Kushanda musimboti uye kushanda musimboti weAudi Quattro

Iyo yakakurumbira 4X4 Quattro muchina ... Ndiani asingazive zita iri, rakakurumbira pakati pevanoda mota dzakanaka? Nekudaro, kana iri zita rave kuda kuita ngano, iwe unofanirwa kunyatso tarisa pane zvarinosanganisira, nekuti pane dzimwe nguva pane musiyano wakanaka pakati peQuattro neQuattro!

Saka tichaona akasiyana maQuattro masisitimu aripo pamotokari dzeVolkswagen Group, nekuti hongu, mamwe maVolkswagen anobatsirwawo nawo. Nekudaro, pane matatu makuru masystem: imwe yekumberi longitudinal injini, imwe yekumashure marefu enginjini (kashoma, R8, Gallardo, Huracan…) uye yekupedzisira kune yakajairika mota (inopindirana injini).

Mashandiro akaita mhando dzakasiyana dzeQuattro

Iye zvino ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kuvakwa uye mashandiro emhando dzakasiyana dzeQuattro.

Quattro TORSEN yeiyo longitudinal injini (1987-2010)

A6 ine longitudinal mota

Torsen inoganhurisa musiyano wekumhanyisa pakati pemakosi maviri (kana ichiganhurirwa ku70% saka tinogona kugovera torque ye30% / 70% kana 70% / 30%).

kutengeserana: kungoita / kusingaperi

Kuparadzirwa vaviri Avant / shure : 50% - 50%

(ine traction yakaenzana pakati pemberi nekasi axle)

Kusiyanisa inzwi : kubva ku33% / 67% (kana saka 67% / 33%) kusvika 20% / 80% (kana 80% / 20%) zvinoenderana neshanduro yeTorsen (zvinoenderana nechimiro chemeno nemagiya akadzidziswa naTorsen)

Dambudziko: Deredza kutsvedza pakati pepamberi neshure kuitira kuti ugone kubuda munzvimbo dzinotsvedza.

Hechino chidiki chemukati weTorsen, mashandiro ayo anotadzisa rimwe remativi maviri kutendeuka pasina kufambisa rimwe, kusiyana nemusiyano wakajairika. Pano, mota inotenderera imba yese yekusiyanisa (yakakwenenzverwa mu grey), iyo ine miseve miviri (kumberi nekumashure mavhiri) akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe nemagiya kudzora musiyano wekumhanyisa pakati pavo (inozivikanwa inozivikanwa slip.

Uku kuchinjisa chinogara izvo izvo zvinofambisa iyo torque pane maekisheni

kumberi uye kumashure kugadzikana

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Iyo torque inotanga kubva kuinjini, inoendeswa kubhokisi, uyezve zvese zvinoenda kune yekutanga Torsen limited slip kusiyanisa (TorSep nokuti Torkuti Senimba). Kubva pamusiyano uyu tinodzokera nekudzoka mu50/50 kupatsanurwa. Izvo hazvigoneke kutsemura zvachose kumashure kana kumberi ekisero pano, mavhiri mana anogara achigamuchira torque, kunyangwe idiki diki. Musiyano weTorsen uchave (ini handigone kusimbisa panguva ino) zvakasiyana zvishoma nemutsara wemhando yepamusoro maSUV (zvishoma akakodzera kuyambuka): Touareg, Q7, Cayenne.

Ose kumberi nekumashure maekisero ane musiyano wakasarudzika (hapana slip muganho) unogovera torque pakati pemavhiri ekuruboshwe nekurudyi. Asi pane zvimwe zvishoma zvakapfuura shanduro dzeQuattro dzakagadzirirwa shanduro dzemitambo.

Chekupedzisira, torque vectoring inogona chete kuiswa pano neESP ichitamba pamabhureki, saka haina kunyanya kugadzirwa kupfuura torque vectoring yeQuattro Sport yekumashure kusiyanisa.

Quattro CROWN GEAR (pinion / flat giya) yeiyo longitudinal mota (2010 -…)

Q7 ine longitudinal mota

Iyi vhezheni (kubvira 2010) inoshandisa imwe mhando yekuchinjisa kesi. Izvi zvinobvumidza hunyanzvi hwemotokari kuenzanisirwa. asymmetric pakati pemakisi akasiyana nekuda kwekuvharwa kwakanyanya kana kushomeka kweiyo viscous clutch.

