Chinangwa uye musimboti wekushanda kweakanyanya otomatiki ekutumira maseru

Kufambisa otomatiki kwemotokari kunodzorwa neelectro-hydraulic system. Iyo chaiyo maitiro ekuchinja magiya mukutenderera otomatiki kunoitika nekuda kwekumanikidza kwemvura inoshanda, uye iyo yemagetsi control unit inodzora mashandiro enzira uye inogadzirisa kuyerera kwemvura inoshanda uchishandisa mavhavha. Panguva yekushanda, iyo yekupedzisira inogamuchira ruzivo rwakakosha kubva kuma sensors anoverenga mirairo yemutyairi, kumhanya kwazvino kwemotokari, mutoro webasa painjini, pamwe nekupisa uye kumanikidza kwemvura inoshanda.

Mhando uye musimboti wekushanda kwe otomatiki hutachiona maseru

Chinangwa chikuru che otomatiki hutachiona hwekudzivirira hutachiona hunogona kunzi kutsunga kwenguva kwayo chaiyo iyo shanduko yegiya inofanira kuitika. Kune izvi, akawanda ma parameter anofanirwa kutarisirwa. Dhizaini dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzerwa neanodzora chirongwa chinobvumidza iwe kusarudza iyo yakakodzera modhi zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda uye yazvino nzira yekutyaira yemota, yakatemwa nema sensors.

Mukutenderera otomatiki, iwo akakosha masipisi ekumhanya (kusimudzira kumhanya pane yekuisa uye yekubuda shafts yegearbox), kumanikidza uye tembiricha sensors yemvura inoshanda uye yakasarudzika nzvimbo sensor (inhibitor). Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine dhizaini uye chinangwa. Ruzivo kubva kune mamwe ma sensors emota anogona zvakare kushandiswa.

Selector chinzvimbo chinonzwa

Kana chinzvimbo cheiyo giya inosarudza chashandurwa, chinzvimbo chayo chitsva chakagadziriswa neakasarudzika chinzvimbo chinosarudza chinzwa. Iyo yakagamuchirwa data inopfuudzwa kune yemagetsi control unit (kazhinji inoparadzaniswa nekutengesa otomatiki, asi panguva imwechete iine kubatana nemota injini ECU), iyo inotanga inoenderana zvirongwa. Izvi zvinoshandisa iyo hydraulic system zvinoenderana neyakasarudzwa nzira yekutyaira ("P (N)", "D", "R" kana "M"). Iyi sensor inowanzo kutaurwa se "inhibitor" mumabhuku emota. Kazhinji, iyo sensor iri pane iyo gear sarudza shaft, inovawo iri pasi pehood yemotokari. Dzimwe nguva, kuti uwane ruzivo, zvakabatana nechairi dhizaini ye spool yekusarudza modhi dzekutyaira mumuviri wevhavha.

Iyo otomatiki yekufambisa sarudza chinzvimbo chinonzwa inogona kunzi "multifunctional", sezvo chiratidzo chinobva pairi chinoshandiswa zvakare kuvhenekera kumashure magetsi, pamwe nekudzora mashandiro eiyo starter drive mu "P" uye "N" modes. Kune akawanda magadzirirwo ema sensors anoona chinzvimbo cheanosarudza lever. Pamwoyo weiyo yakasarudzika sensor wedunhu pane potentiometer inoshandura kuramba kwayo zvichienderana nechinzvimbo chemusarudzo lever. Nechimiro, iyo seti yemapuratifti anodzvinyirira paanofamba nechinhu chinofambisa (chinotsvedza), icho chinofambidzana nesarudzo. Zvichienderana nechinzvimbo chinotsvedza, kushorwa kweiyo sensor kuchachinja, uye nekudaro iro remhepo inobuda. Zvese izvi zviri mune isina-kuparadzaniswa dzimba. Kana paine kusagadzikana, iyo sarudza chinzvimbo chinonzwa chinogona kucheneswa nekuchizarura nekuboora rivets. Nekudaro, zvinonetsa kumisikidza iyo inhibitor yekudzokorora mashandiro, saka zviri nyore kungoitsiva isina kukwana sensor.

Speed ​​sensor

Sezvo mutemo, mairi maviri ekumhanyisa maseru akaiswa mune otomatiki hutachiona Imwe inorekodha kumhanya kweiyo yekuisa (yekutanga) shaft, yechipiri inoyerera kumhanya kweinobuda shaft (yemberi-vhiri rekutyaira giya bhokisi, uku ndiko kumhanya kwekusiyanisa giya). Otomatiki hutachiwana ECU inoshandisa kuverenga kweiyo yekutanga sensor kuona yazvino injini mutoro uye sarudza rakanakira giya. Iyo data kubva kune yechipiri sensor inoshandiswa kudzora mashandiro eiyo gearbox: kunyatsoita sei mirairo yeyuniti yuniti yakaitwa uye chaizvo iro giya raidiwa rakavhurwa.

Nechimiro, iyo yekumhanyisa sensor is a magnetic proximity sensor inoenderana nemhedzisiro yeHoro. Iyo sensor ine ine zvachose magineti uye Horo IC, iri mune yakavharirwa dzimba. Inoona iko kutenderera kumhanya kwemamota uye inogadzira mameseji muchimiro cheA AC pulses. Kuona mashandiro eiyo sensor, pane inonzi sha "impulse vhiri" yakaiswa pane shaft, iyo ine yakatarwa nhamba yekuchinjana protrusions uye depressions (kazhinji iri basa rinoitwa neyakajairwa giya). Nheyo yekushanda kweiyo sensor ndeinotevera: kana gino zino kana protrusion yevhiri ichipfuura neiyo sensor, iyo magineti inogadzirwa nayo inochinja uye, zvinoenderana neiyo Horo mhedzisiro, chiratidzo chemagetsi chinogadzirwa. Ipapo inoshandurwa uye inotumirwa kuchikamu chekutonga. Chiratidzo chakaderera chinoenderana nechimwiro uye chiratidzo chepamusoro kubheji.

