Tsananguro uye mamiriro ebvunzo dzemotokari

Kudzivirirwa ndeimwe yematanho akakosha anoongororwa nevatengi pavanosarudza mota. Kuongorora njodzi dzese uye kuvimbika kwemotokari, kuongororwa kweanonzi mabvunzo ekuputsika anoshandiswa. Iyi bvunzo inoitwa nevose vagadziri uye nyanzvi dzakazvimirira, izvo zvinobvumidza kuongororwa kusasarura kwehunhu hwemota. Asi usati washandisa iyo ruzivo, zvinokurudzirwa kuti unzwisise kuti ndeipi miedzo yekudonha iri, ndiani anovafambisa, kuti mhedzisiro inoongororwa sei uye zvimwe zviitiko zveichi chiitiko.

Chii chinonzi mota tsaona bvunzo

Kwetsa test ndiko kusikwa kwemaune kwemamiriro ekukurumidzira uye kurovera kweanosiana njodzi (kuomarara). Iyo nzira inoita kuti zvikwanise kuongorora kuchengetedzwa kwechimiro chemota, kuona kukanganisa kunooneka uye kugadzirisa kugona kweiyo system yekudzivirira nenzira yekudzora njodzi dzekukuvara kune vafambi nevatyairi mutsaona. Iwo makuru epamhando mhando ekupaza bvunzo (mhando dzezvinokanganisa):

1. Kutungamira-kurovera - mota inomhanyisa ye55 km / h inopinda muchipingamupinyi chekongiri 1,5 metres pakureba uye inorema matani 1,5. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uongorore mhedzisiro yekurovera neinouya traffic, madziro kana matanda.
2. Kurutivi Rutivi - Ongororo yemhedzisiro yerori kana tsaona yeSUV mune rimwe divi. Imota uye chipingamupinyi chinorema matani 1,5 zvinowedzerwa kumhanya kwe65 km / h, mushure mezvo zvo rovera kurudyi kana kuruboshwe.
3. Kuseri kwekurovera - chipingamupinyi chairema 35 tonnes chinorova mota kumhanya kwe0,95 km / h.
4. Kudhumhana neanofamba netsoka - mota inodonhedza dummy yemunhu kumhanya kwe20, 30 uye 40 km / h.

Kuwanda kwekuedzwa kunoitwa pamotokari uye nekuvandudza mhedzisiro, zvakachengeteka kushandisa mota pasi pemamiriro chaiwo. Mamiriro ekuedzwa anosiyana zvichienderana nesangano rinovaitisa.

Ndiani anoitisa bvunzo dzekudonha

Vagadziri vemotokari uye makambani akazvimirira vanoita bvunzo dzekuputsa. Chekutanga ndechekuziva kushomeka kwemaitiro uye kusakwana kwemuchina kuitira kugadzirisa matambudziko usati watanga kugadzirwa kwemazhinji. Zvakare, kuongorora kwakadai kunotibvumidza kuratidza vatengi kuti mota yakavimbika uye inokwanisa kumira nemitoro inorema uye mamiriro asingafanoonekwi.

Makambani akazvimirira anoita ongororo yekuchengetedza mota kuzivisa vanhu. Sezvo mugadziri achifarira huwandu hwekutengesa, inogona kuviga mhedzisiro yekukanganisa bvunzo bvunzo kana kungotaura nezve paramende anodiwa. Makambani akazvimirira anogona kupa kuongororwa kwechokwadi kwemotokari.

Crash test data inoshandiswa kuunganidza mota chengetedzo ratings. Uye zvakare, ivo vanoverengerwa muhurumende nehurumende inodzora mitumbi kana uchisimbisa mota uye uchiibvuma kuti inotengeswa munyika.

Ruzivo rwunowanikwa rwunotibvumidza isu kunyatsoongorora kuchengetedzeka kweimwe mota. Mukati memotokari makaiswa mamanequin anoteedzera mutyairi nevanofamba. Ivo anoshandiswa kuyera kukomba kwekukuvara uye padanho rekukuvara kune hutano hwevanhu mukurovera.

International Mota Yekutarisa Masangano

Rimwe remasangano ane mukurumbira EuroNCAP - iyo European komiti yekuongorora mota nyowani, kusanganisira iwo mwero wekungoita uye unoshanda chengetedzo, uyo wanga uchishanda kubvira 1997 munyika dzeEU. Iyo kambani inoongorora ruzivo senge sekudzivirirwa kwevatyairi, vanhu vakuru vanofamba nevana, uye vanofamba netsoka. Euro NCAP inoburitsa system yekuyera mota gore rega neyakaenzana nyeredzi shanu.