Chero zvazvingaitika, uku kufambiswa kwechigarire kunogara kuchiparadzira torque kumberi nekumashure (kunyangwe hazvo module yedhizaini inogona kuchinjwa pakati pemakona zvichienderana nechavhara, asi panogara paine vaviri vanozoitika pane imwe neimwe ivo) ...

kutengeserana: kungoita / kusingaperi

Kuparadzirwa vaviri Avant / shure : 60% - 40%

(ine traction yakaenzana pakati pemberi nekasi axle)

Kusiyanisa inzwi : kubva pa15% / 85% kusvika 70% / 30% zvichienderana nemusiyano pakubata pakati pemashure epamberi neshure. Iyo isymmetrical, sezvaungaona kubva padanho rekugona kugoverwa pakati kumberi nekumashure.

Dambudziko: kutamba nerudo nevatengi veBMW nekutsanangura kuti vanogona

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85% simba kumashure (muBMW taigara tiri 100%)

Bhero (pekugara) yemusiyano (denderedzwa dema rakakomberedza zvese) rakabatana nepakati ekisero yakashongedzwa nemagiya epuraneti ("madiki grey mapuratifomu" ayo anobatanidza miseve yepamberi neshure, nekudaro inotungamira kumberi nekumashure maasi.

Iyo shaft yegirini inotungamira kune yekumashure axle inogona kusunganidzwa kune bhero kuburikidza nemazhinji-ndiro maputi anoonekwa munzvimbo yeorenji. Iyi ndiyo viscometer (iyo inobvumidza iwe kuti uve nekuganhurirwa kutedzemuka, kana zvisina kudaro musiyano wekutanga usingadzivise kutsvedza): kubatana pakati pegirinhi negrey clutches kunoitika kana paine mutsauko mukumhanya (iyi ndiyo nheyo yeviscous clutch, mafuta ari mukabhini anowedzera kana achipisa, izvo zvinobvumira maclutches kuti abatanidze pamwechete nekuti iyo silicone inowedzera kana ichipisa, uye musiyano wekumhanya pakati pemaclutches unokonzera kubvongodza kunopisa mafuta esilicone). Izvi zvinokonzeresa bhero rekusiyanisa kuti varoorane kune yekumashure axle shaft kana paine musiyano mukumhanya pakati pezviviri izvi.

Kugovaniswa kwekutanga kuri makumi matanhatu (kumashure) / 60 (kumberi) nekuti maekisero epakati (epepuru) haabate marimu (bhuruu uye girini) munzvimbo imwechete (mukati mukati mebhuruu = 40). % kana zvimwe zvekunze zvegirini = 40%). Iyo torque yakasiyana neyakavakirwa nekuti kune imwe yakasarudzika mhedzisiro.

Simba rese rinopfuura nepakati pebhuru nhema iyo inoyambuka pamusoro pebhuruu shaft (inotungamira kumberi ekisero). Izvi zvinotenderera ekisero yakabatana neyekusiyanisa dzimba, uye nekudaro iwo magiya ezuva. Aya magiya ezuva akabatana neakatsiga magiya (bhuruu uye girini "mawhewheel").

Kana iko kumhanya pakati peshure shaft uye kusiyanisa dzimba kuchikora, silicone: izvo zvinobatanidzwa zvakanamirwa kune mumwe nemumwe, uye semhedzisiro, shaft yemota inozobatana yakanangana neseri rekumashure (kuburikidza nebhero rakabatana neinjini, asi ichataura zvakare kune yekumberi ekisero kana viscous coupling ichibata Muchiitiko ichi, isu tine 85% kune yekumberi ekisero uye 15% kune yekumberi ekisero (mamiriro = kurasikirwa kwetraining pane yekumberi ekisero).

Dzidziso pamusoro uye tsika pazasi.

Differential Crown Gear - Audi Emotion Club AUDIClopedia

Quattro Ultra (2016 - ...)

kutengeserana: kushingaira / kusingagumi

Kuparadzirwa vaviri Avant / shure : 100% - 0%

(ine traction yakaenzana pakati pemberi nekasi axle)

Kusiyanisa inzwi : kubva 100% / 0% kusvika 50% / 50%

Target; Govera ese-vhiri dhiraivha iyo inoganhurira mashandisiro kusvika kune yakanyanya, kunyangwe kana zvichireva kupa chibayiro kune vanokudzwa vezvakaitika zvigadzirwa.

