Kubva kuToyota HiLux kuenda kuVolkswagen Beetle neCitroen DS: mota dzekare peturu nedhiziri dzakaibva pakushandurwa kweEV.
Zviri mukati
Iyo yekutanga Volkswagen Beetle ndeimwe yemota dzakati wandei dzakanakira kuchinjisa kumotokari yemagetsi.
Imwe yenyaya dzinokurumidza kukura dzakatenderedza CarsGuide ndiko kusimudzwa kwemotokari yemagetsi. Uye sechikamu cheizvozvo, pane gakava rine hutano pamusoro pekushandura mota dzakagadzirwa nemagetsi kuti dzive dzemagetsi.
Mamirioni avanhu akatarisa Harry naMeghan vachienda kuhoneymoon muJaguar E-Type iyo yakashandurwa kuita mota yemagetsi, uye midhiya neinternet zvakazara neEV kutendeuka nyaya.
Asi ndedzipi mota dzakanakisa dzekushandura izvozvi? Pave nemaitiro here kana kuti pane mota yakajairika yakaibva pakuchinja kubva kuULP kuenda kuVolts?
Kana iwe uri kufunga nezve kushandura mota yako kumotokari yemagetsi, pane mashoma ekufunga achaita kuti hupenyu hwako huve nyore.
Nepo zvehunyanzvi chero mota inogona kushandurwa, vamwe vane mukana. Chaizvoizvo, idzi imotokari dziri nyore uye dzine mashoma pane-bhodhi masisitimu anoda kuvakwa patsva kana achinjira kumagetsi ekushanda.
Semuyenzaniso, mota isina chidhiraivho chemagetsi uye kunyangwe mabhureki emagetsi zvichave nyore kudzoreredza sezvo usingazonetseke nezvepombi yekutungamirira simba (iyo yaive bhandi raifambiswa painjini muchimiro chemota yekutanga) kana brake booster (iyo yaizoshandisa vacuum kubva mukati meinjini yekupisa). Hongu, kune dzimwe nzira dzekusimudza mabhureki uye chidhiraivho, asi dzinoda mamwe mota dzemagetsi uye dzinomiririra imwe dhiraivha pamabhatiri emotokari akashandurwa.
Panewo zvikonzero zvakanaka zvekusarudza motokari isina ABS mabhureki uye airbag masisitimu, sezvo izvi zvichanyanya kuoma kuisa mumotokari yapera. Zvekare, izvi zvinogona kuitwa, asi huremu hwekuwedzera hwemabhatiri emotokari yakashandurwa hunogona kushandura inozivikanwa seyekuputsika siginicha, zvichiita kuti stock airbags isashande pane zvaangave. Uye chero mota yakatangwa neaya masisitimu zvingaite zvisingaite kunyoresa uye kushandisa zviri pamutemo pasina iwo. Kuchengetedza nyika iri panjodzi haisati iri zano rakanaka. Usakanganwa kuti injinjiniya yakatenderwa inozoda kusaina pane chero shanduko yeEV usati warova mugwagwa. Kambani yako yeinishuwarenzi inogonawo kupa mamwe mazano.
Kusarudza motokari yakareruka kutanga nayo ipfungwa yakanaka. Aya mabhatiri anozowedzera huremu hwakawanda kune yekupedzisira chigadzirwa, saka zvine musoro kunamatira nemwenje wekurongedza. Huremu hwekuwedzera huchava nemhedzisiro yakajeka pakuita kwemotokari, asi ichakanganisawo huwandu.
Kune zvakare chikoro chakasimba chepfungwa chinoratidza kuti yakapfava drivetrain dhizaini inohwina zvakare. Kunyanya, motokari ine mavhiri maviri, sezvo izvi zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuisa motokari itsva yemagetsi uye kuendesa simba rayo pasi. A manual transmission ichashandawo, se torque converter automatic transmission inoda injini yemota kuti ibudise inodiwa hydraulic pressure. Uku ndiko kumwe kutambisa simba, uye sezvo mota yemagetsi ichingoda giya rimwe chete, otomatiki kutapurirana kutambisa mubhadharo uye voltage.
Zvino, kana iwe ukatora zvinhu izvi zvese mu account, mugwagwa unoenda kumota inoda kushandurwa kuita magetsi inongotungamira munzira imwe chete: mota dzekare. Mota dzechikuru dzinowanzova nekureruka uye tekinoroji maficha ari kutariswa nevashanduri, kusanganisira kazhinji huremu huremu uye maviri-mavhiri.