Imwe shanduro yekambani yeEurope yakabuda muAmerica kubva kuUS National Highway Traffic Safety Administration muna 2007 pasi pezita US'n'CUP... Yakagadzirwa kuti iongorore kuvimbika kwemota uye kuvimba mukuchengeteka kwemutyairi nevafambi. MaAmerican varasa chivimbo mune echinyakare kumberi uye divi kukanganisa maitiro. Kusiyana neEuroNCAP, iyo US'n'CUP mubatanidzwa yakaunza 13-poindi ratidziro system uye yakarongedzwa bvunzo muchimiro chemhando inoratidzira.

MuRussia, chiitiko ichi chinoitwa ARCAP - yekutanga Russian yakazvimiririra chiyero chenguva yekuchengetedza mota. China ine sangano rayo - C-NCAP.

Maitiro ekuputsa bvunzo anoongororwa sei

Kuti uongorore mhedzisiro yekurovera, anokosha madummy anoshandiswa anoteedzera saizi yemunhu wepakati. Kuti ive nekururamisa kukuru, madhimoni akati wandei anoshandiswa, kusanganisira chigaro chemutyairi, kumberi chigaro chemutyairi uye chigaro chemberi chemutyairi. Zvese zvidzidzo zvakasungwa nemabhandi epachigaro, mushure meizvozvo tsaona inoenzanisirwa.

Iine nerubatsiro rweakasarudzika madhijitari, simba rezvakayerwa rinoyerwa uye zvingangoitika mhedzisiro yekurovera zvinofungidzirwa. Zvichienderana nemukana wekukuvara, mota inogamuchira nyeredzi chiyero. Iyo inowedzera mukana wekukuvara kana zvakakomba hutano mhedzisiro, iyo yakaderera mamaki. Iko kuchengetedzeka kwese uye kuvimbika kwemuchina kunoenderana nematanho akadai se:

• kuvapo bhandi, vanyengeri, masimba ekudzivirira;
• kuvapo kwemaairbags evatakuri, mutyairi, pamwe nerutivi;
• kunyanya kuwanda kwemusoro, kukotama nguva yemutsipa, kudzvinyirira chipfuva, nezvimwe.

Pamusoro pezvo, kukanganisika kwemuviri uye mukana wekubuda mumotokari mune yekukurumidzira mamiriro (kuvhura musuwo) kunoongororwa.

Mamiriro ekuedzwa nemitemo

Yese mota bvunzo dzinoitwa zvinoenderana neyakajairwa. Mitemo yekuyedza uye mamiriro ekuongorora anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemitemo yemuno. Semuenzaniso, funga European EuroNCAP inotonga:

• kukanganisika kwepamberi - 40% inopindirana, yakaremara aruminiyamu zinga rinovhara, kumhanya 64 km / h;
• divi zvazvinoita - kumhanya 50 km / h, akaremara chipingamupinyi;
• divi kukanganisa padanda - kumhanyisa 29 km / h, kuongororwa kwekudzivirirwa kwenzvimbo dzese dzemuviri.

Mukurovera, pane chinhu chakadai kusangana... Ichi chiratidzo chinoratidza huwandu hwenzvimbo yekurovera mota ine chipingamupinyi. Semuenzaniso, kana hafu yekumberi ichirova kongiri, kusangana kuri makumi mashanu muzana.

Edza madummies

Iko kuvandudzwa kwema test dummies ibasa rakaoma sezvo mhedzisiro yekuzvimirira kuongororwa kunoenderana nazvo. Izvo zvinogadzirwa zvinoenderana nematanho epasi uye akashongedzerwa nema sensors akadai se:

• musoro accelerometers;
• remuromo kumanikidza Switch;
• ibvi;
• thoracic uye musana accelerometers.

Zviratidzo zvakawanikwa panguva yekurovera zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kufanotaura njodzi dzekukuvara uye kuchengetedzeka kwevafambi chaivo. Muchiitiko ichi, mannequins anogadzirwa zvinoenderana neavhareji zviratidzo: kureba, uremu, hupamhi hwepfudzi. Vamwe vagadziri vanogadzira mannequins ane asina-muyero parameter: kuwandisa, kureba, nepamuviri, nezvimwe.

https://youtu.be/Ltb_pQA6dRc