Zvinhu zvishanu zvichatapudza hupenyu hweinjini
Injini dzemazuva ano dzinogadzirwa nechinangwa chekuzadzisa hupfumi hwakawanda uye, ihwo, nekudzora mweya unokuvadza. Panguva imwecheteyo, hunhu hwevatengi hauwanzo kutarisirwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuvimbika uye hupenyu hwehupenyu hweinjini hwaderedzwa. Paunenge uchitenga mota nyowani, unofanirwa kufunga izvo zvinotariswa nemugadziri. Heino ipfupi runyorwa rwezvinhu zvinoderedza hupenyu hwemuchina.
1 Kushanda mukamuri vhoriyamu
Nhanho yekutanga ndeyekuderedza huwandu hwesirinda inoshanda makamuri. Aya majini enjini akagadzirirwa kudzikisa huwandu hwehutsi hunokuvadza. Kusangana nezvinodiwa nemutyairi wemazuvano, panodiwa simba rakati (aya mazana emakore apfuura vanhu vaive vakasununguka nengoro). Asi nemasirinda madiki, simba rinogona kuwanikwa nekuwedzera compression ratio.
Kuwedzera kweparamende iyi kune mhedzisiro yakaipa pane zvikamu zveiyo humburumbira-pisitoni boka. Uye zvakare, hazvigoneke kuwedzera ichi chiratidzo nekusingaperi. Peturu ine yayo octane nhamba. Kana yakadzvanywa yakawandisa, iwo mafuta anogona kuputika pamberi penguva. Nekuwedzera kweiyo compression ratio, kunyangwe nechetatu, mutoro pazvinhu zvemota zvinowanda. Nechikonzero ichi, akanakisa sarudzo - 4-humburumbira injini ine huwandu hwe1,6 litres.
2 Pfupi pfuti
Pfungwa yechipiri ndeye kushandiswa kwepfupi mapistoni. Vagadziri vari kutora danho iri kurerutsa (kanenge zvishoma) simba remagetsi. Uye mhinduro iyi inopa kuwedzera kugadzirwa uye kugona. Nekuderera kwemupendero wepistoni uye kureba kwetambo yekubatanidza, iwo masilinda madziro anowana kumwe kushushikana. Muinjini dzinotsva-dzika-mukati dzemukati, pisitoni yakadaro inowanzo paradza wedge yemafuta uye inoshatisa girazi re humburumbira. Nomuzvarirwo, izvi zvinotungamira pakupera uye kubvaruka.
3 Turbine
Panzvimbo yechitatu ndiko kushandiswa kweinjini turbocharged ine vhoriyamu diki. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa turbocharger, iyo impeller iyo inotenderera kubva kune yakabudiswa simba remhepo inopedza gasi. Ichi chishandiso chinowanzo kupisa kusvika kusingadaviriki 1000 madhigirii. Kukura kweinjini kusimuka, ndipo panowedzera kupera simba.
Kazhinji kazhinji, inokundikana kweanosvika zviuru zana zvemakiromita. Iyo turbine inodawo lubrication. Uye kana mutyairi asiri mutsika yekutarisa huwandu hwemafuta, ipapo injini inogona kuwana nzara yemafuta. Chii ichi chakazara, zviri nyore kufungidzira.
4 Inzira injini
Uyezve, zvinokosha kuziva kuregeredza injini kudziyisa munguva yechando. Muchokwadi, injini dzemazuva ano dzinogona kutanga pasina kupisa. Ivo vakapakata hunyanzvi mafuta masisitimu ayo anodzikamisa kutonhora injini kuita. Nekudaro, pane chimwezve chinhu chisingakwanise kugadziriswa neese masisitimu - mafuta anoremerwa muchando.
Nechikonzero ichi, mushure mekumira muchando, zvinonyanya kuomera pombi yemafuta yekupomba mafuta muzvinhu zvese zveinjini yekutsva yemukati. Kana iwe ukaisa mutoro wakakomba pairi pasina girisi, zvimwe zvezvikamu zvaro zvinodzikira nekukurumidza. Nehurombo, hupfumi hwakanyanya kukosha, ndosaka ma automaker asina hanya nekudiwa kwekudziisa injini. Mhedzisiro yacho kuderedzwa kwehupenyu hwekushanda hweboka revapiston.
5 «Kutanga / Kumira»
Chinhu chechishanu chinozopfupisa hupenyu hweinjini kutanga / kumira system. Yakagadzirwa nemaGerman ma automaker kuti "avhare" injini isina basa. Kana injini ichimhanya mumotokari yakamira (semuenzaniso, parobhoti kana nzira yekuyambuka njanji), mweya unokuvadza unonyanya kuiswa mune imwe meta. Neichi chikonzero, utsi hunowanzoumbwa mumaguta makuru. Iyo pfungwa, hongu, inotamba mukufarira hupfumi.
Dambudziko, zvisinei, nderekuti injini ine yayo yekutanga kutenderera hupenyu. Pasina kutanga/kumisa basa, ichaita avhareji yenguva 50 mumakore gumi ebasa, uye nayo ingangoita 000 miriyoni. Kazhinji injini inotangwa, zvikamu zvinokwenya zvinokurumidza kupera.