Iyo ine subset yemotokari dzinounganidzwa kana dzemhando yepamusoro. A classic mavambo akanaka nekuti ihafu yemukana wekuchengeta kukosha kwayo nekufamba kwemakore. EV kutendeuka haina kudhura, asi kana ukakwanisa kudzikisira mutengo kune diki muzana yekukosha kwemota, unohwina. Kushandura mota yemhando yepamusoro hakudhuri kupfuura kugadzirisa mota yakachipa, uye pakupedzisira unowana mari uye sosi huru yekunakidzwa nekugutsikana.
Ichi ndicho chinhu chemitengo icho chisingabatanidzi kugadziridzwazve kwemotokari dzemazuva ano. Tichifunga kuti kunyange kutendeuka kwakapfava kunodhura madhora zviuru makumi mana zvichikwira, kana wangowana bhatiri paki (uye wozviita wega), kushandura iti Mazda CX-40,000 kuita magetsi uye kupedzisa neSUV yava kukwereta $5 yemadhora hazvina musoro kana iwe. funga kuti ikozvino unogona kutenga yakashandiswa Nissan Leaf motokari yemagetsi yagadzirira kuenda uye zviri pamutemo zvachose kutyaira isingasviki $50,000.
Danho rinotevera kwatiri nderekukupa runyoro rwemota dzinoita zvakanyanya - mune zvemari uye nekuita - sevanoda kutendeuka. The maitiro akanaka nyore; mota iri nyore kushandura, uye mota isina kumborarama kana kufa nekuda kwekuita kana chimiro cheinjini yayo. Pasina chero kutonga, zvingave zvisina kunaka kuti isu tishandure rotary-powered Ferrari V12 kana Mazda RX-7 kumagetsi, sezvo injini dzemotokari idzi mbiri dzaive dzakanyanya kukosha kune chimiro uye kukwezva kwemotokari idzi. Zvakadini nemamwe makirasi? Ehe, kwete zvakanyanya ...
Air-yakatonhorera Volkswagen (1950s-1970s)
Idzi mota dzakatozvisimbisa sechikuva chekushandura chesarudzo kune vakawanda, vazhinji vanoshandura EV. Mechanically, ivo vane manyorero ekufambisa, kumashure vhiri dhiraivha, dhizaini yakazara uye nyore kuita kuti hupenyu hweshanduko huve nyore.
Ungave wasarudza Beetle, Kombi yakare, kana Type 3, ese ane zvirevo zvakafanana uye ese akareruka kutanga. Uye nepo injini inotonhodzwa nemhepo iyi ine mafeni ayo, motokari yemagetsi yakashandurwa yeVW ichava nekanenge katatu kushanda kwepeturu yekare. Muchokwadi, mainjiniya angangoda kukwidziridza mabhureki kuti abate rimwe simba zvakachengeteka. Uye nekupihwa kuti musika wemaVW akura uri kufamba sei, haungarasikirwe nemari pachibvumirano kana uchifanira kuitengesa.
Citroen ID/DS (kubvira 1955 kusvika 1975)
Iyo Citroen yakatsetseka yakashandura maitiro epasi kumota payakaburitswa pakati pemakore makumi mashanu. Mugadziri wake aive Flaminio Bertone, mugadziri weindasitiri uye muvezi. Motokari iyi yakarova uye ichiri kuratidzwa muboka revagadziri vemotokari.
Asi kana paine chinhu chimwe chete chakaita kuti Citroen iwire pasi, yaive yekuti haina kuzombowana injini yaikodzera. Panzvimbo peiyo yakapfava, yakanatswa V6, yakawana yakashandiswa ina-cylinder injini kubva kumamodheru apfuura. Yakanga iri injini yakanaka, asi hapana akambovhiringidza magetsi nemhando ipi zvayo yeDS.
Iyo mota hydropneumatic suspension uye mabhureki zvinoisa diki chipingamupinyi kuchinjika kumotokari yemagetsi, seyechipiri mota yemagetsi inodiwa kudzvanya sisitimu. Izvi zvinoreva iyo isinganyanyi kuomesesa ID modhi, iine yakawanda yechinyakare braking system uye yemanyorero dhiraivha, isarudzo yakangwara. Chero nzira, iwe uchawana inoshamisa yekupedzisira mhedzisiro.
