Sei kukurumidza kuchaja kufa kwemabhatiri
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Sei kukurumidza kuchaja kufa kwemabhatiri

Ivo vanoda kuchinja oiri, asi ivo vachiri vaine kukanganisa kunouraya uko vagadziri vakanyarara nezvazvo.

Nguva Yemazimbe yakagara ichirangarirwa. Nguva yemafuta iri kuuyawo kumagumo. Mumakore gumi echitatu ezana remakore reXNUMX, isu tiri kunyatso kurarama munguva yemabhatiri.

Sei kutsanya kuchaja kufa kwemabhatiri

MABASA AVO ANOGARA akakosha kubvira pakaiswa magetsi muhupenyu hwevanhu. Asi ikozvino matatu maitiro akaerekana aita simba rekuchengetedza iyo yakakosha tekinoroji papasi.

Mafambiro ekutanga kutekeshera kwemidziyo yenharembozha - masmartphones, matablet, malaptop.Tanga tichida mabhatiri ezvinhu zvakaita sematochi, maredhiyo enhare nemidziyo inotakurika - zvese zvisingaite. Nhasi, munhu wese ane kanenge kamwe nharembozha, iyo yaanoshandisa kanenge nguva dzose uye pasina iyo hupenyu hwake husingafungidzike.

Iyo SECOND TREND ndeye kushandiswa kwesimba renewable sources uye kamwe kamwe mutsauko pakati pepamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemagetsi uye kushandiswa. Zvaimbove nyore: apo varidzi vanobatidza zvitofu uye maTV manheru, uye kushandiswa kunowedzera zvakanyanya, vashandisi vezvidyarwa zvemagetsi anopisa uye zvidyarwa zvemagetsi enyukireya zvinongofanira kuwedzera simba. Asi nekugadzirwa kwezuva nemhepo, izvi hazvigoneki: iyo yepamusoro yekugadzira inowanzoitika panguva iyo kushandiswa kuri padanho rakaderera. Nokudaro, simba rinofanira kuchengetwa neimwe nzira. Imwe sarudzo ndiyo inonzi "hydrogen society", umo magetsi anoshandurwa kuva hydrogen uye anobva adyisa mafuta kune grid uye motokari dzemagetsi. Asi mutengo wakakwira zvakanyanya wezvivakwa zvinodikanwa uye ndangariro dzakaipa dzevanhu dzehydrogen (Hindenburg nevamwe) inosiya pfungwa iyi pane yekudzosera kumashure ikozvino.

Sei kutsanya kuchaja kufa kwemabhatiri

Izvo zvinonzi "smart grids" zvinotarisa mupfungwa dzemadhipatimendi ekushambadzira: mota dzemagetsi dzinowana simba rakawandisa pakugadzirwa kwepamusoro, uyezve, kana zvichidikanwa, dzinogona kuidzosera grid. Nekudaro, mabhatiri emazuva ano haasati agadzirira kunetsa kwakadai.

IMWE MHINDURO INOGONESESA kudambudziko iri inovimbisa yechitatu maitiro: kutsiva enjini dzemukati dzemoto nemabhatiri-emagetsi mota (BEVs). Imwe yenharo huru inotsigira idzi mota dzemagetsi ndeyekuti ivo vanogona kuve vatori vechikamu vanoshingairira mugridhi uye vatore zvakasara kuitira kuti vadzose pazvinenge zvichidikanwa.

Wese mugadziri weEV, kubva kuTesla kuenda kuVolkswagen, anoshandisa iri zano muzvinhu zvavo zvePR. Zvisinei, hapana mumwe wavo anobvuma izvo zvinorwadza zvakajeka kune mainjiniya: mabhatiri emazuva ano haana kukodzera basa rakadai.

Iyo LITHIUM-ION TECHNOLOGY iyo inodzora musika nhasi uye inonunura kubva kune yako fitness bracelet kune inokurumidza Tesla Model S ine zvakawanda zvakanaka pamusoro pechinyakare pfungwa senge lead acid kana nickel simbi hydride mabhatiri. Asi zvakare ine zviyero uye, pamusoro pazvose, maitiro ekukwegura ..

Sei kutsanya kuchaja kufa kwemabhatiri

Vazhinji vanhu vanofunga nezvemabhatiri serudzi rwechubhu iyo magetsi neimwe nzira "inoyerera". Mukuita, zvakadaro, mabhatiri haachengete magetsi pachawo. Ivo vanoishandisa kuita kumwe kumwe kugadziriswa kwemakemikari. Ipapo ivo vanogona kutanga inopesana kuita uye vowana zvakare kwavo kuchaja.

Kune lithium-ion mabhatiri, maitiro pamwe nekuburitswa kwemagetsi anotaridzika seizvi: lithiamu ions inoumbwa pane anode iri mubhatiri. Aya maatomu e lithiamu, imwe neimwe yadzo yarasikirwa neelectron imwe. Iyo ions inofamba nepakati pemvura yemagetsi kune iyo cathode. Uye maerekitironi akasunungurwa anoendeswa kuburikidza nemagetsi wedunhu, achipa simba ratiri kuda. Kana bhatiri rikavhurwa kuti ribhadharise, maitiro acho anodzoserwa uye maon anounganidzwa nemaelectroniki akarasika.

Sei kutsanya kuchaja kufa kwemabhatiri

"Kukura" ne lithiamu makomputa kunogona kukonzera pfupi dunhu uye kubatidza bhatiri.

