Pressure tank - njanji, kudzvanya regulator, crankshaft uye camshaft kudzvanywa uye tembiricha sensor

High pressure fuel tank (njanji - jekiseni distributor - njanji)

Inoita seyakanyanya kumanikidza huni yekuunganidza uye panguva imwechete inoderedza kusimba kwekuchinja (kuchinja-chinja) kunoitika kana pombi yakakwenya yakakwenya mafuta uye ichigara ichivhura nekuvhara majekiseni. Naizvozvo, inofanirwa kunge iine huwandu hwakaringana kudzikamisa uku kushanduka, kune rimwe divi, iri vhoriyamu harifanirwe kunge rakakura kwazvo kuti rikurumidze kuumba rinodzvinyirirwa rinogara riripo mushure mekutanga kwekutanga-kusinganetsi kutanga uye kushanda kweinjini. Simulation kuverenga kunoshandiswa kukwidziridza iro rinoguma vhoriyamu. Huwandu hwemafuta hwakabayiwa muma cylinders anogara achizadziswazve munjanji nekuda kwekuwanikwa kwemafuta kubva kupombi yekumanikidza. Iyo yakanyanya kumanikidza mafuta kumanikidza inoshandiswa kuzadzisa iyo yekuchengetedza mhedzisiro. Kana mamwe mafuta akazobuditswa kunze kwechitima, kumanikidza kunoramba kuri kungogara kuripo.

Rimwe basa rekumanikidza tangi - rails - ndeyekupa mafuta kune majekiseni emasilinda ega. Dhizaini yetangi mhedzisiro yekubvumirana pakati pezviviri zvinopokana zvinodiwa: ine chimiro chakareba (spherical kana tubular) zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa kweinjini nenzvimbo yayo. Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, tinogona kupatsanura matangi kuita mapoka maviri: forged uye laser welded. Dhizaini yavo inofanirwa kubvumidza kuiswa kwenjanji yekumanikidza sensor uye inodzikamisa acc. pressure control valve. Ivhavhavha yekudzora inogadzirisa kudzvinyirira kune kukosha kunodiwa, uye vheji inodzivirira inogadzirisa kudzvinyirira chete kune iyo yakawanda inobvumirwa kukosha. Mafuta akadzvanywa anopihwa kuburikidza neiyo yakanyanya kudzvanywa mutsara kuburikidza neinopinza. Inobva yagovewa kubva padhibha kuenda kumipfumbu, nemuromo wega wega uine gwara rayo.

1 - high pressure tank (rail), 2 - simba rinobva papombi yepamusoro, 3 - mafuta ekumanikidza sensor, 4 - kuchengetedza valve, 5 - kudzoka kwemafuta, 6 - kuyerera kwemvura, 7 - pipeline kune majekiseni.

Pressure rekuyamura vharafu

Seizvo zita rinoratidzira, vharuvhu yekumanikidza yekumanikidza ino ganhurira kumanikidza kune iyo yepamusoro inotenderwa kukosha. Iyo vharuvhu vharuvhu inoshanda chete pane zvemuchina hwaro. Iine kuvhura padivi pechisungo chechitima, icho chakavharwa nemucheto wekutetepa wepiston pachigaro. Pakushanda kwekumanikidza, iyo pisitoni inomanikidzwa kupinda muchigaro nechitubu. Kana huwandu hwekuwedzera kwemafuta hwapfuura, simba rematsutso rakapfuudzwa uye pisitoni ikasundidzirwa kunze kwechigaro. Nekudaro, mafuta akawandisa anoyerera kuburikidza nemakomba ekuyerera achidzokera kune akawanda uye achienda kutangi remafuta. Izvi zvinodzivirira chishandiso kubva mukuparadzwa nekuda kwekukwira kukuru kwekumanikidza muchiitiko chekutadza kushanda. Mune maazvino vhezheni yeanorambidza vharuvhu, basa rekukurumidzira rakabatanidzwa, nekuda kwekuti kushomeka kushoma kunochengetwa kunyangwe paine gomba rakavhurika rekudonha, uye mota inogona kufamba nezvirambidzo.

1 - kugovera chiteshi, 2 - cone valve, 3 - kuyerera maburi, 4 - piston, 5 - compression chitubu, 6 - kumira, 7 - vharafu muviri, 8 - mafuta kudzoka.

