Kunzwisisa Fuel Cell Vehicles
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Kunzwisisa Fuel Cell Vehicles

Vagadziri vemotokari dzemagetsi vanowanzo taura kuti mhepo yakaderera kana ichienzaniswa neyechinyakare mukati memoto injini (ICE) mota. Motokari zhinji dzemafuta edzimotokari dzinozvirumbidza nekuburitsa zero, dzichingoburitsa mvura nekudziya chete. Motokari yemafuta ichiri mota yemagetsi (EV) asi inoshandisa hydrogen gasi kusimbisa mota yayo yemagetsi. Motokari idzi dzinoshandisa "sero remafuta" pachinzvimbo chebhatiri, rinosanganisa haidrojeni neokisijeni kugadzira magetsi, izvo zvinozopa injini simba uye zvinongoburitsa magasi emhepo ane ushamwari chete.

Kugadzirwa kwehydrogen inoshandiswa kupisa mota kunokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwegasi regreenhouse painogadzirwa kubva kugasi rechisikigo, asi kushandiswa kwayo mumotokari dzemafuta kunoderedza zvakanyanya kuburitswa kwepombi. Vazhinji vagadziri vemotokari vakaita seHonda, Mercedes-Benz, Hyundai neToyota, inowanzonzi mota yemagetsi yakachena yeramangwana, yatopa mota dzemafuta, uye vamwe vagadziri vari padanho rekufunga. Kusiyana nemota dzemagetsi, dzine mabhatiri akaomarara anomisa mamwe magadzirirwo edziviriro, mota dzemafuta edzimotokari dzine mukana wekutsiva ese emhando dzemugadziri.

Kuti unzwisise zviri nani hydrogen mafuta emotokari, tarisa kuti anoenzanisa sei neakajairika injini dzinopisa, mota dzemagetsi uye mahybrids maererano nekuwedzera uye huwandu, kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kugona.

Refueling uye range

Kunyangwe huwandu hwezviteshi zvekukwirisa mafuta parizvino hushoma, mota dzehydrogen mafuta edzimotokari dzinowedzerwa mafuta nenzira yakafanana kumotokari dzeICE. Hydrogen yekuzadza zviteshi inotengesa yakamanikidzwa hydrogen iyo inopisa mota mumaminetsi. Iyo chaiyo refueling nguva inoenderana nekumanikidzwa kwehydrogen uye ambient tembiricha, asi kazhinji isingasviki maminetsi gumi. Dzimwe mota dzemagetsi dzinotora nguva yakareba kuti dzichajike uye hadziwane huwandu hwakafanana nedzinowanzo mota.

Pakazara, motokari yemotokari yemafuta yakafanana nemotokari yepeturu uye dhiziri, ichiendesa makiromita 200-300 kubva pamutengo wakazara. Kufanana nemotokari dzemagetsi, vanogonawo kudzima sero remafuta kuchengetedza simba pamarobhoti kana mumigwagwa. Mamwe mamodheru anotosanganisira regenerative braking kuti uwanezve simba rakarasika uye kuchengetedza bhatiri kuchaja. Panyaya yemafuta uye huwandu, mota dzemafuta edzimotokari dzinowana nzvimbo inotapira ine mamwe mahybrids, anomhanya nebhatiri uye / kana simba reinjini zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekutyaira. Ivo vanosanganisa akanakisa einjini dzekupisa mukati uye mota dzemagetsi nekukurumidza refueling, yakawedzera huwandu uye nzira dzekuchengetedza simba.

Nehurombo, sekunaka sekuwanda uye kukurumidza kupisa mafuta, huwandu hwezviteshi zvemafuta ehydrogen zvinogumira kumaguta makuru mashoma-kunyanya munzvimbo dzeCalifornia dzeSan Francisco neLos Angeles. Fuel cell kuchaja uye kuwedzera refueling zvivakwa zviri kushanda kuti zvizadzise kudiwa kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, asi ichine zvakawanda zvekuita zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hweEV yekuchaja zviteshi uye, kunyanya, nzvimbo yezviteshi zvemafuta.

Zvemamiriro ekunze

Nedzimotokari dzechinyakare, mota dzemagetsi, uye mota dzemafuta emafuta, kune nhaurirano dzirikuenderera uye kunetsekana pamusoro penguva refu yekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Mota dzine peturu dzinoburitsa huwandu hukuru hwekuburitsa, nepo mota dzemagetsi-mabhatiri dzinogadzira chinooneka tsoka panguva yekugadzira.

Iyo haidrojeni inoshandiswa mumotokari dzemafuta inogadzirwa kubva kugasi rechisikigo. Gasi remusikirwo rinosanganiswa netembiricha yakakwira uye high pressure steam kuita hydrogen. Kuita uku, kunodaidzwa kuti steam-methane reforming, inoburitsa imwe kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, asi kazhinji muhuwandu hudiki kana ichienzaniswa nemagetsi, mahybrid uye fossil mafuta emotokari.

Nekuda kwekuti mota dzemafuta edzimotokari dzinonyanya kuwanda muCalifornia, iyo nyika inoda kuti ingangoita makumi matatu nenhatu muzana yehydrogen gasi rinoiswa mumotokari rinobva kunowanikwazve.

Kuwanikwa uye zvinokurudzira

Mota dzemafuta edzimotokari dzinopa akawanda mabhenefiti maererano nekushanda kwemafuta uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Ivo vanozadza nekukasira uye vane huwandu hwekukwikwidza nemotokari dzeICE. Nekudaro, vanodya mari yakawanda kuhaya kana kutenga, sezvinoita mafuta avo ehydrogen. Vazhinji vagadziri vanobhadhara mutengo wemafuta kwenguva shoma kuti vabvise mutengo wakakwira, vachitarisira kuti mutengo wemotokari nemafuta uchadzikira nekufamba kwenguva.

MuCalifornia, iyo nyika ine hombe, kunyangwe idiki, masero emafuta emagetsi, zvinokurudzira zvaivepo. Kutanga muna Kukadzi 2016, California yakapa zvidzoreso pamotokari dzemafuta kana mari yaivepo. Ichi chaive chikamu chehurongwa hwehurumende hwekuda kuti mota dzichene mumigwagwa. Varidzi vemota dzemafuta edzimotokari vanofanirwa kunyorera mota yavo kuti igamuchire kudzoserwa. Varidzi vanozokodzerawo kudhirowa inovapa mukana wekupinda mumigwagwa ine mota dzepamusoro (HOV).

Motokari dzemafuel cell dzinogona kunge dziri mota inoshanda yemangwana. Nepo mutengo uye kuwanikwa kwezviteshi zvekuchaja kuri kudzorera kudiwa izvozvi, mukana wekuwanikwa kwakawanda uye kutyaira kwakanaka kunoramba kuchiripo. Dzinotaridzika uye dzinoita sedzimwe mota zhinji dziri mumugwagwa — hauzowani zvinoshamisa kuseri kwevhiri — asi vanofungidzira mukana wekutyaira kwakachena-simba rakapararira munguva pfupi iri kutevera.

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