Misiyano pakati peinjini yemagetsi neinjini yekupisa

Ndeupi musiyano wakakosha pakati peinjini yekupisa nemagetsi mota? Nekuti kana iye connoisseur akawana iwo mubvunzo wakanyatsojeka, newbies mazhinji anogona kunge aine mibvunzo nezvazvo ... Nekudaro, isu hatisi kuzogumira pakungotarisa injini, asi isu zvakare tichakurumidza kudzidza kufambisa kuti tinzwisise zviri nani huzivi. idzi mbiri mhando dzehunyanzvi.

Onawo: Nei mota dzemagetsi dzichimhanyisa zvirinani?

Basic pfungwa

Chekutanga pane zvese, ndinoda kukuyeuchidza kuti simba reinjini uye torque kukosha, pakupedzisira, data rakakamurwa chete. Zvechokwadi, kutaura kuti injini mbiri dzine simba re 200 hp. uye 400 Nm ye torque zvakafanana, hazvisi zvechokwadi… 200 hp uye 400 Nm inongova simba guru rinopiwa neinjini mbiri idzi, uye kwete data yakazara. Kuti uenzanise idzi injini mbiri zvakadzama, simba / torque curves yega yega inoda kuenzaniswa. Nekuti kunyangwe mamotor aya aine hunhu hwakafanana, kureva simba rimwechete uye torque peaks, anozove akasiyana akauraya macurve. Saka torque yeimwe yeinjini mbiri ichange yakakwira paavhareji kupfuura imwe uye nekudaro ichanyanya kushanda zvishoma zvisinei nekuti yaitaridzika zvakafanana pabepa... injini yedhiziri inoyevedza kupfuura injini yepeturu ye. simba rimwechete, kunyange ini ndinobvuma kuti muenzaniso wakapiwa pano hauna kukwana (iyo torque yakawanda ichave yakasiyana zvikuru, kunyange kana simba reinjini mbiri rakafanana).

Verenga zvakare: Musiyano Pakati Pe Torque uye Simba

Zvikamu uye kushanda kwemagetsi uye kupisa mota

Motokari yemagetsi

Ngatitangei nechinhu chakareruka, mota yemagetsi inoshanda nekutenda kumagetsi emagetsi, kureva "simba remagineti" kune avo vasinganyatsonzwisisa pfungwa iyi. Muchokwadi, iwe watove wakakwanisa kuona chokwadi chekuti rudo runogona kugadzira simba pane imwe magineti kana ivo vakabatana pamwechete, uye zvirokwazvo, mota yemagetsi inoshandisa iyi yekupedzisira kufamba.

Kunyangwe musimboti wacho uchiramba wakafanana, kune matatu marudzi emagetsi emagetsi: mota yeDC, inowirirana AC mota (rotor inotenderera nekumhanya kumwechete neiyo yazvino inoendeswa kumakoiri), uye asynchronous AC (inotenderera rotor inononoka zvishoma yazvino yakatumirwa). Nekudaro, kune mamwewo mabhureji nemabhurashi asina mabhureki, zvinoenderana nekuti rotor inokonzeresa muto (kana ndikafambisa magineti padivi payo, kunyangwe ndisina kuonana, muto unowoneka mune izvo zvinhu) kana inopfuudzwa (mune iyo kesi ini ndoda kubaya muviri muto mukati reel uye saka ndinogadzira chinobatanidza chinobvumira rotor kufamba: bhurasho rinokwesha uye rinoregedza muto kuburikidza sechitima chakabatana netambo dzemagetsi kubva kumusoro dzichishandisa levers inonzi pantograph).

Nekudaro, mota yemagetsi ine nhamba diki kwazvo yezvikamu: "rotor rotor" inotenderera mu stator. Imwe inokonzeresa simba remagetsi rinoburitswa nemagetsi kana yazvino yakanangiswa kwairi, uye imwe yacho inopindura kune iri simba uye nekudaro rinotanga kutenderera. Kana ndikasa jekisa yakawanda yazvino, simba remagineti harichazonyangarika nekudaro hapana chimwe chinofamba.

Chekupedzisira, inopihwa nemagetsi, kuchinjanisa zvazvino (muto unoenda nekudzoka) kana kuenderera (pane kuchinjisa zvazvino kazhinji). Uye kana mota yemagetsi inogona kukura mazana matanhatu hp, semuenzaniso, inogona kukura 600 hp. chete kana isingagashi simba rakaringana ... Bhatiri rakanyanya kusimba rinogona, semuenzaniso, kudzora mashandiro einjini uye zvingangotadza kushanda. anokwanisa kukudziridza simba rake rese.