Traction mode, kazhinji yenguva (senge Haldex), chinangwa chikuru ndechekuderedza kushandiswa uye, kunyanya kukosha, kuve isina mhosva mune chero nzvimbo.

Iyi vhezheni ndiyo ichangoburwa panguva yekunyora uku, isu tiri kutaura nezve kutsiva iro Gunguwo vhiri nechinhu chisingabatike. Iyo yekupedzisira inogona kunyatso dhonza iyo yekumashure shaft kuti ikwanise kuchinjira kune inokatyamadza kushanda, uye nekudaro haisisiri yekusingaperi hutepfenyuro ... Saka iyo sisitimu yakafanana neHaldex, asi Audi iri kuita zvese kuita kuti tifunge nezvayo se zvishoma sezvinobvira. zvakanyanya sezvinobvira (mucherechedzo uyo unonyatsoziva nezveHaldex yakanyanya kuderera mukurumbira uchienzaniswa naTorsen neCrown Gear). Iko kune zvakare maviri makonji kune ese mativi eashure ekisero kuti ubvise iyo yepakati shaft, sekuitenderedza iyo (kunyangwe mune yekuvhara) inoda simba. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti Torsen / Crown Gear inozvishingisa uye yakasimba, asi iyi sisitimu inoda kudzorwa nekombuta yakabatana neakawanda maseru. Naizvozvo, inogona kunge isingavimbike, asi zvakare isingagumi sezvo ma disc anogona kupisa (inongogumira kune 500 Nm yetoriki, kusiyana neiyo Quattro yechinyakare neTorsen).

Ichi chishandiso chiri padhuze padhuze nePorsche system inowanika paMacan, kunyangwe mabrands achiita zvese kuti asvibise mvura uye voita sekuti havana chakafanana (muchokwadi ichi hachisi chokwadi, izvo zvinhu zvezvinhu zvakawanda zvakafanana, uye kazhinji kunyangwe ZF. iyo inogadzira zvese) ... Zvakare, ingangoita iwo musimboti, kunze kwekunge musiyano wePorsche unobvumidza kushandiswa kwe traction kana traction (traction chete kana 4X4 paQuattro Ultra ine switchable yakawanda-disc musiyano) .

Munzira yayo yekushanda, tinogona kuti ichi ndicho chakazara chinopesana neXDrive, sezvo BMW chishandiso ichienderera ichibatanidza injini nekumashure uye, kana zvichidikanwa, inonamira ekisero yekumberi kutapurirana. Pano pamberi ekisero inogara yakabatana uye, kana zvichidikanwa, ekisero yekumashure yakabatana necheni yekufambisa uye inotora 50% yetoriki.

Kana kurasikirwa kwekudonha kukaonekwa pane yekumashure axle, yekumashure ekisero shaft yakabatana necheni yekufambisa.

Heino yakakurumbira switchable "differential" (tsvuku - clutch)? Nehurombo, inogumira ku500 Nm ye torque, iyo inoratidza kudhonza kwayo kushoma kana ichienzaniswa neyakanaka yekare Quattro ine Torsen.

2018 Audi Q5 quattro Ultra SHANDA IYE ITSVA CENTRAL LOCK - Audi [Old Torsen] DIFFERENTIAL AWD

Quattro yemotokari inopfuura

Q3 inopfuura mota

kutengeserana: kushingaira / kusingagumi

Kuparadzirwa vaviri Avant / shure : 100% - 0%(ine traction yakaenzana pakati pemberi nekasi axle)

Kusiyanisa inzwi : kubva 100% / 0% kusvika 50% / 50%

Chinangwa: Kugona kupa mana-mavhiri ekutyaira pane zvidiki mota zveboka nekutenda kumidziyo inogadzira Haldex / Borgwarner.

Heino Audi TT, asi yakafanana kune wese munhu.

Haldex 5. Generation - Mashandiro ayo

Zvese zvinhu zvakanyatsosiyana pano, nekuti isu tiri kubata neakasiyana zvachose mavakirwo. Iyo nzira inopindirana inokwenenzvera inowanika nzvimbo mumotokari kukuvadza bhalansi yemotokari (tichiyeuka kuti pano isu tiri kukanganwa nezve mabhuru makuru uye makuru, makuru kwazvo kufambisa!).