Kuyerera kurambidza

Ichi chikamu chinosungirirwa pane tangi yekumanikidza uye mafuta anoyerera kuburikidza nawo kune majekiseni. Nozzle imwe neimwe ine yayo yekuyerera restrictor. Chinangwa chekuyerera chinodzora ndechekudzivirira kubuda kwemafuta muchiitiko chekutadza kwejekiseni. Iyi ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu kana kushandiswa kwemafuta kweimwe yeinjection inodarika iyo yakawanda inobvumirwa mari yakatarwa nemugadziri. Zvimiro, chinomisikidza chinoyerera chine muviri wesimbi une tambo mbiri, imwe yekumisikidza patangi, uye imwe yekupusha pombi yekumanikidza yakakwira kumanozzles. Iyo piston iri mukati inotsikirirwa patangi remafuta nechitubu. Anoedza nepaanogona napo kuti chiteshi chirambe chakavhurika. Panguva yekushanda kwejekiseni, kudzvinyirirwa kunodonha, izvo zvinofambisa piston kune imwe nzvimbo, asi haina kuvhara zvachose. Kana iyo nozzle ikashanda nemazvo, kudonha kwekumanikidza kunoitika munguva pfupi, uye chitubu chinodzosera piston panzvimbo yayo yepakutanga. Muchiitiko chekushaya simba, kana kushandiswa kwemafuta kunodarika kukosha kwakaiswa, kudonha kwemhepo kunopfuurira kusvikira kudarika simba rechitubu. Ipapo piston inozorora pachigaro padivi rekubuda uye inoramba iri munzvimbo iyi kusvika injini yamira. Izvi zvinovhara mafuta ekugovera kune injector yakakundikana uye inodzivirira kusadzora kudonha kwemafuta mukamuri yekupisa. Nekudaro, iyo mafuta inoyerera inomisikidza inoshandawo kana paine kusashanda kana paine kudonha kushoma kwemafuta. Panguva ino, piston inodzoka, asi kwete panzvimbo yayo yepakutanga uye mushure meimwe nguva - nhamba yejekiseni inosvika pachigadziko uye inomisa kugovera kwemafuta kune yakakanganisika nozzle kusvikira injini yadzima.

1 - rack yekubatanidza, 2 - yekuvhara kuisa, 3 - piston, 4 - compression spring, 5 - imba, 6 - kubatana nemajekiseni.

Mafuta emagetsi anonzwa

Iyo yekumanikidza sensor inoshandiswa nejini control unit kuti inyatso kuona kudzvanywa kwepakarepo mutangi remafuta. Zvichienderana nekukosha kwekuyerwa kwakayerwa, sensor inogadzira chiratidzo chemagetsi, icho chinozoongororwa neiyo control unit. Chikamu chinonyanya kukosha che sensor ndiyo diaphragm, iyo iri pamagumo emugero wekupa uye inomanikidzwa nemafuta anopiwa. Iyo semiconductor element inoiswa pa membrane sechinhu chinonzwa. Iyo inonzwa element ine elastic resistors inopfungaira pa diaphragm mukubatanidza bhiriji. Chiyero chekuyera chinotarirwa nehupamhi hwe diaphragm (iyo yakakora iyo diaphragm, iyo yakakwirira kumanikidza). Kuisa dzvinyiriro kune membrane kuchaita kuti ikotame (inenge 20-50 micrometers pa150 MPa) uye nokudaro kushandura kupikisa kwe elastic resistors. Kana kupikisa kuchichinja, mhepo yedunhu inoshanduka kubva 0 kusvika 70 mV. Iyi magetsi inobva yawedzerwa munharaunda yekuongorora kusvika kune 0,5 kusvika 4,8 V. Mhepo yemagetsi ye sensor ndeye 5 V. Muchidimbu, chinhu ichi chinoshandura deformation kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi, iyo inogadziriswa - yakasimudzwa uye kubva ipapo inoenda. kune iyo control unit yekuongororwa, uko kudzvanywa kwemafuta kunoverengerwa uchishandisa yakachengetwa curve. Muchiitiko chekutsauka, inogadziriswa nevhavha yekudzivirira. Dzvinyiriro inenge isingachinji uye yakasununguka pamutoro nekumhanya.

1 - magetsi ekubatanidza, 2 - evaluation circuit, 3 - diaphragm ine sensing element, 4 - high pressure fitting, 5 - mounting thread.

