Chii chaunosarudza: robhoti kana musiyano
Zviri mukati
Iyo kusiyanisa uye iro robhoti zvinhu zviviri zvitsva uye pane kuvimbisa zviitiko mumunda we otomatiki transmissions. Imwe mhando yepfuti yemuchina, imwe makanika. Ndeupi musiyano wakanakisa kana robhoti? Ngatiitei rondedzero yekufananidza yezvose zviri zviviri kufambiswa, sarudza zvakanakira nekuipira, uye tigoita sarudzo chaiyo.
Zvese nezve chishandiso chemusiyano
Musiyano uri mhando otomatiki hutachiwana. Iyo yakagadzirirwa kuendesa zvakanaka torque kubva kuinjini kuenda kumavhiri uye nekuenderera ichichinja giya reshiyo mune yakatarwa renji.
Kazhinji mune zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi zvemotokari, chidimbu cheCVT chinogona kuwanikwa sezita rekuti gearbox. Iyi ndiyo variator, inoshandurwa kubva kuChirungu - "inogara ichichinja giya ratio kutapurirana" (Continuously Variable Transmission).
Basa hombe remusiyano ndere kupa shanduko yakatsetseka mu torque kubva kuinjini, izvo zvinoita kuti kumhanyisa kwemota kuve kwakatsetseka, pasina majee uye madhipi. Simba remuchina rinoshandiswa kusvika pakukwirisa uye mafuta anopedzwa padiki.
Kudzora iyo kusiyanisa zvakangofanana nekutonga otomatiki kutapurirana, kunze kwekuchinja kwesitepisi.
Muchidimbu nezvemhando dzeCVT
- V-bhandi musiyano. Inonyanya kushandiswa. Musiyano uyu une bhanhire rakatambanudzwa pakati pemapuleti maviri akatsvedza. Nheyo yekushanda kweiyo V-bhandi variator ine shanduko yakatsetseka muiyo giya reshiyo nekuda kweshanduko inowirirana mune yekudyidzana radii yepulleys uye V-bhandi.
- Chain musiyano. Zvishoma zvakajairika. Pano, basa rebhandi rinoitwa neketani, iyo inopfuudza simba rekudhonza, kwete simba rinosunda.
- Toroidal musiyano. Iyo toroidal vhezheni yekutapurirana, inosanganisira ma disc uye rollers, zvakare yakakodzera kutariswa. Kuendeswa kwetorque pano kunoitwa nekuda kwesimba rekukweshera kweanodzungudza pakati pemadhisiki, uye iro giya reshiyo rinoshandurwa nekufambisa iwo anotenderera anoenderana neiyo yakatwasuka axis.
Izvo zvikamu zvevheji regearbox zvinodhura uye zvakaoma kuwana, uye iro giya pachezvayo harizove rakachipa, uye matambudziko anogona kumuka nekugadziriswa kwayo. Sarudzo inodhura kwazvo ichave iri toroidal bhokisi, rinoda simbi yakasimba yesimba uye yakanyanya kugadzirwa kwemashopu.
Zvakanakira nekuipira mabhatani eiyari
Ese maviri akanaka uye asina kunaka ezve musiyano akatove ataurwa muchinyorwa. Kuti zvive pachena, tinozvipa ivo mutafura.
| zvakwakanakira | kutadza |
|---|---|
| 1. Smooth mota kufamba, isina nhanho kumhanyisa | 1. Mari yakakwira yebhokisi nekugadziriswa kwayo, zvinodhura zvinoshandiswa nemafuta |
| 2. Chengetedza mafuta nekushandisa zvakakwana injini | 2. Kusakodzera kwemitoro yepamusoro uye mamiriro emigwagwa inorema |
| 3. Zvakareruka uye huremu hwakaderera hwebhokisi uchienzanisa neyekutanga otomatiki kutapurirana | 3. "Inofungisisa mhedzisiro" kana uchichinja magiya (kunyangwe, tichienzanisa ne robot, iyo variator "inodzora pasi" zvishoma) |
| 4. Kugona kutyaira pane yakanyanya injini torque | 4. Zvinorambidzwa pakuisa pamota dzine injini dzemagetsi dzakakwira |
Kudzivirira mudziyo kubva kudzikisira mutyairi panguva yekushanda, zvinotevera mamiriro zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa:
- tarisa huwandu hwemafuta mukutapurirana uye nekuchinja munguva;
- usatakure bhokisi panguva inotonhora nguva yechando pakutanga kwekufamba, kana uchikweva mota uye uchityaira-munzira;
- nguva nenguva tarisa zvikamu zvinobatanidza uye wiring yemabhureki;
- kuongorora mashandiro eema sensors: kusavapo kwechiratidzo kubva kune chero chazvo kunogona kutungamira mukusarongeka kwebhokisi.