Iko kusakosha kukuru kwekuita kwakadai iko kuora mwoyo kwenyaya uye oxidation yeavo vanobatana navo. Hunhu hunhu ndewekuti sensor iyi haigone "kubviswa" nemultimeter.

Zvishoma pane zvakajairika, inductive yekumhanyisa sensors inogona kushandiswa seyekumhanyisa sensors. Nheyo yekushanda kwavo ndeinotevera: kana giya reiyo yekufambisa giya ichipfuura nemumagineti yeseneti, mhepo inomuka mune iyo coil yekunzwa, iyo inopfuudzwa muchimiro chechiratidzo kune chinodzora unit. Iyo yekupedzisira, tichifunga huwandu hwemazino egiya, inoverenga kumhanya kwazvino. Kutaridzika, iyo inductive sensor inotaridzika yakafanana neiyo Horo sensor, asi ine musiyano wakakura muchiratidzo chechiratidzo (analogog) nemamiriro ekushanda - haishandisi rejereti voltage, asi inogadzira yakazvimiririra nekuda kwenzvimbo yemagineti induction. Iyi sensor inogona "ringed".

Kushanda fluid tembiricha sensor

Iyo tembiricha mwero wekutapudza kwemvura ine chakakosha mhedzisiro pane kushanda kweiyo kukweshera kwetsvimbo. Naizvozvo, kuchengetedza kubva pakupisa, otomatiki hutachiona tembiricha sensor inowanikwa mune ino sisitimu. Iyo thermistor (thermistor) uye inoumbwa nedzimba uye chinhu chekuona. Iyo yekupedzisira inogadzirwa ne semiconductor iyo inoshandura kuramba kwayo pane akasiyana tembiricha. Iyo chiratidzo kubva kune iyo sensor inopfuudzwa kune otomatiki hutachiona hwekutonga unit. Sezvo mutemo, iko kutsamira kunoenderana kwemhepo pane tembiricha. Kuverengwa kwema sensor kunogona kuwanikwa chete uchishandisa yakakosha yekuongorora scanner.

Iyo yekushisa tembiricha inogona kuiswa mune yekufambisa kesi, asi kazhinji kazhinji iyo yakavakirwa mukati meiyo wiring harness mukati me otomatiki kutapurirana. Kana iyo inotenderwa tembiricha yekushanda yakapfuurwa, iyo ECU inogona kumanikidza kudzikisa simba, kusvika kuchinjiso chegiya bhokisi kuenda ku emergency mode.

Pressure mita

Kuti uone chiyero chekutenderera kwemvura inoshanda mune otomatiki kutapurirana, yekumanikidza sensor inogona kupihwa mune ino sisitimu. Panogona kuve akati wandei (ematanho akasiyana). Chiyero chinoitwa nekushandura kumanikidza kwemvura inoshanda kuva masaini emagetsi, ayo anopihwa iyo yemagetsi control unit yeiyo gearbox.

Kumanikidza maseru emhando mbiri:

• Discrete - gadzirisa kutsauka kwenzira dzekushandisa kubva pane yakatarwa kukosha. Munguva yekushanda kwese, vanobatana ne sensor vanobatana. Kana kumanikidza kuri panzvimbo yekumisikidza sensor kuri kuderera pane kwaidikanwa, iyo yekufona inosangana yakavhurika, uye otomatiki yekufambisa hutongi unit inogamuchira inoenderana chiratidzo uye inotumira rairo yekuwedzera kumanikidza.
• Analog - inoshandura iyo yekumanikidza chiyero kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi cheiyo inoenderana saizi. Inonzwisisika zvinhu zvema sensors akadaro anokwanisa kushandura kuramba kubva padanho rekushomeka pasi pesimba rekumanikidzwa.

Anobatsira maseru e otomatiki kufambisa kutonga

Kuwedzera kune huru sensors dzakanangana zvakananga negearbox, yemagetsi control unit inogona zvakare kushandisa ruzivo rwunowanikwa kubva kune zvimwe zviwanikwa. Sezvo mutemo, aya anotevera sensors:

• Brake pedal sensor - chiratidzo chayo chinoshandiswa kana musarudzo akavharirwa munzvimbo ye "P".
• Gesi rinosimudzira chinzvimbo sensor - yakaiswa mune yemagetsi accelerator chitiviri. Izvo zvinodiwa kuti utarise yazvino dhiraidhi modhi chikumbiro kubva kumutyairi.
• Throttle Position Sensor - Inowanikwa mumuviri wekupenga. Iyo chiratidzo kubva kune ino sensor inoratidza iko ikozvino kushanda mutoro weinjini uye inokonzeresa kusarudzwa kweakanaka magiya.

Iyo seti ye otomatiki yekufambisa maseru inovimbisa iyo chaiyo kushanda uye nyaradzo panguva yekushanda kwemotokari. Muchiitiko chekukanganisa kwema sensor, iyo balance yeiyo system inovhiringidzwa, uye mutyairi anobva aziviswa ipapo neiyo-pabhodhi yekuongorora system (ndokuti, inoenderana "kukanganisa" kunovhenekera pane iyo sisitimu yezviridzwa). Kuregeredza kusashanda kwemasaini kunogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akakomba muzvinhu zvikuru zvemotokari, nekudaro, kana paine chero malfunctions akawanikwa, zvinokurudzirwa kuti ubate pakarepo sevhisi yakasarudzika.