Porsche

Zviri mukati Nhoroondo yePorscheVaridzi uye manejimendiKutora chikamu mumijahoModhi renjiPrototypesSerial mitambo modhi (ine maboxer engines)Mitambo prototypes nemota dzemujaho (boxer engines)Mota dzemitambo dzakauya mukugadzirwa, dzakashongedzerwa neinjini ye-in-lineMitambo mota dzakapinda munhevedzano, dzakashongedzerwa neV- injiniCrossovers uye SUVsMibvunzo nemhinduro: Mota dzemugadziri weGerman dzinozivikanwa pasi rese nekuita kwemitambo uye dhizaini yakanaka. Iyo kambani yakavambwa naFerdinand Porsche. Iye zvino mahofisi makuru ari muGermany, St. Stuttgart. Zvinoenderana nedata re2010, mota dzeiyi automaker dzakatora chinzvimbo chepamusoro pakati pemota dzese pasirese maererano nekuvimbika. Iyo mota mhando inobatikana mukugadzira mota dzemitambo dzemhando yepamusoro, sedans dzakanaka uye maSUV. Iyo kambani iri kushingaira kusimudzira mumunda wemujaho wemotokari. Izvi zvinobvumira mainjiniya ayo kukudziridza masisitimu matsva, mazhinji ayo anowana mashandisirwo mumhando dzevanhu. Kubva iyo yekutanga modhi, mota dzemhando dzakasiyaniswa nemhando dzadzo dzakanaka, uye maererano nekunyaradza, dzinoshandisa matekinoroji ekucheka anoita kuti mota dzive nyore pakufamba uye nzendo dzine simba. Nhoroondo yePorsche Asati atanga kugadzirwa kwemota dzake, F. Porsche akabatana nemugadziri Auto Union, iyo yakagadzira Type 22 mota yemujaho. Mota iyi yaive ine 6-cylinder engine. Mugadziri wacho akatorawo chikamu mukugadzirwa kweVW Kafer. Chiitiko chakaunganidzwa chakabatsira muvambi weiyo elite brand kuti atore miganhu yepamusoro muindasitiri yemotokari. Heano maitiro makuru ayo kambani yakapfuura nayo: 1931 - hwaro hwebhizinesi rinotarisa mukusimudzira uye kusikwa kwemotokari. Pakutanga, yaive diki dhizaini studio yakabatana nemakambani aizivikanwa emotokari panguva iyoyo. Pamberi pekugadzwa kwechiratidzo, Ferdinand akashanda kuna Daimler kwemakore anopfuura 15 (akabata chigaro chemukuru wekugadzira uye nhengo yebhodhi). 1937 - Nyika yaida mota yemitambo inoshanda uye yakavimbika yaigona kupinzwa muEuropean Marathon kubva kuBerlin kuenda kuRoma. Chiitiko chacho chakarongerwa 1939. Dare reNational Sports Committee rakapiwa chirongwa cheFerdinand Porsche Sr., icho chakabvumirwa pakarepo. 1939 - muenzaniso wekutanga unoonekwa, unozove hwaro hwemota zhinji dzinotevera. 1940-1945. kugadzirwa kwemotokari kwakaoma nechando nekuda kwekutanga kweHondo Yenyika II. Iyo Porsche chirimwa ichagadziridzwa patsva yekuvandudza uye kugadzirwa kweamphibians, midziyo yemauto uye kunze-nzira mota dzevamiriri vedzimbahwe. 1945 - mukuru wekambani anoenda kujeri nekuda kwemhosva dzehondo (achibatsira nenzira yekugadzirwa kwezvombo zvehondo, semuenzaniso, iyo super-heavy tank Mouse uye Tiger R). Tsvimbo dzesimba dzinotorwa nemwanakomana waFerdinand, Ferry Anton Ernst. Anosarudza kugadzira mota dzemagadzirirwo ake. Yekutanga yekutanga modhi yaive ye356. Akagamuchira base injini uye muviri wealuminium. 1948 - Ferry Porsche inogamuchira chitupa chekugadzira serial che356. Motokari yakagamuchira seti yakakwana kubva kuKafer, iyo yaisanganisira mhepo-yakatonhorera 4-cylinder injini, kumiswa uye kutapurirana. 1950 - Iyo kambani inodzokera kuStuttgart. Kutanga gore rino, mota dzakamira kushandisa aluminiyamu kugadzira nhengo dzemuviri. Nepo izvi zvakaita kuti mota dziti remei, dzaive dzakachengeteka zvakanyanya. 