Iyo CVT inguva nyowani uye isati yagadziriswa nzira yekutapurirana iyo ine zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda. Kunyangwe izvi, ivo vanogadzira uye vagadziri vanofanotaura ramangwana rakanaka kwaari. CVT ndiyo yakapusa mhando yekufambisa zvese maererano nehunyanzvi dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda.
Zvisinei nezvakanaka zvinoonekwa zvinopa hupfumi hwemafuta uye kutyaira kwekutyaira, maCVTs haawanzo shandiswa nhasi uye, kunyanya, mumotokari dzevanofamba kana midhudhudhu. Ngatione kuti zvinhu zviri sei neirobhoti.
Robhoti giya bhokisi
Robhoti giya bhokisi (robhoti) - Chinyorwa hutachiwana, umo michina mashandiro anoita giya chinja uye batira kuzvidzora. Iri basa rinotambiswa nemadhiraivha maviri, rimwe rayo rinoona nezve kudzora magearhift mashini, yechipiri yekuita uye kubvisa batira.
Robhoti yakagadzirirwa kusanganisa zvakanakira bhuku rekufambisa uye otomatiki muchina. Inobatanidza kutyaira kunyaradza (kubva muchina), pamwe nekuvimbika uye hupfumi hwehupfumi (kubva kumakanika).
Chigadzirwa uye musimboti wekushanda kwerobhoti
Izvo zvakakosha zvinhu zvinogadzira robhoti giya bhokisi ndeiyi:
- Chinyorwa Chekutumira;
- batira uye batira nemotokari;
- giya chinja dhiraivha;
- Kudzora block.
Nheyo yekushanda kweiyo robhoti haina kusiyana nekushanda kweanowanzo makanika. Musiyano urimo mukutonga system. Izvi zvinoitwa mu robot nemagetsi uye magetsi. Hydraulic zvinhu zvinopa kukurumidza kuchinjika, asi zvinoda zvimwe zviwanikwa. Mumagetsi emagetsi, pane zvinopesana, mitengo yacho ishoma, asi panguva imwechete kunonoka mukuita kwavo kunogoneka.
Iyo robotic transmission inogona kushanda nenzira mbiri: otomatiki uye semi-otomatiki. Mune otomatiki modhi, yemagetsi kudzora inogadzira yakatarwa kuteedzana kwekutonga bhokisi. Maitiro acho akavakirwa pamasaini kubva kune ekuisa maseru. Mune semi-otomatiki (echinyorwa) modhi, iwo magiya anoshandurwa zvakateedzana achishandisa switch lever. Mune zvimwe zvinyorwa, robotic transmission inonzi "sequential gearbox" (kubva muchiLatin sequensum - kuteedzana).
Robhoti zvakanakira nekuipira
Iyo robhoti gearbox ine zvese zvakanakira otomatiki muchina uye makanika. Zvisinei, hazvigone kutaurwa kuti haina zvayakaipira. Izvi zvakashata zvinosanganisira:
- Zvakaoma nekuchinjika kwemutyairi kuenda kunzvimbo yekutarisa uye kusatarisika kwemaitiro erobhoti mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma emugwagwa.
- Kusanzwisisika kutyaira kweguta (kutanga kwakangoerekana kwaitika, majee uye majee kana uchinja magiya zvinoita kuti mutyairi arambe achinetseka)
- Kupisa kweiyo batira kunogoneka (kuitira kuti usapisa kupisa kwechikwata, zvinodikanwa kuti ubvise iyo "kwazvakarerekera" maitiro pazviteshi, izvo, pachazvo, zvinonetesa).
- "Kufunga kushanda" kana uchisimudza magiya (nenzira, iyo CVT ine imwecheteyo minus). Izvi hazvingogumbure mutyairi chete, asiwo zvinogadzira mamiriro ane njodzi kana uchinge wapfuura.
- Izvo zvisingaiti zvekudhonza, izvo zvakare zvakasikwa musiyano.
- Iko kugona kumonera mota kumashure uchidzikama (izvi hazvigoneke nemusiyano).
Kubva pamusoro, isu tinogumisa kuti robhoti giya bhokisi richiri kure nekunyaradzwa kwemuchina wekushandisa. Kufambira mberi kune zvakanaka zvinhu zvekutapira robhoti:
- Yakaderera mutengo mukuenzanisa neiyo otomatiki muchina kana variator.