Muchidimbu, zvese, sekugara, zvinotanga neyemukati injini injini / giya. Pakubuditsa, isu tine musiyano uyo unotenderera zvizere uye unotyaira wepakati mugodhi wekutapurirana kuburikidza negiya rinoratidzwa mumufananidzo wepepuru. Nekudaro, yemukati yemusiyano wepamberi wakapatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvevhiri reruboshwe nekurudyi.

Pakuguma kwekutakura shaft inobatanidza kumberi neshure ndiyo yakakurumbira Haldex, inokakavadzana kune vanoziva. Chokwadi, munhu wese (kana pane vanhu vanofarira mota) vanoziva iyo Haldex / Torsen murwi mushe ...

Muchokwadi, Torsen naHaldex havana hanya kuti imwe idiki-inotsvedza musiyano uye imwe ndeyemagetsi actuated multi-plate clutch system (hydroelectric), iyo saka inoedza kuita basa rekusiyanisa.

Mukugadzirisa uku, mota haigoni kuwana inopfuura 50% yetoriki iri kumashure ekisero uye izvi zviri nyore kunzwisisa nekutarisa pamufananidzo uri pamusoro.

Uye zvakare, iro basa rinonyanya kuitirwa mu traction modhi, uye neshure inogona kuvharwa zvachose isina kugamuchira chero torque: Haldex yakabviswa uye hapasisina kutaurirana pakati penzvimbo shaft uye yekumashure kusiyanisa.

Haldex / Torsen mutsauko?

Misiyano pakati pavo inokosha. Torsen mutsauko unoshanda unoshanda nemakanika uye wakazvimirira. Iyo inopa inogara torque pama axles ese (torque inosiyana asi simba rinogara richiendeswa kune ese mavhiri). Haldex inoda komputa uye actuators kuti ishande, uye basa rayo guru nderekuita mukupindura.

Ipo iyo Torsen iri kumhanya nguva dzese, Haldex inomirira kurasikirwa kwekudonha usati waita, zvichikonzera shoma nguva yekuzorora iyo inoderedza kushanda kwayo.

Uye zvakare, kusiyana neTorsen, ino sisitimu inopisa nekukasira nekuda kwekukweshera kwemadhisiki: saka, mune dzidziso, haina kusimba.

Quattro Sport / Vector mifananidzo / Torque vector

Dambudziko: Kuvandudza mashandiro emota uye kudzikisira understeer yepasi inokonzerwa neAudi (iyo injini iri kure kwazvo kumberi).

Pano pane musiyano weTorsen kana Crown Gear pano.

Iyo Quattro Sport ine yakawanda yakanatswa mitambo musiyano kumashure. Chokwadi, iyo yekupedzisira inotibvumidza isu kuti titaure yakakurumbira vector vaviri (iyo yatinowanzoziva muChirungu: Torque Vectoring. Dzvanya apa kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve oparesheni).

Iyo yekupedzisira ine akawanda-mahwendefa akabata uye mapuraneti magiya akarongedzwa mukutenderera.

Dzvanya apa kuti uwane zvimwe

Quattro shanduko: synthesis

Yakareba Quattro shanduko: en bref

Kunze kwemotokari dzinofamba kana dzekumashure, iyo Quattro system yava muchizvarwa chechitanhatu. Naizvozvo, inoitwa mukumutsiridza ese mavhiri emotokari nerubatsiro rwekutapurirana masimbi uye akawanda akasiyana.

Chizvarwa chekutanga chakaonekwa pakutanga kwema80s (chaizvo makumi masere nemasere), chakave nematanho matatu: imwe kumberi kwepamberi, maviri pakati nepashure, anogona kukiyiwa (pasina kutsvedza kana kuenzanisira, yakavharwa).

Izvi zvaive muchizvarwa chechipiri, apo musiyano wepakati wakaverengerwa neTorsen, musiyano wakasarudzika uye hausisiri iwo wega musiyano wekukiya. Izvi zvinobva zvabvumira iro kumberi / kumashure simba kuti rienzaniswe pakati pe25% / 75% kana zvinopesana (75% / 25%) pachinzvimbo chekuvharira 50/50 sekuchizvarwa chekutanga.

Ipapo Torsen akakokwawo kune yekumashure ekisero kubva kuchizvarwa chechitatu, achiziva kuti iyo yekupedzisira yakangoshandiswa chete pa8 Audi V1988 (iri ramangwana A8, asi harisati rawana zita parizvino).

