Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika
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Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika

Vhura hood yemota uye pane mukana we90% wekurovera neine-humburumbira injini. Dhizaini yacho yakapusa uye isingadhuri kugadzira, compact, uye inopa maficha akakwana kune akawanda mota.

Zvisinei, ndapota cherechedza: dzakawanda zveinjini idzi dzine huwandu hwekushanda hwe 1,5-2 malita, i.e. huwandu hwehumburumbira imwe neimwe haipfuuri 0,5 litita. Kashoma kuti ina-cylinder injini ine hombe displacement. Uye kunyange zvakadaro, nhamba dzinongowedzera zvishoma: 2,3-2,5 litita. Muenzaniso wakajairika ndeye mhuri yeFord-Mazda Duratec, ine yekare 2,5-litre injini (inowanikwa muFord Mondeo neMazda CX-7). Kana, toti, 2,4-litre, iyo ine Kia Sportage kana Hyundai Santa Fe crossovers.

Sei vagadziri vasingawedzere basa zvakanyanya? Pane zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda. Chekutanga, nekuda kwekudedera: mune 4-cylinder injini, iyo inertial masimba emutsara wechipiri haina kuenzana, uye kuwedzera kwevhoriyamu kunowedzera zvakanyanya danho rekuzunguza (uye izvi zvinotungamira mukudzikira kwete mukunyaradza chete asiwo mukuvimbika) . Mhinduro inogoneka, asi isiri nyore - kazhinji ine yakaoma shaft balancing system.

Kune zvakare matambudziko akakomba ekugadzira - kuwedzera kukuru kwepiston sitiroko inodzivirirwa nekuwedzera kweinertial mitoro, uye kana iyo cylinder dhayamita yakawedzera zvakanyanya, kupisa kwakajairika kwemafuta kunokanganiswa uye njodzi yekuputika inowedzera. Mukuwedzera, kune matambudziko nekuiswa kwayo pachako - semuenzaniso, nekuda kwekukwirira kwechifukidziro chepamberi.

Zvakadaro kune runyorwa rurefu rwezvakasiyana munhoroondo yeindasitiri yemotokari. Diesel injini dzakanga dzisina kuiswa nemaune mukusarudzwa kweMotokari - kunyanya kumotokari dzinorema, pakati peiyo vhoriyamu inosvika 8,5 litita. Mamotor akadaro anononoka, saka kuwedzera kwemitoro inertial haina kutyisa kwavari - pakupedzisira inosanganiswa nekumhanya kwekutsamira kwe quadratic. Mukuwedzera, nzira yekupisa mumajini edhiziri yakasiyana zvachose.

Saizvozvowo, kuedza kwakasiyana-siyana kwekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 hakuna kubatanidzwa, seDaimler-Benz 21,5-liter four-cylinder petrol engine. Ipapo kusikwa kweinjini kuchiri muhucheche, uye mainjiniya haazive nezvezvakawanda zvinokonzeresa zvinoitika mukati maro. Nechikonzero ichi, iyo gallery pazasi inongoratidzira mana-cylinder hofori dzakazvarwa mumakore makumi matanhatu apfuura.

Toyota 3RZ-FE - 2693 cc

Injini yakagadzirwa mukunopera kwema80 yakanangana neHiAce van, Prado SUVs neHilux mapikicha. Zvinodikanwa zveinjini dzakadai zvakajeka: kune off-road kudhiraivha kana nemutoro unorema, iwe unoda torque yakanaka pazasi rpm uye yakakwira elasticity (kunyangwe ichikanganisa simba rakanyanya). Kunyanya yakaderera mutengo, iyo inonyanya kukosha kumatengesi emotokari.

Injini ye 2,7-litre ndiyo yekare mumutsara we peturu "ina" yeRZ series. Kubva pakutanga, dzakagadzirwa netarisiro yekuwedzera vhoriyamu, kuitira kuti iyo yakasimba yesimbi-yesimbi block yakaungana zvakanyanya: kureba pakati pemasilinda kwaive kwakakura se 102,5 millimeters. Kuwedzera vhoriyamu kusvika 2,7 malita, silinda dhayamita uye piston sitiroko 95 millimeters. Kusiyana neiyo diki RZ yakatevedzana injini, iyi ine chiyero shafts kuderedza vibration.

Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika

Kwenguva yayo, injini ine dhizaini yemazuvano, asi isina exoticism: iyo cast-iron block yakafukidzwa nemusoro we16-vharuvhu, ine cheni yenguva, isina hydraulic lifters. Simba rinongoita 152 bhiza, asi yakanyanya torque ye240 Nm inowanikwa pa4000 rpm.