Onawo: mashandiro anoita mota yemagetsi mota

Injini yekupisa

Injini yekupisa inoshandisa kuita kwethermodynamic. Chaizvoizvo, inoshandisa kuwedzera kweshungu (imwe ingatoti, inopisa) magasi kutenderera michina zvikamu. Iko kusanganiswa kwemafuta uye oxidizer yakavharirwa mukamuri, zvese zvinopisa, uye izvi zvinokonzeresa kuwedzera kwakasimba uye nekudaro kuwanda kwekumanikidza (iwo iwo musimboti wevadzimi vemoto muna Chikunguru 14). Uku kuwedzera kunoshandiswa kutenderedza iyo crankshaft nekuisa chisimbiso kuma cylinders (kumanikidza).

Onawo: basa reinjini yekupisa

Magetsi mota kufambisa VS kupisa injini

Sezvo iwe pasina mubvunzo uchiziva, mota dzemagetsi dzinogona kumhanya nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Nekudaro, hunhu uhwu hwakatendisa mainjiniya kusiya giya (kuchiri kuderedzwa, kana kuti zvirinani kudzikiswa, uye nekudaro mushumo), izvo mukuita izvi zvinoderedza mutengo uye kuomarara kwemota (uye nekudaro kuvimbika). Ziva, zvisinei, kuti zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kuunza repiri repamusoro zvikonzero zvekugona uye kupisa kwemotokari, izvi zvinoshandawo kune veTaycan.

Naizvozvo, pane hupfumi hwakakosha pano sezvo injini yekupisa ichapedza nguva ichichinja magiya pamwe nebhonasi yakawedzerwa yediki yakadzikira.

Nekudaro, mukuzorora, izvi zvakare zvinobatsira, nekuti isu tinogara tiri mumagetsi mamiriro pane yakanaka rekodhi, sezvo paine imwe chete. Pamushini unopisa, zvichave zvakakosha kuti uwane yakanyatsokodzera michini uye rega iyo gearbox riite roga (rova-pasi kuvandudza mashandiro), uye izvo zvinopambadza nguva.

Kupfupisa, tinogona kutaura kuti mota yemagetsi ine imwe simba / torque curve painenge ichimhanyisa, ukuwo injini yekupisa ichinge iine akati wandei (zvinoenderana nenhamba yemagiya), ichisvetuka kubva kune imwe ichienda kune imwe nekuda kwebhokisi regear.

Magetsi mota simba VS kupisa injini

Midziyo yemafuta uye yemagetsi haina kungosiyana zvakanyanya mukutapurirana, asi zvakare haina nzira dzakafanana dzekuendesa simba uye torque.

Iyo yemagetsi mota ine yakakura yakafara renji nekuti inogona kusimudza yakanyanya kumhanya kumhanya ichichengetedza yakanyanya kwazvo torque uye simba. Nekudaro, iyo torque curve inotangira kumusoro uye inongodzika pasi. Iko simba remagetsi rinokwira nekukurumidza uye zvishoma nezvishoma rinodonha paunenge uchikwira kusvika padanho.

ENGINE KUNYANYA KODZIRA

Heino curve ye classical kupisa injini. Kazhinji, iyo torque yakawanda uye simba zvakatenderedza pakati peiyo rev rev (iyo yakabatana, ona chinongedzo pakutanga kwechinyorwa). Painjini ine turbocharged, izvi zvinoitika zvakanangana nepakati, uye pane inogaroshuvira injini, yakananga kumusoro kwetachometer.

Magetsi MOTOROPA

Injini yekupisa ine curve yakasiyana zvachose, ine torque yakakura uye simba rakagadzirwa muchikamu chidiki cherev rev. Uye saka tichava negiya bhokisi rekushandisa iri simba / torque peak mukati mechikamu chepamusoro. Iyo yekutenderera kumhanya (yakanyanya kumhanya) inogumira nekuti isu tiri kubata neinorema inofamba simbi zvikamu uye kuda iyo mota frequency yakakwira zvakanyanya kunoisa mungozi zvikamu izvo zvinokwanisa kutenderera (kunyanya kumhanya kunowedzera friction) uye nekudaro kupisa kunogona kugadzira zvikamu. "zvinyoro" nekuda kwe "kunyungudika" zvishoma). Naizvozvo, isu tine peturu switch (inodzima moto) uye ine shoma jekiseni frequency padhiziri.

Zvichida kutaura, injini yekupisa ine kumhanya kwepamusoro isingasviki 8000 rpm, nepo mota yemagetsi inogona kusvika 16 rpm nematanho akanaka etoriki nesimba mukati meiyi nhanho. Injini yekupisa ine simba rakakwira uye torque chete mune diki injini yekumhanya renji.

Musiyano wekupedzisira: kana tikasvika kumagumo emagetsi emagetsi, tinoona kuti vanowira kamwe kamwe. Uyu muganho une hukama ne AC frequency inosangana nenhamba yemapango emota. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe paunosvika pakumhanya kwakanyanya, haugone kuzvipfuura, sezvo mota ichigadzira kuramba. Kana tikapfuudza kumhanya uku, tichava neinjini yakasimba ine brake iyo inozopinda munzira yako.