Ndinofanira kudziya mota yangu muchirimo here?

Imwe yemisoro inonakidza yevatyairi ndeye gakava rekuti iwe unofanirwa kudziyisa injini ye "iron shamwari" yako. Vazhinji vanoda kutenda kuti nzira iyi inofanirwa munguva yechando. Kana iri nguva yekudziya yegore, vatyairi havagone kuwana kubvumirana kuti kudziya kunobatsira kana kwete.

Mota dzemazuva ano dzinomhanya pamhando ina dzemafuta: peturu, dhiziri, gasi nemagetsi, pamwe nekusanganiswa kwayo. Panguva ino mukusimudzira indasitiri yemotokari, mota zhinji dzine peturu kana dhiziri mukati memoto injini.

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa wekupa, mhando mbiri dzepeturu dzemukati dzinopisa injini dzinosiyaniswa:

• carburetor (yakayamwa mukamuri yekupisa ine mutsauko wekumanikidza kana kana compressor ichimhanya);
• jekiseni (electronic system injects the mix using special nozzles).

Injini dzeCarburetor ishanduro yekare yeinjini dzinopisa mukati, zhinji (kana dzisiri dzese) mota dzine peturu dzava nejekiseni.

Kana ari dizeli ICEs, ane dhizaini yakabatana uye anosiyana chete pamberi pe turbocharger. TDI modhi dzakashongedzerwa nebasa iri, nepo HDI neSDI zviri mumhepo mhando michina. Chero zvazvingaitika, injini dzedhiziri hadzina yakakosha system yekubatidza mafuta. Microexplosions, iyo inovimbisa kutanga kwekupisa, inoitika nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwemafuta anokosha edhiziri.

Magetsi emagetsi anoshandisa magetsi kutyaira mota. Havana zvikamu zvinofamba (pistons, carburetors), saka iyo system haidi kudziyirwa.

Carburetor injini dzinoshanda mu 4 kana 2 cycles. Uyezve, maviri-stroke ICEs anonyanya kuiswa pamaketani, scythes, midhudhudhu, nezvimwewo - zvishandiso zvisina mutoro unorema semotokari.

Tacts eimwe denderedzwa rekushanda yemotokari yakajairika

1. Inlet. Chikamu chitsva chemusanganiswa chinopinda muhumburumbira kuburikidza nevhavha inopinza (peturu inosanganiswa muchikamu chinodiwa nemhepo mu carburetor diffuser).
2. Compression. Mavharuvhu ekutora uye ekupera akavharwa, kamuri yekupisa piston inomanikidza musanganiswa.
3. Extension. Musanganiswa wakamanikidzwa unobatidzwa nekupenya kwe spark plug. Iwo magasi anowanikwa mukuita uku anofambisa piston kumusoro, uye inoshandura crankshaft. Izvi zvinobva zvaita kuti mavhiri atenderere.
4. Kusunungurwa. Iyo silinda inocheneswa kubva kune zvinopisa zvigadzirwa kuburikidza neyakavhurika exhaust valve.

Sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo wakareruka wekushanda kwejini inopisa mukati, kushanda kwayo kunovimbisa kushanda kwakarurama kwecarburetor uye kamuri yekupisa. Aya mabhuroko maviri, zvakare, ane akawanda madiki uye epakati nepakati zvikamu zvinogara zvichigoneka kukweshana.

Muchidimbu, musanganiswa wemafuta unovaisa zvakanaka. Uyewo, mafuta anokosha anodururirwa muhurongwa, iyo inodzivirira zvikamu kubva pakuputika. Asi padanho rekubatidza injini yekupisa mukati, zvese zvinongedzo zviri munzvimbo inotonhora uye hazvikwanise kuzadza nzvimbo dzese dzinodiwa nekumhanya kwemheni.

Kudziya injini yekupisa yemukati inoita mabasa anotevera:

• tembiricha yemafuta inokwira uye, semugumisiro, fluidity yayo;
• iyo mhepo ducts ye carburetor inodziya;
• Iyo injini yekupisa yemukati inosvika tembiricha yekushandisa (90 ° C).