Muna 2004, yakagadziridzwa vhezheni yeinjini ine 2TR-FE index yakaburitswa, iyo yakagamuchira musoro mutsva silinda ine hydraulic compensators uye nechikamu switch pane inopinza (uye kubvira 2015 - pakubuda). Simba rayo rave richifananidzira kuwedzera kusvika ku163 horsepower, asi iyo torque yepamusoro ye245 Nm ikozvino inowanikwa pa 3800 rpm.

Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika

GM L3B - 2727 cc

Hezvino izvo zvinoita kudzikisira muAmerica zvinotaridzika kunge: Senge imwe nzira kune yakasikwa inoshuvira 8-humburumbira injini, General Motors iri kugadzira hombe turbocharged ina-humburumbira injini ine anopfuura 2,7 litita.

Kubva pakutanga, injini yakagadziridzwa kuti iite mapikicha akazara. Kuwedzera torque pa low revs, inogadzirwa nekurohwa kwakareba kwazvo: bore i 92,25 millimeters uye piston stroke i102 millimeters.

Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika

Panguva imwecheteyo, injini yakagadzirirwa maererano nemhando dzazvino uno: yakananga mafuta jekiseni (ine lateral majekiseni), danho switch, silinda yekudzima system pane zvishoma mutoro, uye pombi yemagetsi yeiyo inotonhora system inoshandiswa. Iyo cylinder block uye musoro zvakagadzirwa nealuminium alloy, uye iyo yakawanda yekuwandisa inosanganisirwa mumusoro, iyo BorgWarner turbocharger ine maviri-chiteshi uye iine isina kujairika ichitenderera geometry.

Simba reinjini iyi Turbo rinosvika 314 horsepower, uye torque iri 473 Nm pa 1500 rpm chete. Yakaiswa pazasi mavhezheni emota hombe yeChevrolet Silverado (hama yeChevrolet Tahoe SUV), asi kubva gore rinouya ichaiswa pasi pehodhi ... paCadillac CT4 compact rear-wheel drive sedan - kana asi, pane yayo "yakakudzwa" vhezheni yeCT4-V. Kwaari, simba richawedzerwa kusvika 325 horsepower, uye torque yakakura - kusvika 515 Nm.

Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika

GM LLV

Pakati pekupera kwezana ramakore, General Motors akatanga mhuri yese yeAtlas injini dzakabatana dzepakati pevashambadzi, maSUV uye mapikicha. Ose ane misoro yemazuva mana-vharuvhu, imwechete pisitoni sitiroko (102 mamirimita), maviri madhiri dhayamita (93 kana 95,5 mamilimita) uye imwe nhamba yemasilinda (mana, mashanu kana matanhatu).

Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika

Four-cylinders ane indices LK5 uye LLV, kushanda kwavo vhoriyamu 2,8 uye 2,9 malita, uye simba ravo 175 uye 185 horsepower. Sezvinjini zvepikicha, vane "simba" hunhu - torque yakakura (251 uye 258 Nm) inosvika pa2800 rpm. Vanogona kutenderera kusvika ku6300 rpm. Injini dze4-cylinder dziri mubvunzo dzakaiswa muchizvarwa chekutanga cheChevrolet Colorado uye GMC Canyon yepakati-saizi pickups uye yakamiswa pamwe chete nemhando mbiri (yechizvarwa chekutanga mubvunzo) muna 2012.

Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika

Porsche M44/41, M44/43 uye M44/60 - 2990cc cm

Mazhinji enjini mune iyi sarudzo zvikamu zvakapusa zvakagadzirirwa mapikicha, maveni, kana maSUV. Asi iyi imwe nyaya yakasiyana: iyi injini yakagadzirirwa Porsche 944 yemitambo mota.

Coupe isingadhuri ine injini yekumusoro yePorsche 924 injini kubva kuma1970s yaigara ichishoropodzwa nekuda kweinjini yayo ye2-litre ina-humburumbira Audi injini. Ndokusaka, mushure mekuvandudza zvakanyanya mota yemitambo, vagadziri vePorsche vari kuigadzira neinjini yakanyatsosiyana. Ichokwadi, kukamurwa kwakakosha ukuru hwenzvimbo yeinjini, iyo kubva pakutanga chaipo yakagadzirirwa kuiswa kwe "ina".

Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika

Iyo Porsche 944, yakaburitswa muna 1983, ine hafu chaiyo yealuminium V8 kubva pahombe yePorsche 928. Injini ye2,5 litres inozove nesitiroko pfupi uye kubhowa kukuru kwemamirimita zana: ine masilinda mana izvi zvinopa kusaenzana zvakanyanya. , saka zvinodikanwa kushandisa Mitsubishi's patent system ine peya yekuenzanisa shafts. Asi injini inoshanduka kuva inogona kuchinjika - mota inotanga mugiya rechipiri pasina matambudziko.

