Passive chengetedzo seyakaenzana pfungwa

Nemotokari itsva kana chizvarwa chinopinda mumusika, zvinova zvakanyanya uye zvakajeka kuti miedzo yekuparara yakapfuura, semazuva ose, ichafarirwa zvizere. Wese automaker anofarira kuzvitutumadza kuti chigadzirwa chavo chitsva chinosangana neakanyanya kuomesesa mitemo yekuchengetedza gore negore, uye anosimbisa zvakatowanda kana vakawedzera chekuchengetedza icho changa chisati chave kuwanikwa mumutsara (senge nzira yekudzivirira kudhumhana kwemaguta). kumhanya nechiratidzo che radar).

Asi zvese zvichange zvakanaka. Chii chinonzi crash tests uye ndechei? Aya maedzo akagadzirwa nenyanzvi kunyanya kutevedzera nekuvimbika mamwe marudzi ekuvhundutsa kwepasirese kunoitika netsaona kana kusaziva zuva nezuva. Zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru:

• kudzidziswa yekuyedza (kureva kugadzirira kwemota, dummies, makamera, zvekuyeresa zviridzwa, zvinotevera kuverenga, kuyerwa uye kugadzirira zvimwe zvishongedzo),
• chaizvo kupaza test,
• kuongorora ruzivo rwakayerwa uye rwakanyorwa uye ongororo yavo inotevera.

Euro NCAP

Kuti uvhare zvese zvakatemwa hits, bvunzo haisanganisi yekuputsa kumwe chete, asi, sekutonga, makomisheni "anoputsa" mota dzinoverengeka. MuEurope, bvunzo dzinonyanya kufarirwa dzekuparara dzinoitwa neEuro NCAP consortium. Munzira itsva, kuedza kwakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina zvikuru. Yekutanga ine chekuita nekuchengetedzwa kwevatakuri vakuru uye inosanganisira:

• Frontal strike pakumhanya kwe64 km / h kune chakaremara chinodzivirirwa ne40% kufukidzwa kwemota uye chipingamupinyi (kureva 60% yepamberi pechiso chemotokari haiite kusangana kwekutanga nechipingamupinyi), uko kuchengetedzeka kwevanhu vakuru mumusoro , mutsipa, nzvimbo yechipfuva inodzorwa zvakasimba (kombi uye mutoro paunenge uchiderera nebhanhire rechigaro), zvidya nemabvi (kubata nechepasi chikamu che dashboard), kuveura uye, kumutyairi nemakumbo, (njodzi yekufambisa boka rinotsika) . Kuchengetedzwa kwezvigaro pachavo uye kugadzikana kwemuviri roll cage kunoongororwawo. Vagadziri vanogona kunyora zvakafanana kudzivirira kune vafambi vemamwe marefu kupfuura mannequins kana mannequins. mune chigaro chakasiyana chinzvimbo. Anokwana gumi nematanhatu mapoinzi achapihwa chikamu ichi.
• Bkurova ziso nechivharo chinoremara nekumhanya kwe50 km / h kumotokari yakamira, uko kuchengetedzeka kwemunhu mukuru kunotariswa zvakare, kunyanya pelvis yake, chifuva uye musoro zvakasangana nedivi remota, kana kushanda kwedivi uye musoro airbags. Pano motokari inogona kuwana huwandu hwe8 points.
• Kudhumhana kweparutivi kwemotokari ine mbiru yakagadziriswa nekumhanya kwe29 km / h hazvisungirwe, asi vagadziri vemotokari vari kutozvipedzisa nguva dzose, iyo chete mamiriro ndeye kuvapo kwemusoro airbags. Mativi mamwe chete omuviri wemunhu mukuru anoongororwa sezvakarohwa kare. Uyewo - huwandu hwe8 points.
• Okuchengetedzwa kwecervical spine mune yekumashure, iyi zvakare bvunzo yekupedzisira kune vafambi vakuru. Chimiro chechigaro uye kona yemusoro zvinodzorwa, uye zvinonakidza kuti zvigaro zvakawanda zvichiri kuita zvisina kunaka nhasi. Pano unogona kuwana huwandu hwemapoinzi mana.