1951 - muvambi wechiratidzo anofa nekuda kwekuti hutano hwake hwakaipa panguva yekugara kwake mujeri (akapedza anenge makore maviri ikoko). Kusvikira pakutanga kwe60s, kambani yakawedzera kugadzirwa kwemotokari nemhando dzakasiyana dzemitumbi. Zvakare, budiriro dziri kuitika kugadzira injini dzine simba. Saka, muna 1954, motokari dzine injini dzinopisa dzomukati dzakatoonekwa, iyo yaiva nehuwandu hwe 1,1 litita, uye simba ravo rakasvika 40 hp. Panguva ino, mhando itsva dzemitumbi dzinoonekwa, semuenzaniso, hardtop (verenga nezve maficha emitumbi yakadaro mune imwe wongororo) uye roadster (verenga zvakawanda nezve rudzi urwu rwemuviri pano). Injini kubva kuVolkswagen zvishoma nezvishoma inobviswa kubva pakugadziriswa, uye iwo ega analogues ari kuiswa. Pane iyo 356A modhi, zvave kutogoneka kuodha masimba emagetsi ane 4 camshafts. Iyo ignition system inogamuchira maviri ekudzimisa makoiri. Mukufanana nekuvandudza mavhezheni emigwagwa yemotokari, mota dzemitambo dziri kugadzirwa, semuenzaniso, iyo 550 Spyder. 1963-76. Mota yekambani yemhuri inotokwanisa kuwana mukurumbira wakanaka. Panguva iyoyo, modhi yakanga yatogamuchira maviri akatevedzana - A uye B. Pakazosvika 60s, mainjiniya vakagadzira mufananidzo wemotokari inotevera - 695. Nezvekuti ndoiburitsa munhevedzano here kana kuti kwete, manejimendi emhando yacho haana kuwirirana. Vamwe vaidavira kuti motokari inomhanya yakanga isati yapedza simba rayo, asi vamwe vaiva nechokwadi chokuti yakanga yava nguva yekuwedzera mutsara. Chero zvazvingava, kutangwa kwekugadzirwa kweimwe motokari nguva dzose kunobatanidza nenjodzi huru - vateereri vangave vasingazvioni, nekuda kwekuti zvichave zvakakosha kutsvaga mari yepurojekiti itsva. 1963 - Pfungwa yePorsche 911 yakaunzwa kune vanofarira mota paFrankfurt Motor Show. Muchidimbu, hutsva hwaiva nezvimwe zvinhu kubva kune zvakatangira - kumashure-injini marongerwo, injini yebhokisi, rear-wheel drive. Zvisinei, motokari yakanga ine zvinyorwa zvepakutanga zvemitambo. Motokari iyi pakutanga yakanga ine injini ye 2,0-litre inokwanisa kukwanisa 130 horsepower. Zvadaro, motokari inova chitendero, uyewo chiso chekambani. 1966 - iyo 911 modhi, inodiwa nevatyairi, inogamuchira kuvandudzwa kwemuviri - Targa (rudzi rwekutendeuka, rwaunogona kuverenga nezvarwo zvakadzama zvakasiyana). Kutanga kwema1970 - kunyanya "charged" shanduko dzinoonekwa - Carrera RS ine 2,7-litre injini uye analogue yayo - RSR. 1968 - Muzukuru wemuvambi wekambani anoshandisa 2/3 yebhajeti regore rekambani kugadzira makumi maviri neshanu emotokari dzemitambo yedhizaini yake - iyo Porsche 25. Chikonzero cheizvi ndechekuti tekinoroji director akasarudza kuti mhando inofanirwa kutora chikamu mu24 Le Mans mota marathon. Izvi zvakakonzera kusatenderwa kwakasimba kubva kumhuri, nekuti kukundikana kwechirongwa ichi kwaizoguma nekuita kuti kambani ishaye. Pasinei nenjodzi huru, Ferdinand Piech anozviona kusvika kumagumo, izvo zvinotungamira kambani mukukunda mujaho rine mukurumbira. Muchikamu chechipiri che60s, imwe modhi yakabudiswa mumutsara. Mubatanidzwa wePorsche-Volkswagen wakashanda pachirongwa ichi. Chokwadi ndechekuti VW yaida mota yemitambo, uye Porshe yaida mhando nyowani yaizova mutsivi we911, asi iyo yakachipa shanduro ine injini kubva ku356. 1969 - kugadzirwa kweiyo yakabatana yekugadzira modhi Volkswagen-Porsche 914 inotanga. Mumotokari, mota yaive yave kuseri kwemutsara wezvigaro zvemberi kune ekisero yekumashure. Mutumbi wakanga watofarirwa nevakawanda veTarga, uye chikwata chemagetsi chaiva che4 kana 6 cylinders. Pamusana pehutano husina kunaka hwekutengesa, pamwe chete nechitarisiko chisina kujairika, muenzaniso hauna kugamuchira mhinduro yakadaro inotarisirwa. 