Zvadaro injini yekufambisa yakawedzerwa kutanga kusvika 2,7 litita, zvichiita kuti humburumbira dhayamita yakawedzera kusvika 104 millimeters. Zvadaro piston sitiroko yakawedzera kusvika 87,8 millimeters, zvichiita kuti vhoriyamu 3 malita - imwe huru "mana" munhoroondo indasitiri yemotokari! Mukuwedzera, kune zvose zviri mumhepo uye turbocharged shanduro.

Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika

Shanduro dzinoverengeka dzeinjini-lita dzakaburitswa: Porsche 944 S2 inovandudza 208 horsepower, nepo Porsche 968 yatova ne240 horsepower. Ese matatu-lita echisikigo aspirated injini ane 16-vharuvhu humburumbira musoro.

Iyo yakanyanya simba vhezheni yeakateedzana i8-vharuvhu turbo injini inovandudza 309 horsepower. Nekudaro, iwe haufanirwe kuzomboiona ichirarama, nekuti yakashongedzerwa chete nePorsche 968 Carrera S, iyo gumi nemana chete zvikamu zvakagadzirwa. Mumujaho vhezheni yeTurbo RS, inogadzirwa mumakopi matatu chete, injini iyi inokwidziridzwa kusvika 14 horsepower. Nenzira, 350-valve Turbo injini yakagadzirwa, asi chete semuenzaniso.

Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika

Pontiac

Sezvauri kuona, vhoriyamu yemalita matatu kune ina-cylinder injini haisi iyo inogumira! Mucherechedzo uyu wakayambuka ne 4 Pontiac Trophy 1961 injini ine kubviswa kwe 3,2 malita.

Injini iyi yaiva imwe yezvibereko zvebasa raJohn DeLorean, uyo panguva iyoyo aitungamirira chikamu chePontiac cheGeneral Motors. Iyo nyowani compact modhi Pontiac Tempest (compact neAmerican zviyero - kureba 4,8 m) inoda yakachipa base injini, asi kambani haina mari yekuigadzira.

Pakukumbira kwaDeLorean, injini yakagadzirwa kubva pasi kumusoro neanozivikanwa mujaho wemakanika Henry "Smokey" Akasiyana. Iyo chaiyo inodimbura muhafu ye6,4-litre Big Eight kubva kumhuri yeTrophy V8.

Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika

Injini inoguma inorema kwazvo (240 kg), asi yakachipa zvakanyanya kugadzira - mushure mezvose, ine zvese seV8. Mainjini ese ari maviri ane akafanana bore uye sitiroko, uye ane huwandu hwezvikamu zana nemakumi maviri mukugadzira. Izvo zvakare zvinogadzirwa munzvimbo imwechete, zvichikonzera kukosha kwekuchengetedza mari.

Injini ina-humburumbira inokura kubva pa110 kusvika 166 emabhiza zvichienderana neshanduro yecarburetor. Injini yakavharwa muna 1964, zvakafanana nekuvandudzwa kwechizvarwa chechipiri Tempest.

Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika

IHC Comanche - 3212 cu. cm

Saizvozvowo, iyo V8 mukutanga kwema1960 yakava mota yeComanche yechina-humburumbira injini yeInternational Harvester Scout SUV. Zvino ichi hachizi chakanganwika zvachose, asi chakazoburitsa michina yekurima, marori, mapikicha, uye muna 1961 yakaburitsa diki yemugwagwa Scout.

Iyo Comanche ina-cylinder akatevedzana akagadzirirwa iyo base injini. International Harvester ikambani diki ine zviwanikwa zvishoma, saka injini nyowani yakagadzirwa zvine hupfumi sezvinobvira: vagadziri vakacheka mashanu-litrea imwe yakagadzirirwa kuiswa kwakamira (semuenzaniso, kutyaira jenareta), vagadziri vakaicheka nepakati. .

Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika

Pakazosvika 1968, kambani iyi yaivaka hofori nenzira imwecheteyo: iyo 3,2-litre ina-humburumbira injini yakawanikwa mushure mekucheka hafu ye6,2-litre V8 yakagadzirirwa michina inorema. Iyo injini nyowani yakagadzira chete 111 bhiza, uye pakupera kwema70s, nekuda kwekusimbisa zvinodikanwa zvehuturu, simba rayo rakadonhera ku93 bhiza.

Zvisinei, nguva refu zvisati zvaitika, chikamu chayo muchirongwa chekugadzira chakadonha apo injini dzeV8 dzine simba uye dzakatsetseka dzakatanga kuiswa paScout SUV. Nekudaro, izvo hazvichina basa - mushure mezvose, injini iyi inodzika munhoroondo seyo huru 4-cylinder yakamboiswa mumotokari!

Iyo huru-ina-humburumbira injini munyika

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