Nehurombo, ZVISINEI, iyo YAKURU REACTIVITY inoita kuti lithium ive yakakodzera kugadzira mabhatiri ine yakaderera - inowanzotora chikamu mune zvimwe, zvisingadiwe kemikari kuita. Naizvozvo, mutete wakatsetseka we lithium compounds zvishoma nezvishoma unoumba pane anode, izvo zvinokanganisa maitiro. Uye saka huwandu hwebhatiri hunodzikira. Iyo yakanyanya kubhadhariswa uye kuburitswa, iyo inokora iyi coating inova. Dzimwe nguva inogona kunyange kusunungura inonzi "dendrites" - funga stalactites ye lithium compounds - iyo inotambanudza kubva kune anode kusvika kune cathode uye, kana ikasvika pairi, inogona kukonzera pfupi pfupi uye inopisa bhatiri.

Kutenderera kwega kwega kwekuchaja uye kuburitsa kunopfupisa hupenyu hwebhatiri re lithium-ion. Asi iyo ichangoburwa fashoni yekuchaja neatatu-chikamu ikozvino inomhanyisa maitiro. Kune mafoni, ichi hachisi chipingamupinyi chikuru chevagadziri, chero zvakadaro, vanoda kumanikidza vashandisi kuti vachinje michina yavo makore maviri kusvika matatu.Asi mota idambudziko.

Sei kutsanya kuchaja kufa kwemabhatiri

Kugutsa vatengi kuti vatenge mota dzemagetsi, vagadziri vanofanirwa kuvanyengedza nesarudzo dzekuchaja nekukurumidza. Asi zviteshi zvinomhanya senge Ionity hazvina kukodzera kushandiswa kwemazuva ese.

MUTENGO WEBATRI NDEMUMWE CHECHITATU uye kunyange kupfuura mutengo wose wemotokari yemagetsi yanhasi. Kuti vaite kuti vatengi vavo vaone kuti havasi kutenga bhomba, vese vanogadzira vanopa yakaparadzana, yakareba bhatiri waranti. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanovimba nekuchaja nekukurumidza kuita kuti mota dzavo dzitaridzike pakufamba nzendo refu. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, zviteshi zvekuchaja zvinokurumidza kushanda pa50 kilowatts. Asi iyo itsva Mercedes EQC inogona kubhadhariswa kusvika ku110kW, iyo Audi e-tron inosvika 150kW, sekupihwa neEuropean Ionity kuchaja zviteshi, uye Tesla ari kugadzirira kusimudza bara zvakanyanya.

Vagadziri ava vanokurumidza kubvuma kuti kuchaja nekukurumidza kunoparadza mabhatiri. Zviteshi zvakaita seIonity zvinokodzera zvakanyanya kune zvinokurumidzira kana munhu auya nenzira refu uye ane nguva shoma. Zvikasadaro, zvishoma nezvishoma kubhadharisa bhatiri rako pamba inzira yakanaka.

Kubhadhariswa uye kuburitswa kwayo kwakakoshawo kune hupenyu hwayo. Naizvozvo, vagadziri vazhinji havakurudzire kubhadharisa pamusoro pe80% kana pazasi pe20%. Nemaitiro aya, bhatiri re lithiamu-ion rinorasikirwa paavhareji nezve zvikamu zviviri muzana zvesimba rayo pagore. Nekudaro, inogona kutora makore gumi, kana kusvika kungangoita zviuru mazana maviri zvemakiromita, simba rayo risati radonha zvekuti rinova risingashandisike mumotokari.

Sei kutsanya kuchaja kufa kwemabhatiri

Chekupedzisira, chokwadika, HUPENYU HUPENYU zvinoenderana nekwakasiyana kwemakemikari. Izvo zvakasiyana kune wega wega mugadziri, uye mune dzakawanda zviitiko zvinyowani zvekuti hazvitozivikanwe kuti zvichakwegura sei nekufamba kwenguva. Vagadziri vanoverengeka vari kutovimbisa chizvarwa chitsva chemabhatiri ane hupenyu hwe "mamirioni imwe mamaira" (1.6 miriyoni emakiromita). Sekureva kwaElon Musk, Tesla ari kushanda pane imwe yacho. Kambani yeChinese CATL, inopa zvigadzirwa kuBMW nehafu yedhizimusi mamwe makambani, yakavimbisa kuti bhatiri rayo rinotevera richagara makore gumi nematanhatu, kana makiromita mamirioni maviri. General Motors neKorea LG Chem vari kugadzirawo chirongwa chakafanana. Imwe yeaya makambani ine yavo tekinoroji mhinduro dzavanoda kuyedza muhupenyu chaihwo. GM, semuenzaniso, inoshandisa zvishandiso zvekudzivirira hunyoro kupinda mumaseru ebhatiri, ndicho chikonzero chikuru che lithiamu kuyera pane cathode. CATL tekinoroji inowedzera aluminium kune nickel-cobalt-manganese anode. Izvi hazvisi chete zvinoderedza kudiwa kwecobalt, inova ndiyo inodhura pazvinhu izvi zvisikwa, asi zvakare inowedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri. Zvirinani ndizvo zvinotarisirwa neinjiniya vekuChinese. Vangangoita vatengi vanofara kuziva kana zano richiita mukuita.

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