1972 - Iyo kambani inoshandura chimiro chayo kubva kubhizinesi remhuri kuenda kune yeruzhinji. Zvino akagamuchira chivakashure AG pachinzvimbo cheKG. Kunyange zvazvo mhuri yePorsche yakarasikirwa nekutonga kwakazara kwekambani, yakawanda yeguta guru rakanga richiri mumaoko aFerdinand Jr. Vamwe vese vakave veVW kunetsekana. Iyo kambani yaitungamirirwa nemushandi wedhipatimendi rekuvandudza injini - Ernst Furman. Sarudzo yake yekutanga yaive yekutanga kugadzira 928 ine 8-cylinder injini iri kumberi. Motokari yakatsiva yakakurumbira 911. Kusvikira pakusimuka kubva pachinzvimbo cheMukuru mukuru mu80s, mutsara wemota yakakurumbira hauna kukura. 1976 - pasi pehodhi yemotokari yePorsche ikozvino pakanga pane masimba emagetsi kubva kune shamwari - VW. Muenzaniso wemhando dzakadaro ndeye 924th, 928th uye 912th. Iyo kambani inotarisa pakuvandudzwa kwemotokari idzi. 1981 - Furman anobviswa pachigaro che CEO, uye maneja Peter Schutz anogadzwa munzvimbo yake. Munguva yehutongi hwake, iyo 911 inodzokera kune iyo isingataurwe chimiro semuenzaniso weiyo brand. Anogamuchira akati wandei ekunze uye tekinoroji zvigadziriso, izvo zvinoratidzwa mumakaki eakateedzana. Saka, pane kuchinjwa kweCarrera nemotokari, iyo simba rinosvika 231 hp, Turbo uye Carrera Clubsport. 1981-88 rally modhi 959 inogadzirwa. Yakanga iri inyanzvi chaiyo yeinjiniya: 6-litre 2,8-cylinder injini ine maturbocharger maviri yakagadzira simba re450hp, mana-vhiri dhiraivha, inogadziriswa inomira ine mana anobvongodza pavhiri (yaigona kushandura kubviswa kwemotokari), Kevlar. muviri. Mumakwikwi eParis-Dakkar muna 1986, mota yakaunza nzvimbo mbiri dzekutanga mukumira kwese. 1989-98 makiyi ekugadziriswa kweiyo 911 akatevedzana, pamwe nepamberi-injini yemitambo mota, inobuda mukugadzirwa. Mota nyowani dzinoonekwa - Boxter. Iyo kambani iri kupfuura munguva yakaoma, iyo inokanganisa zvakanyanya mamiriro ayo emari. 1993 - mutungamiriri wekambani anochinja zvakare. Iye zvino yava V. Wiedeking. Munguva kubva muna 81 kusvika muna 93, vatungamiri vana vakatsiviwa. Dambudziko repasi rose re90s rakasiya mucherechedzo pakugadzirwa kwemota dzeiyo yakakurumbira German brand. Kusvika 96, mhando inogadziridza mamodheru azvino, injini dzinosimudzira, kuvandudza kumiswa uye kushandura dhizaini yemuviri (asi pasina kubva kune yakasarudzika kutaridzika kwePorsche). 1996 - kugadzirwa kwe "chiso" chitsva chekambani inotanga - muenzaniso 986 Boxter. Iyo itsva yakashandisa boxer mota (yakatarisana), uye mutumbi wakaitwa muchimiro cheroadster. Nemuenzaniso uyu, bhizinesi rekambani rakatanga zvishoma. Motokari yakakurumbira kusvika 2003, apo 955 Cayenne yakaonekwa pamusika. Chigadzirwa chimwe chete hachikwanisi kutsungirira mutoro, saka kambani iri kuvaka mamwe mafekitari akati wandei. 1998 - kugadzirwa kwe "mhepo" kugadziriswa kwe911 kwakavharwa, uye mwanakomana wemuvambi wekambani, Ferry Porsche, anofa. 1998 - iyo yakavandudzwa Carrera (yechina chizvarwa chinoshandurwa) inoonekwa, pamwe nemhando mbiri dzevanoda mota - iyo 4 Turbo neGT966 (yakachinja chidimbu RS) 2002 - PaGeneva Motor Show, mhando inopa utilitarian mitambo yekushandisa mota Cayenne. Nenzira yakawanda, yakafanana neVW Touareg, nokuti kugadzirwa kwemotokari iyi kwakaitwa pamwe chete ne "related" brand (kubvira 1993, nzvimbo yeMukuru weVolkswagen yakagarwa nemuzukuru waFerdinand Porsche, F. ndainwa). 