Nei injini yedhiziri ichiwedzera mari?
Injini dzemafuta akadaro dzine thermodynamics padyo neyakafanira Carnot kutenderera.
Diesel mota dzinowanzotengwa nemapragmatists. Ava ndivo vanhu vanoda kuchengetedza kwete zvakanyanya mukugadzirisa kuitenga, asi mukushanda kwayo kwenguva refu - nekuderedza mari yemafuta. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakaenzana, mafuta edhiziri anogara achidya peturu shoma. Asi nei?
Kana tikatora mota imwechete ine peturu nedhiziri injini ine hunhu hwakafanana, iyo yekupedzisira inogara ichidya 2-3 litita, kana kutosvika pa5 (zvinoenderana nevhoriyamu nesimba) zvishoma peturu pa100 km. Hazvigoneki kuti chero munhu angakahadzika izvi (mutengo wemota pachayo uye mutengo wekugadzirisa hazvifungirwe). Uyu muenzaniso wakapusa.
Chii chakavanzika cheinjini yedhiziri? Kuti unzwisise nuances, iwe unofanirwa kutendeukira kune dhizaini enjini nemitemo ye thermodynamics. Iko kune akati wandei nuances uye maficha pano. Injini yedhiziri pachayo ine thermodynamic kutenderera kwakasiyana neye peturu, iri padhuze nepadiki padanho rakakodzera reFrance fizikisi uye mainjiniya Sadie Carnot. Kubudirira kweinjini yedhiziri kazhinji kunonyanya kukwirira.
Kupisa kwemafuta mumasilinda einjini dzedhiziri hakukonzeri nekupenya kubva kune spark plugs, asi nekuda kwekumanikidza. Kana kune akawanda peturu injini iyo compression reshiyo iri kubva 8,0 kusvika 12,0, zvino yeinjini dzedhiziri inobva pa12,0 kusvika 16,0 uye yakatokwira. Izvi zvinotevera kubva kune thermodynamics kuti iyo yakakwirira yekumanikidza reshiyo, inokwirisa kushanda kwayo. Masilinda haamanikidzire musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo, asi mweya chete. Jekiseni remafuta rinoitika pakarepo mushure mekunge piston yapfuura nzvimbo yakafa - panguva imwe chete nekupisa.
Kazhinji, injini dzedhiziri hadzina vharuvhu (kunyange paine zvisizvo, kunyanya nguva pfupi yadarika). Izvi zvinonyanya kudzora iyo inonzi yekudyiwa yekurasikirwa nemweya mumasirinda. Vharuvhu iyi inodawo kune injini zhinji dzepeturu. inoshandisa simba panguva yekushanda. Kana iyo vharuvhu yekuvharira yakavharwa zvishoma, kumwe kuramba kumuka kunovapo muhurongwa hwemhepo. Injini dzedhiziri kazhinji hadzina dambudziko iri. Uye zvakare, chero injini yemazuva ano yedhiziri haifungidzike isina turbine iyo inopa yakanyanya torque padiki nepadiki.
Pakupedzisira, kushanda kweinjini dzedhiziri kunonyanya kutariswa nehunhu hwemafuta pachayo. Pakutanga, ine yakakwirira yekupisa inoshanda. Mafuta edhiziri anorema kupfuura peturu - paavhareji, anopa 15% mamwe simba kana apiswa. Diesel, kusiyana nepeturu (inoda chiyero che11: 1 kusvika 18: 1 nemhepo), inopisa munenge chero ipi zvayo nemhepo. Injini yedhiziri inobaya mafuta akawanda sezvinodiwa kukunda masimba ekukwesha eboka recylinder-piston, crankshaft uye pombi yemafuta. Mukuita, izvi zvinotungamira mukudzikira kwemafuta ekushandisa pasina basa ne2-3 nguva zvichienzaniswa nepeturu. Izvi zvinotsanangurawo kupisa kusina simba kweinjini dzedizeli panguva yekushanda. Diesel inogara isingaite thermally loaded, zvinoreva kuti ine yakarebesa sosi uye torque yakawanda.
Chii chinowanikwa nemuridzi wedhiziri? Paavhareji, iri 30% yakawanda mari pane yayo peturu shamwari (maererano nekushandisa mafuta). Yakasanganiswa neyakajairwa geometry turbocharger uye yakajairika njanji system, izvi zvinogadzira zvinonakidza zvechokwadi mhedzisiro. Dhiziri mota inomhanyisa mushe kubva pasi revs, ichidya hushoma huwandu hwemafuta. Izvi ndizvo zvinokurudzirwa nenyanzvi kune vanhu vane pragmatic vanoda kufamba-munzira. Iyi mhando yeinjini inosarudzwa mune ese-mavhiri ekutyaira crossovers uye akakomba maSUV.