Chikamu chechipiri chebvunzo chakatsaurirwa kuchengetedzeka kwevafambi mukamuri yevana, yekumaka yekumisikidzwa uye kusungirirwa kwezvigaro uye mamwe masisitimu ekuchengetedza.

• Dummies maviri anoseka anoonekwa. vana 18 uye 36 mwedziiri muzvigaro zvemotokari muzvigaro zvekumashure. Kudhumhana kwese kwataurwa kusvika pari zvino kunofanirwa kurekodhwa, kunze kweyekumashure kwekuita simulation. Mushure mekupedzwa kwakabudirira, ese ari maviri dummies anogona kugashira anokwana gumi nemaviri mapoinzi akazvimirira kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.
• Pazasi pane chiyero che 4 mapoinzi epamusoro echigaro chemotokari clamping point mamaki, uye sarudzo pachadzo dzinopa 2 mapoinzi ekurovera chigaro chemotokari.
• Mhedziso yechikamu chechipiri ndeyekuongororwa kwemakaki akakwana enzvimbo yakavharwa yemutyairi airbag pane mudziyo wemidziyo, ichimaka mukana wekudzima mutakuri weairbag uye mukana unotevera wekuisa chigaro chemotokari kune yakatarisana, kuvapo kwe. mabhandi ezvigaro ane zvibodzwa zvitatu uye yambiro. Mapoinzi gumi nematatu chete.

Chikamu chechitatu chinodzora kuchengetedzwa kwevashandisi vemigwagwa vanotambura - vanofamba netsoka. Zvinosanganisira:

• Nnemutengo kukanganisa simulation musoro wemwana (2,5kg) a mukuru musoro (4,8 kg) pahood yemota, zvine hunyanzvi hwemapoinzi makumi maviri nemana (chinyorwa: mhedzisiro yakajairika ye24-16 mapoinzi, zvinoreva kuti kunyangwe mota dzine yakazara yakazara chiyero kazhinji haisviki padanho repamusoro).
• Pelvic stroke o mipendero yebhoneti ine zvibodzwa zve6 (kazhinji ndiyo nzvimbo ine ngozi yekukuvara kwevanofamba netsoka, ine zvibodzwa zvingangoita XNUMX).
• Kick o yepakati nepasi bumper, uko mota dzinowanzowana yakazara mapoinzi matanhatu.

Yekupedzisira, yekupedzisira, yechina chikamu inoongorora ebetsero masisitimu.

• Iwe unogona zvakare kuwana zviyeuchidzo zvekusapfeka mabhandi echigaro uye kuvapo kweazvino serial stabilization system - ye3 mapoinzi, mota inowana yekumhanyisa limiter, kana yakaiswa.

Mhedzisiro yose, sekuziva kwedu vazhinji, inoratidza nhamba yenyeredzi, apo 5 nyeredzi zvinoreva kuchengetedzwa kuri nani, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma zvinopera sezvo nhamba yenyeredzi inoderera. Maitiro acho akasimbiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakatanga bvunzo yekuparara, izvo zvinoreva kuti mota inogamuchira nyeredzi yakazara pakuvhurwa ichawana kuchengetedzwa kwemazinga, semuenzaniso, padanho remazuva ano renyeredzi nhatu (ona yazvino nyeredzi nhatu dzePeugeot. 107 / Citroen C1 / Toyota katatu Aygo , ine chiyero chepamusoro panguva yekupinda mumusika).

Maitiro ekuongorora

Mushure mezvose, ndedzipi nzira dzinofanirwa kusangana nemotokari dzemazuva ano kuti dzidade nepamusoro pe "nyeredzi" rating? Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira inopihwa zvichienderana nenhamba yezvibodzwa zvechimwe nechimwe chemapoka mana ataurwa, anoratidzwa sechikamu.

Iyo yazvino NCAP yakagadzirirwa 5 nyeredzi rating nemari shoma:

• 80% yeavhareji yese,
• 80% kudzivirira kune vafambi vakuru,
• 75% kudzivirira vana,
• 60% kuchengetedzwa kwevanofamba netsoka,
• 60% kune anobatsira masisitimu.