2004 - Iyo pfungwa supercar Carrera GT, iyo yakaratidzwa kuGeneva Motor Show muna 2000, inopinda munhevedzano. Izvo zvitsva zvakagamuchira 10-cylinder V-yakaita injini ye 5,7 malita uye simba guru re 612 hp. mutumbi wemotokari waive wakaitwa nechidimbu chechinhu chakaumbwa, icho chaive chakavakirwa pacarbon fiber. Iyo magetsi emagetsi akabatanidzwa ne6-speed gearbox ine ceramic clutch. Iyo brake system yaive nekabhoni ceramic pads. Kusvikira 2007, maererano nemigumisiro yenhangemutange yeNurburgring, motokari iyi ndiyo yaikurumidza kudarika munyika yose pakati pemamodheru emigwagwa. Rekodhi rekosi yakatyorwa ne50 milliseconds nePagani Zonda F. Kusvika parizvino, kambani iri kuramba ichifadza vanoda zvemitambo kutyaira mumotokari dzemhando yepamusoro nekuburitswa kwemhando nyowani dzine simba, dzakadai se300 horsepower Panamera muna 2010 uye 40 horsepower Cayenne Coupe (2019). Imwe yeakanyanya kugadzira yaive Cayenne Turbo Coupe. Simba rayo rinogadzira simba re550hp. 2019 - Iyo kambani yakabhadhariswa ma535 mamirioni euros nekuda kwekuti iyo mhando yakashandisa injini kubva kuAudi, iyo, zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, isina kusangana nematanho akataurwa. Varidzi uye maneja Kambani yakavambwa nemugadziri weGerman F. Porsche Sr. muna 1931. Pakutanga, yaive kambani yakavharwa yaive yemhuri. Nekuda kwekushandira pamwe kwakasimba neVolkswagen, mhando yakatamira kune chinzvimbo chekambani yeruzhinji, mudiwa wake mukuru aive VW. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1972. Munhoroondo yese yerudzi urwu, mhuri yePorsche yanga ine chikamu cheshumba cheguta guru. Imwe yese yaive yehanzvadzi yayo brand VW. Zvinoenderana nepfungwa yekuti CEO weVW kubvira 1993 ndiye muzukuru wemuvambi wePorsche, Ferdinand Piech. Muna 2009, Piech akasaina chibvumirano chekubatanidza makambani emhuri kuita boka rimwe. Kubva 2012, mhando yanga ichishanda sechikamu chakasiyana cheboka reVAG. Nhoroondo yechiratidzo Munhoroondo yese yemhando yepamusoro, ese mamodheru aipfeka uye achiri kupfeka imwechete logo. Mucherechedzo unoratidza nhovo ine mavara matatu, pakati payo paine silhouette yebhiza rinorera. Iyo yekumashure chikamu (nhoo ine nyanga uye mitsvuku nemitsetse mitema) yakatorwa kubva pajasi remaoko reFree People's State yeWürttemberg, iyo yakagara kusvika 1945. Bhiza rakatorwa kubva mujasi remaoko reguta reStuttgart (raiva guta guru reWürttemberg). Ichi chinhu chaiyeuchidza nezvekwakabva guta - rakavambwa sepurazi hombe remabhiza (muna 950). Chiratidzo chePorsche chakaonekwa muna 1952, apo geography yechiratidzo yakasvika kuUnited States. Kusati kwaiswa zviratidzo zvemakambani, mota dzaingova nePorsche yakanyorwa. Kutora chikamu mujaho Kubva pakutanga prototype yemotokari yemitambo, kambani yakatora chikamu mumakwikwi akasiyana emotokari. Zvimwe zvezvakaitwa nechikwata ichi zvinosanganisira: Kuhwina maawa makumi maviri nemana emujaho weLe Mans (24 nemuviri wealuminium); Mijaho mumigwagwa yeMexico Carrera Panamericana (yakaitwa kwemakore mana kubvira 356); Mujaho wekutsungirira weItaly Mille Miglia, wakaitika mumigwagwa yeruzhinji (kubva muna 4 kusvika 1950); Mujaho mumigwagwa yevoruzhinji muSicily Targo Florio (yakaitwa munguva ya1927-57); 1906-maawa endurance circuit mijaho panharaunda yeyaimbova nhandare yemhepo muguta reSebring muFlorida, USA (yaiitwa gore negore kubvira muna 77); Mijaho panjanji yeGerman Automobile Club muNürburgring, yakaitwa kubvira 12; Mujaho werally muMonte Carlo; Rally Paris-Dakkar. Pakazara, iyo mhando ine 28 zviuru zvekukunda mumakwikwi ese akanyorwa. Lineup Mutsara wekambani unosanganisira dzinotevera mota dzinokosha. Prototypes 1947-48 - Prototype #1 yakavakirwa paVW Kafer. Iyo modhi yakanzi 356. Simba raishandiswa mairi raive remhando yebhokisi. 1988 - iye anotungamira kuPanamera, yaive yakavakirwa pane iyo 922 uye 993 chassis.