Kurasa mafuta emota. Kuumbwa uye kuverenga

Waste synthetic uye semi-synthetic mota oiri

Zvigadzirwa zvemafuta zvakaraswa zvine makemikari gumi kusvika makumi matatu. Pakati pavo pane lead, zingi uye mamwe masimbi anorema, pamwe necalcium, phosphorus uye polycyclic organic compounds. Zvinhu zvakadaro zvinopokana nekuora, chepfu ivhu, mvura, uye zvakare zvinokonzeresa shanduko dzemasero muzvirimwa nevanhu.

• Mamineral oiri ane chikamu chechikamu chekunatsa oiri uye ane anenge asina ekuwedzera, stabilizers uye halogen reagents.
• Semi-synthetic lubricants inowanikwa nekugadzirisa maoiri echisikigo nekuunza zvinowedzera.
• Synthetic analogues chigadzirwa chemakemikari synthesis.

Zvisinei nekwakabva, zvinwiwa zvekuzora zvinosanganisira alkanes ine kabhoni nhamba yeC₁₂ - С₂₀, cyclic inonhuhwirira makomisheni (arenes) uye naphthene derivatives.

Somugumisiro wekushanda, mafuta anowanikwa kune kushushikana kwekupisa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, organic cycles uye naphthenes zvinoiswa oxidized, uye cheni dzeparafini dzinodimbuka kuita mapfupi. Additives, modifiers uye asphalt-resinous zvinhu zvinowedzera. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, mafuta haazadzise zvinodiwa pakushanda, uye injini iri kushanda kuti ipfeke. Zvigadzirwa zvinoraswa zvinoburitswa mumhepo uye zvinounza njodzi yezvakatipoteredza.

Kudzokorora uye Kurasa Nzira

Tsvina yemafuta inodzoserwa kana nzira yacho ichibudirira mune zvehupfumi. Zvikasadaro, tsvina inopiswa kana kuvigwa. Nzira dzekuvandudza:

1. Kemikari kupora - sulfuric acid kurapwa, alkaline hydrolysis, kurapwa ne calcium carbide.
2. Kucheneswa kwemuviri - centrifugation, kugadzirisa, multi-stage filtration.
3. Nzira dzepanyama uye dzemakemikari - kugadzirisa, ion-exchange filtration, kubvisa, adsorption kupatsanurwa, coagulation.

Oiri tsvina isingakodzeri kugadzirwa patsva inocheneswa kubva kune inorema simbi, emulsion mvura, uye inodzivirira kupisa makomisheni. Mvura inoguma inoshandiswa sehuni yezvirimwa zveboiler. Kuverengerwa kwemarara kunoitwa zvinoenderana neformula:

М_mmo = K_cl×К_в× ρ_м×∑ Vⁱ_м× Kⁱ_pr×N_i×L_i / Нⁱ_L× 10^-3,

kupi: М_mmo - huwandu hwemafuta akawanikwa (kg);

К_cl - basin index;

К_в - kugadzirisa chikonzero chehuwandu hwemvura;

ρ_м - tsvina density;

Vⁱ_м - kuwanda kwemafuta ekuzora akadururirwa muhurongwa;

L_i - mileage ye hydraulic unit pagore (km);

Нⁱ_L - chiyero chegore mileage;

Кⁱ_pr indekisi yekusachena;

N_i - nhamba yekushanda kwekuisa (injini).

Hazard Kirasi

Dongo remvura kubva kumotokari, ndege uye mamwe mafuta anoiswa muchikamu chechitatu chenjodzi. Kemikari inopikisa makomisheni eiyo naphthenic akatevedzana anoisa njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza. Aya ma cyclic reagents anotungamira kune shanduko muchirimwa DNA, autosomal uye oncological zvirwere muvanhu. Heavy metals inokonzera kukuvadzwa kwemasero kuitsvo, mapapu nedzimwe nhengo. Organochlorine uye organophosphorus zvinhu zvemurazvo retardants mumafuta ekugadzira zvinomutsa kukosora, kupfupika kwekufema, uye mumatambudziko akaomarara zvinotungamira mukusungwa kwekufema. Kuraswa kunokuvadza kwemafuta edzimotokari kuri kuderedza huwandu hweshiri nedzimwe mhuka.

Ko mafuta emota yako akashandiswa anoendepi?