Oiri yakanyungudutswa inosvika nyore nyore kona yega yega injini uye kutapurirana, inozora zvikamu uye inoderedza kupokana. Iyo inodziya ICE inomhanya zviri nyore uye zvakanyanya zvakaenzana.

Munguva inotonhora, kana tembiricha inodonha pazasi 0 ° C, kudziyisa iyo carburetor yemukati inopisa injini yakakosha. Iyo yakasimba yechando, iyo inowedzera mafuta uye yakaipisisa inopararira kuburikidza nehurongwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, paunotanga injini yekupisa yemukati, inotanga basa rayo rinenge rakaoma.

Kana iri nguva yekudziya, mafuta ari muhurongwa anodziya zvakanyanya kupfuura munguva yechando. Ndofanira kudziyisa injini ipapo here? Mhinduro inoti hungu pane kwete. Iyo ambient tembiricha haisati yakwanisa kupisa mafuta kusvika padanho rakadaro zvekuti inopararira zvakasununguka muhurongwa.

Musiyano pakati pechando nekupisa kwezhizha unongova munguva yekushanda. Vatyairi vane ruzivo vanopa zano kuti ubatidze injini yekupisa mukati isina basa kwemaminetsi 10-15 pamberi perwendo munguva yechando (zvichienderana nekupisa kwemukati). Muzhizha, 1-1,5 maminitsi achakwana.

Iyo jekiseni yemukati inopisa injini inofambira mberi kupfuura carburetor, sezvo kushandiswa kwemafuta mairi kwakaderera. Zvakare, zvishandiso izvi zvine simba zvakanyanya (paavhareji ne7-10%).

Vagadziri vemotokari mumirayiridzo yemotokari ine jekiseni inoratidza kuti mota idzi hadzidi kudziya muzhizha nechando. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti ambient tembiricha haikanganisi kushanda kwayo.

Zvakadaro, vatyairi vane ruzivo vachiri kuraira kuidziya kwemasekonzi makumi matatu muzhizha, uye ingangoita miniti kana maviri muchando.

Diesel mafuta ane viscosity yakakwira, uye pakudzika kwakadzikama tembiricha, kutanga injini yekutsva kwemukati kunova kwakaoma, tisingarevi kubvongodzwa kwezvikamu zvehurongwa. Kudziya mota yakadaro kune zvinotevera:

• inovandudza kupisa;
• inoderedza mafuta paraffinization;
• inodziya musanganiswa wemafuta;
• inovandudza nozzle atomization.

Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya munguva yechando. Asi vatyairi vane ruzivo vanopa zano kunyangwe muzhizha kuvhura / kudzima maplugs anopenya seti yenguva, izvo zvinopisa imba yekupisa. Izvi hazvisi kungovandudza mashandiro einjini yekupisa mukati, asi zvakare inodzivirira zvikamu zvayo kubva pakupwanya. Izvi zvakanyanya kukosha kumhando dzeICE dzine zita rekuti TDI (turbocharged).

Mukuedza kuchengetedza mafuta, vatyairi vazhinji vanoisa LPG pamotokari dzavo. Kuwedzera kune ese mamwe ma nuances ane chekuita nebasa ravo, pane kusava nechokwadi kana zvichidikanwa kudziya injini yekupisa yemukati usati watyaira.

Seyero, kutanga kusina basa kunoitwa pamafuta epeturu. Asi mapoinzi anotevera anobvumirawo kupisa gasi:

• tembiricha yemhepo inopfuura +5 ° С;
• kushanda kwakazara kweinjini yekupisa yemukati;
• alternating fuel for idling (somuenzaniso, shandisa gasi kamwechete, uye inotevera 1-4 shandisa peturu).

Chinhu chimwe chisingarambiki - muzhizha zvinodikanwa kuti udziye injini yekupisa mukati ichimhanya pagasi.

Kupfupisa ruzivo rwuri pamusoro, tinogona kugumisa kuti zvakakosha kudziya injini dzepeturu, gasi uye turbocharged dizeli injini muzhizha. Injector nemagetsi zvinokwanisa kushanda zvakanaka mumwaka wekudziya uye pasina kudziya.