Chizvarwa chechina chinodhura zvakanyanya (kwete kungoisa mamota epamusoro senge Audi V8) ine musiyano wekare kumashure (unogona kuvharwa nemagetsi, nekudaro mabhureki kuburikidza neESP).

Sisitimu saka yakachinja, ichichengetedza huzivi hwakafanana nanhasi nekuvandudza kugona kwepakati kweTorsen kugara ichisiyanisa torque inopfuudzwa pakati pemberi nemashure maasi (ikozvino kusvika 85% zvemagetsi pane ekisero uye kunyangwe 100% nekuda kweESP inoshanda pamabhureki. zvichiita kuti zvinyanye kunakidza kushandisa sisitimu sezvazvingaite negadziriro yemagetsi yakachena).

Zvino kwakauya musiyano wemitambo (wakaiswa paekisero, hausi wekumberi / wekumashure kusiyanisa, asi wekuruboshwe / kurudyi) pane yakasarudzika kumashure ekisero kana pane dzimwe mota dzemitambo (S5, nezvimwewo). Iyi yakakurumbira torque vectoring tekinoroji iyo inozivikanwa kwazvo pakati pevose vanogadzira premium, haina kungoenderana chete neQuattro.

Ipapo kwakauya Quattro Ultra (isu tinogara tichitaura nezvemota dzakagadzirwa kwenguva refu), yakagadzirirwa kudzikisa kushandiswa kwemafuta. Hapanazve kutapurirana kusingaperi, inogona kupatsanurwa zvachose (axle yekumashure zviri pachena) kuchengetedza simba.

Saka, kana tikazvipeta (tichiziva kuti kuiswa kwemazuva hakusi kugara kuri pachena, nekuti nguva yacho inogona kusanganisira mota dzine mazera akati wandei eQuattro. Muenzaniso: muna 1995, Audi yakatengeswa neQuattro 2, 3 kana 4 ...) :

• Chizvarwa chekutanga Quattro: 1 - 1981
• Quattro 2nd chizvarwa Torsen: 1987 - 1997
• Generation 3 Torsen Quattro: 1988 - 1994 (chete paA8 tateguru: Audi V8)
• Quattro 4nd chizvarwa Torsen: 1994 - 2005
• Quattro 5nd chizvarwa Torsen: 2005 - 2010
• Quattro 6th chizvarwa Crown Gear: kubvira 2011
• Quattro chizvarwa 7 Ultra (yakafanana nechizvarwa 6): kubva 2016

Evolution du Quattro Kupindirana: en bref

Iyo Audi / Volkswagen boka rinotengesawo dzakawanda dzinozivikanwa mota dzinoyambuka-injini (A3, TT, Gorofu, Tiguan, Touran, nezvimwewo), kune aya mamodheru zvaidikanwa kupa mana-mavhiri ekutyaira.

Uye apa ndipo apo Quattro iri kupihwa Volkswagen, Seat uye Skoda, nekuti haisisiri iyo chaiyo Quattro iyo inonamata.

Kana chishandiso chacho chaive chinononoka kupindura kutanga kwayo (kumisikidza yeshure ekisero), saka kubvira ipapo yakafambira mberi zvakanyanya nezera rechishanu ranhasi. Nekudaro, zvine musoro zvisina kuomarara uye zvakaenzana kupfuura iyo Quattro yeinjini yekureba yakagadzirirwa mota dzinodhura. Ichi chishandiso chakagadzirwa nevaSweden, kwete neAudi.

Kubatana kwePorsche?

Kunyangwe kana Porsche ikaita nepainogona napo kuidzvanya, Quattro drivetrains yakanyanya chibvumirano, kana isiri chitupa. Kutaura nezveCayenne, tinogona kutaura nezve Quattro. Iyo Macan yakangotsiva iyo yepakati Haldex nehurongwa hwakada kufanana neQuattro Ultra (inobvisika Torsen). Musiyano pano ndewekuti isu tinogona kutumira 100% kumberi kana kumashure, neiyo Quattro yekupedzisira inogumira kushandura mota kuita traction. Iyo yakafanana neiyo sarudzo yeVectoring yekumashure musiyano uye PDK gearbox, iri chaizvo S-Tronic (pamwe inopihwa neZF). Asi shhh, ini ndichatukwa kana izvi zvikabuda ...