- Hupfumi mafuta anodyiwa (pano ma mechanics akatoderera, asi iyo variator iri nani mune izvi: kumeso uye kusatsika-kusuduruka kunochengetedza mafuta akawanda).
- Rigid kubatana kweinjini nemavhiri ekutyaira, nekuda kwekuti zvinokwanisika kutora mota kubva muchikwere kana kupwanya neinjini uchishandisa gasi.
Robhoti rine mbiri dzakabatana
Nekuda kwekukanganisa kwakawanda kuri mubhokisi remagetsi robhoti, vagadziri vakasarudza kuenda kumberi uye vachiri kushandisa zano rekugadzira giya rinosanganisa zvese zvakanakira muchina wekugadzira nemakanika.
Aya ndiwo maberekero akaitwa maviri-clutch robhoti naVolkswagen. Akagamuchira zita rekuti DSG (Direct Shift Gearbox), iro rakashandurwa kubva kuChirungu zvichireva kuti "gearbox rine synchronized shift". Preselective transmission rimwe zita rechizvarwa chechipiri chemarobhoti.
Bhokisi iri rakagadzirwa nemaviri clutch discs: imwe inosanganisira kunyange magiya, imwe - isinganzwisisike. Mapurogiramu ese ari maviri anogara aripo. Ipo mota ichifamba, imwe batira disc inogara yakagadzirira uye imwe iri yakavharika mamiriro. Chekutanga chinoita kufambiswa kwayo pachangopera yechipiri kubviswa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, giya shanduko dzinenge dzingangoita ipapo, uye mashandiro mashandiro akafanana neayo emusiyano.
Iyo mbiri clutch bhokisi ine zvinotevera hunhu:
- inodhura kupfuura muchina;
- kunyatso kusununguka pane iri nyore robhoti bhokisi;
- inofambisa yakawanda torque kupfuura variator;
- inopa kubatana kwakaomarara pakati pemavhiri neinjini semakanika.
Kune rimwe divi, mutengo webhokisi iri unenge wakakwira kupfuura mutengo wevanomakanika, uye mashandisiro acho akakwirira kupfuura eirobhoti. Kubva pakuona kwekunyaradza, iyo CVT uye otomatiki ichiri kuhwina.
Dzokorora
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pesiyari nerobhoti, uye nderipi remabhokisi aya richiri nani? Musiyano uri mhando otomatiki hutachiwana, uye robhoti zvakadaro zvakadaro pedyo makanika. Zviri pachikonzero ichi kuti zvakakodzera kusarudza mukufarira rimwe giya.
Kufambisa kwekufarira kazhinji kunouya kubva kumutyairi iye uye zvinoenderana nezvaanoda pamotokari, pamwe nemabatiro ake ekutyaira. Uri kutsvaga mamiriro akasununguka ekutyaira? Wobva wasarudza variator. Iwe unokoshesa kuvimbika uye kugona kukwira munzira dzakaoma dzemumugwagwa? Sarudzo yako irobhoti.
Kusarudza mota, mutyairi anofanira pachezvake "kuyedza" ese ari maviri mabhokisi. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti zvese zviri zviviri robhoti uye iyo variator ine zvadzo zvadzo zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Chinangwa icho chakarongerwa kushandisa mota chinobatsirawo kuona sarudzo. Mune runyararo runyararo rweguta, musiyano unenge wakasarudzika kune robhoti iyo isingango "pona" mumigwagwa isingaperi yemigwagwa. Kunze kweguta, mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma emugwagwa, kana uchityaira nekumhanya kwakanyanya kana kana uchityaira mitambo, robhoti rinodiwa.
Mibvunzo nemhinduro:
Chii chiri nani CVT kana classic otomatiki? Izvi ndezvemunhu amateur. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti iyo vhezheni inopa yakatsetseka, isina nhanho giya shanduko (chaizvo, mune imwe chete kumhanya mairi, asi giya reshiyo inoshanduka zvakanaka), uye muchina unoshanda mune yakatsika modhi.
Chii chakashata nemusiyano pamotokari? Bhokisi rakadaro harishiviriri torque yakakwirira, pamwe chete nemutoro unopinza uye unorema. Huremu hwemuchina zvakare hwakakosha zvikuru - iyo yakakwirira, iyo yakakura mutoro.
Nzira yekuziva kuti variator kana otomatiki yakakosha sei? Kuti uite izvi, zvakakwana kutyaira motokari. Iyo vhezheni ichasimudza kumhanya zvakanaka, uye kuvhunduka kwechiedza kunonzwika mumushini. Kana muchina wacho wakanganisa, shanduko pakati pekumhanya ichave yakasiyana.