Land Rover (kubvira 1948 kusvika 1978)
Tiri kutaura nezvechinyakare-chikoro Land Rover, kusanganisira aruminiyamu body panels, part-time four-wheel drive, uye rustic charm. Yakagadzirwa kuti ishandiswe chero chinhu chingadiwa nemurimi wekuBritain mushure mehondo, runako rweLand Rover yepakutanga rwuri mukupfava kwayo.
Zvechokwadi haisi motokari yemitambo, uye kunyange masikati, kukurumidza kubva kune zvinoshamisa yakagadzirwa ina-cylinder injini kwaive nani pane kufamba. Saka wadii kusiya izvo uye kugadzira yemagetsi Landy iyo ichange iine yakawanda inoshandisika chaiyo-yepasirese kuita muzana remakore rechi21?
Iyo chikamu-mana-mavhiri dhiraivha dhizaini ndiyo inonamira poindi pano, asi ishanduro yakakosha yeese-vhiri dhiraivha uye kune yakawanda nzvimbo yeinjiniya. Zvichakadaro, ine nzvimbo yakakwana yekuisa mabhatiri uye ma controller pasina kukanganisa kuita kwayo zvakanyanya. Zvichida chipingamupinyi chikuru chichange chiri chekuwana maekisero anokwanisa kubata torque yemotokari yemagetsi, sezvo aive chitsitsinho cheLand Rover chekutanga Achilles. Uye isu tiri kubheja kuti, nematayi akakodzera, zvinogona kungovhiringa mamwe akawanda emazuva ano maSUV.
Toyota Hilux (1968 kusvika 1978)
Unogona kutsiva iyo HiLux nechero yekutanga yeJapan SUV, asi iyo yakazara Toyota muridzi wezvinhu izvi zvinoreva kuti zvimwe zvacho zvichiri muchimiro chakanaka. Iyo diki yeJapan yekushandisa inotikurudzira nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana: ikareruka, yakachipa, uye inopa yakawanda nzvimbo yemabhatiri. Hongu, iwe unopira imwe nzvimbo inotakura zvinhu, asi nekukubvumidza kuti ukwane mabhatiri anorema munzvimbo iri pakati peekisi (izvo zvisingagoneke nguva dzose), rori diki inova kurota.
Mawere aya aivewo akapfava zvisingaite. Zvishoma maficha uye Toyota havaizokwanisa kudzidaidza mota. Asi ikozvino idzo nhau huru, uye kushomeka kwekunyaradza uye zviri nyore zvinhu zvinoreva kuti HiLux EV ine pfupi pfupi pakati pemachaji haizove dambudziko rakadaro; uchabhowekana isati yapera.
Asi mota diki yekutanga yekuJapan imotokari yemhando yepamusoro kana yemuunganidzi? Mumadenderedzwa akakodzera, unogona kubheja.
Triumphant deer (kubvira 1970 kusvika 1978)
Iyo Stag inowanzoonekwa semota yakanaka. Yakanga iine mitsetse yekare yemamwe magadzirirwo eMichelotti, asi neimwe nzira yakakwanisa kutaridzika zvirinani kupfuura mamwe ma sedans ayo. Asi vazhinji (kunyanya makanika) vakamutsoropodza nekuda kwemaitiro asina kunaka einjini, nekuda kwekuti aigona kupfutidza pakudenhwa kudiki. Izvi pazvakaitika, misoro yealuminium cylinder yakamonyoroka uye mazakwatira emari akatanga kuchinja mawoko.
Saka wadii kubvisa chinhu chimwe chete chakaita kuti Stag ive chiseko nekuvandudza mashandiro ayo, kuvimbika uye kukwezva kwese mukuita? Zvirokwazvo. Muchokwadi, varidzi veStag vanga vachichinjanisa mota dzavo kuti dzive nani, dzakavimbika peturu injini kwemakumi emakore, saka kuchinjika kumotokari dzemagetsi hakufanire kugumbura vanhu vakawandisa.
Zvisinei nekutsiga kwetsoka, iyo Stag haisati iri muchina muhombe, saka kurongedza mabhatiri uye zvinodzora zvinogona kuve dambudziko rakakura. Imwe snag yeStag inogona kunge iri yekutsvaga muenzaniso ine sarudzo yemanyorero kutumira, sezvo iyo ingave iri nyore kutendeuka. Asi kana iwe uchinge wanzwisisa izvo, iwe unenge uine yechokwadi sexy roadster inoita nenzira yayaigara ichifanirwa kuita, asi isingawanzo shanda. Iwe zvakare uchave uine chete Stag munyika iyo isingadere mafuta.
