinda. Kazhinji, mafuta anopisa anenge 0.2% yemafuta ekushandisa. Kana tsvina yakawedzera kusvika 1%, izvi zvinoratidza kusashanda kwemotokari.