Fuel pressure regulator - control valve

Sezvatotaurwa, zvakakosha kuchengetedza kunenge kusingadzoreki kumanikidzika mune yakamanikidzwa mafuta tangi, pasinei nekutakura, injini yekukurumidza, nezvimwewo. mafuta akawandisa anotungamirirwa mutsara wekudzoka kune tangi yemafuta. Sezvineiwo, kana kudzvinyirirwa mune tangi yemafuta kudonha, vharafu inovhara uye pombi inovaka inodiwa mafuta anomanikidza. Iyo mafuta pressure regulator inowanikwa pane jekiseni pombi kana pane tangi yemafuta. Ivhavha yekudzora inoshanda mumamodhi maviri, vharafu iri kana kudzima. Mune inosashanda mode, iyo solenoid haina simba uye nekudaro solenoid haina mhedzisiro. Bhora revhavha rinotsikirirwa pachigaro chete nechisimba chechitubu, kuoma kwaro kunoenderana nekumanikidzwa kweanenge 10 MPa, iyo ndiyo yekuvhura kudzvanywa kwemafuta. Kana magetsi emagetsi akaiswa kune electromagnet coil - ikozvino, inotanga kushanda pane armature pamwe chete nechitubu uye inovhara valve nekuda kwekumanikidza bhora. Ivhavha inovhara kusvikira chiyero chasvika pakati pemafuta ekumanikidza mauto kune rumwe rutivi uye solenoid uye chitubu kune rumwe rutivi. Inobva yavhura uye inochengetedza dzvinyiriro yenguva dzose padanho rinodiwa. Iyo control unit inopindura kudzvinyiriro yekuchinja kunokonzerwa, kune rumwe rutivi, nekuchinjika kwehuwandu hwemafuta akapihwa uye kubviswa kwemanozzles, nekuvhura valve yekudzora nenzira dzakasiyana. Kuti uchinje kudzvinyirira, zvishoma kana kupfuura ikozvino inoyerera kuburikidza ne solenoid (chiito chayo chinowedzera kana kuderera), uye naizvozvo bhora rinowedzera kana kushoma kusundwa muchigaro chevhavha. Chizvarwa chekutanga njanji yakajairwa yakashandisa kudzvanywa kwevharuvhu DRV1, chizvarwa chechipiri uye chechitatu iyo DRV2 kana DRV3 vharafu inoiswa pamwe chete neye metering mudziyo. Kutenda kune maviri-nhanho regulation, kune kushoma kupisa kwemafuta, izvo zvisingadi kuwedzera kutonhora mune yakawedzera mafuta inotonhorera.

1 - bhora vharafu, 2 - solenoid armature, 3 - solenoid, 4 - chitubu.

Temperature sensors

Tembiricha yekupisa inoshandiswa kuyera tembiricha yeinjini zvichibva pane inotonhorera tembiricha, kudya kwakapetwa kwakawanda tembiricha yemhepo, tembiricha yemafuta enjini mudunhu rekuzora, uye tembiricha yemafuta mumutsetse wemafuta. Iyo yekuyera nheyo yemaseru aya shanduko mukushomeka kwemagetsi kunokonzerwa nekukwira kwetembiricha. Yadzo magetsi emagetsi e5 V inoshandurwa nekushandura kuramba, ndokushandurwa mudhijitari inoshandura kubva kuchiratidzo cheanalogog kuenda kune yeanadhijidhi. Ipapo chiratidzo ichi chinotumirwa kuchikamu chekutonga, icho chinoverenga tembiricha yakakodzera zvinoenderana nehunhu hwakapihwa.

Crankshaft chinzvimbo uye nekukurumidza sensor

Iyi sensor inoona iyo chaiyo nzvimbo uye inokonzeresa injini kumhanya paminiti. Iyo inductive Horo sensor iyo iri pane crankshaft. Iyo sensor inotumira chiratidzo chemagetsi kuchikamu chekutonga, chinoongorora kukosha uku kwemagetsi emagetsi, semuenzaniso, kutanga (kana kupera) jekiseni remafuta, nezvimwewo. Kana iyo sensor isingashande, injini haizotanga.

Camshaft chinzvimbo uye nekukurumidza sensor

Iyo camshaft yekumhanyisa sensor inoshanda yakafanana neiyo crankshaft yekumhanyisa sensor uye inoshandiswa kuona kuti ndeipi piston iri kumusoro kwakafa centre. Ichi chokwadi chinodiwa kuti uone nguva chaiyo yekubatidza kweinjini dzepeturu. Uye zvakare, inoshandiswa kuongorora nguva yekutsvedza kwebhandi kana kusvetuka kwecheni uye kana uchitanga injini, kana injini yekudzora unit inosarudza kushandisa iyi sensor kuti iyo yese crank-coupling-piston mechanism inotenderera sei pakutanga. Panyaya yeinjini neVVT, inoshanduka yevhavha nguva inoshandiswa kuongorora kushanda kweiyo variator. Injini inogona kuvapo pasina iyi sensor, asi crankshaft speed sensor inodiwa, uye ipapo camshaft uye crankshaft kasi yakakamurwa muchiyero che 1: 2. Muchiitiko chejini injini, iyi sensor inongotora basa rekutanga pakutanga. -up, kuudza ECU (control unit), iyo piston inotanga kumusoro yakafa centre (iyo piston iri pakumanikidzika kana kupera simba paunenge uchienda kunzvimbo yepamusoro yakafa). pakati). Izvi zvinogona kunge zvisiri pachena kubva kune crankshaft chinzvimbo sensor pakutanga-kumusoro, asi injini ichimhanya, ruzivo rwakagamuchirwa kubva kune iyi sensor rwakatokwana. Nekuda kweizvi, injini yedhiziri ichiri kuziva nzvimbo yepistoni uye sitiroko yavo, kunyange kana sensor iri pacamshaft ikakundikana. Kana sensor iyi ikatadza, mota haizotanga kana kutora nguva yakareba kuti itange. Sezvakaitika pakutadza kwe sensor pane crankshaft, pano iyo injini yekudzora mwenje wenyevero pane chiridzwa chinovhenekera. Kazhinji iyo inonzi inonzi Hall sensor.