4 nyeredzi rating iyo mota inofanirwa kuteedzera:

• 70% yeavhareji yese,
• 70% kudzivirira kune vafambi vakuru,
• 60% kudzivirira vana,
• 50% kuchengetedzwa kwevanofamba netsoka,
• 40% kune anobatsira masisitimu.

3 nyeredzi kukunda rated:

• 60% yeavhareji yese,
• 40% kudzivirira kune vafambi vakuru,
• 30% kudzivirira vana,
• 25% kuchengetedzwa kwevanofamba netsoka,
• 25% kune anobatsira masisitimu.

Pakupedzisira, mumaonero angu, ndakasvika pachinhu chinonyanya kukosha chechinyorwa ichi, icho chaivewo chekutanga kukurudzira kwechinyorwa ichi. Zita racho pacharo rinoritsanangura nemazvo. Munhu anosarudza kutenga motokari itsva zvakare nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemazuva ano ekuchengetedza maitiro uye masisitimu, uye naizvozvo kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro-soro, anofanira kunzwisisa kuti achiri kutenga chete pepa resimbi uye plastiki "bhokisi" rinogona kufamba. kumhanya kwengozi. Uye zvakare, iyo yakazara kuendesa mauto kumugwagwa inovimbika neina chete nzvimbo dzekusangana dzematairi ehukuru hwakajairwa "baba". Kuti kunyangwe iyo yazvino-yepamusoro-yepamusoro modhi ine miganhu yayo uye yakagadzirwa neyakafanozivikanwa maitiro ayo mainjiniya akafunga panguva yekusimudzira, asi chii chinoitika kana tikachinja mitemo yekukanganisa? Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakadanwa neAmerican Highway Traffic Safety Organisation INSURANCE INSTITUTE YEKUTEVISWA MUMUGWAGWA kare muna 2008 pasi pezita Muedzo muduku wekupindirana... Nenzira, inozivikanwa nokuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kupfuura muEurope, kusanganisira rollover test yeSUVs (inoratidzwa sechikamu chezvinogona rollover), iyo inobudirira zvikuru shure kwegomba guru.

Muedzo muduku wekupindirana

Kana kuti zvimwe: kukanganisa kwemusoro pane chipingamupinyi chakasimba chine kupindirana kudiki. Uku kudhumhana kwepamusoro-soro nekumhanya kwe64 km / h mune isingagoneke (yakamira) chipingamupinyi chine kupindirana kwe20% chete (mota inosangana uye yekutanga inorova chipingamupinyi chete pa20% yekuona kumberi. nzvimbo, iyo yakasara 80% haibate chipingamupinyi panguva yekutanga kukanganisa). Uyu muedzo unofananidzira kukanganisa mushure mekuedza kwekutanga kudzivisa chipingamupinyi chakaoma semuti. Chiyero chezviyero chine zviyereso zvina zvemashoko: zvakanaka, zvakanaka, muganhu, uye zvisina simba. Chokwadi uri kutaura nekuti yakafanana nenyika yedu muEurope (40% inopindirana uye inoremara chipingamupinyi). Zvisinei, zvigumisiro zvakamisa munhu wose, sezvo panguva iyoyo kunyange motokari dzakachengeteka dzakanga dzisina kugadzirwa nokuda kwechiitiko ichi uye dzakapa mutyairi kukuvara kunouraya kunyange pa "guta" kumhanya. Nguva yafamba, sezvakaita vamwe vagadziri panyaya iyi. Zvakajeka kuona mutsauko pakati pemuenzaniso wakagadzirira rudzi urwu rwekukanganisa, uye muenzaniso wevagadziri vasina kuendesa marobhoti akawanda. Volvo yakananga munzvimbo ino yekuchengetedza uye yakagadzira mhando yayo nyowani (2012) S60 uye XC60, saka hazvifanirwe kushamisa kuti mota dzakagamuchira yakanakisa ratings. Akashamisawo mini Toyota iQ, iyo yakaitawo zvakanaka kwazvo. Kupfuura zvese, ini pachangu ndakashamiswa neiyo yazvino modhi BMW 3 F30, iyo makomisheni akati seyakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, maviri Lexus modhi (sezvo yakanyanyisa shongwe yeToyota brand) haina kuwana ratings inogutsa. Kune akati wandei akaratidzirwa mamodheru, ese anowanikwa akasununguka pane network.