Chii chinonzi injini yemoto yemukati inokwanisa?

Kana zvasvika kuKoenigsegg, zvese zvinoita kunge zvinobva kune imwe nyika. Iyo itsva modhi yeSwedish brand inonzi Gemera haina kusiyana neyakagadzirwa iyi - ine-seater GT modhi ine hybrid drive, system simba re1700 hp, kumhanya kwepamusoro kwe400 km / h uye kukurumidza kusvika 100 km / h mu1,9. seconds. Kunyangwe ma supercars haasisiri mashoma munyika yanhasi, iyo Gemera ichine zvimwe zvinosiyana. Uye iyo inonyanya kusiyanisa yeaya maficha injini yemotokari.

Koenigsegg inoidana iyo Tiny Friendly Giant, kana TNG kwenguva pfupi. Uye pane chikonzero - TFG ine displacement marita maviri, matatu silinda (!), turbocharger maviri uye 600 hp. ku300hp parita, chikwata ichi chinowana simba guru rakambopihwa neinjini yekugadzira. Iyo kambani inotaura kuti maererano nehunyanzvi, iyo TFG "iri pamberi peimwe matatu-cylinder injini pamusika nhasi." Muchokwadi, ivo vakarurama chaizvo - inotevera matatu-cylinder injini ndiyo 268 hp inoshandiswa neToyota muGR Yaris.

Iyo yakanyanya kujairika tekinoroji muTFG ndiyo camless valve timing system. Pane kudaro, injini inoshandisa hurongwa hwakagadzirwa neKoenigsegg subsidiary Freevalve, ine pneumatic actuators yevharuvhu yega yega.

Muchokwadi, "hofori diki ine hushamwari" yakagadzirirwa zvakananga Gemera. Iyo kambani yeSweden yaida kugadzira chimwe chinhu chakaumbana, chakareruka, asi chine simba. Uye zvakare, iyo yakazara dhizaini dhizaini dhizaini yachinja uye, kusiyana neGegera Regera hybrid, mazhinji emagetsi anopiwa nemagetsi emagetsi. Injini yekutsva ine mupiro wekuwedzera pakutyaira uye kuchaja mabhatiri.

Vakafunga zvakawanda vasati vafunga kuvaka matatu-humburumbira injini muKönigsegg. Nekudaro, sarudzo yakadaro haizoitwe isinganzwisisike mumotokari yakasarudzika. Zvakangodaro, kutsvaga kwehunhu hwakadai sekuumbana uye kureruka kunokunda uye kunotungamira mukugadzirwa kweinjini yakanyanyisa pasi rese, maererano nerita kwete chete, asiwo "humburumbira".

Iyo injini yekugadzirisa, zvisinei, ine masilinda akakura uye inonzwika inobata, ine yakajairika yakaderera-frequency timbre yematatu-cylinder injini, asi zvakanyanya kufema. MuKristu von Koenigsegg, muvambi wekambani, akati nezvake: "Fungidzira Harley, asi ine silinda yakasiyana." Kunyangwe iine chibobo chakakura che95mm uye sitiroko ye93,5mm, iyo TFG inoda yakakwira revs. Simba rayo guru rinosvika pa7500 rpm uye tachometer red zone inotanga pa8500 rpm. Pano, alchemy ine zvinhu zvinodhura zvinopa chiedza (kumhanya) uye simba (kunyanya kudzvinyirira kwekugadzirisa kupisa). Naizvozvo, kumhanya kwakakwira kunoperekedzwa neasingadaviriki torque ye600 Nm.

Cascade turbocharging

Mhinduro kumubvunzo wekuti sei maviri turbocharger anogona kubatanidzwa mune matatu-cylinder configuration ndiyo cascade. Iyo yakafanana sisitimu yakashandisa iyo iconic Porsche 80 mu959s, iyo ine zvakafanana sezvo maviri matatu-cylinder injini dzakazadzwa nediki uye hombe turbocharger. Zvisinei, TFG ine dudziro itsva panyaya iyi. Imwe neimwe yemasilinda ejini ine mavharuvhu maviri ekupera, imwe ine basa rekuzadza iyo diki turbocharger, uye imwe kune yakakura turbocharger. Pamarevs akaderera uye mitoro, mavharuvhu matatu chete anodyisa magasi kune diki turbocharger yakavhurika. Pa 3000 rpm, mavharuvhu echipiri anotanga kuzarura, achitungamirira magasi mu turbocharger huru. Zvisinei, injini yakanyanyisa-tech zvokuti maererano nemiganhu yayo, kunyange mu "atmospheric" version, inogona kusvika 280 hp. Chikonzero chiri mune imwecheteyo Freevalve valve tekinoroji. Chimwe chezvikonzero nei injini ye2000 cc CM ine masilinda matatu, inyaya yekuti matatu-cylinder injini inoshanda zvakanyanya maererano ne turbocharging, sezvo pasina kupindirana kunyorovesa kwegasi pulsations, senge ina-cylinder injini.

Uye pneumatic kuvhura mavharuvhu

Kutenda kune Freevalve system, yega yega valve inofamba yega. Inogona kuvhurwa yakazvimiririra ine yakatarwa nguva, kutanga torque uye sitiroko. Pamutoro wakaderera, imwe chete inovhura, ichibvumira kuyerera kwemhepo uye nani kusanganisa mafuta. Nekuda kwekugona kunyatso kudzora yega yega mavharuvhu, hapana chikonzero chevhavhavhavha, uye imwe neimwe yemasilinda inogona kudzimwa kana zvichidikanwa (mune chikamu chekutakura modes). Iko kuchinjika kwekushanda kunobvumira iyo TFG kuti ichinje kubva kune yakajairwa Otto kuenda kuMiller kushanda nekuwedzera basa kutenderera uye kugona kwakanyanya. Uye iyi haisi iyo inonyanya kufadza - nerubatsiro rwe "kuvhuvhuta" kubva kune turbo units, injini inogona kuchinja kune maviri-stroke mode kusvika anenge 3000 rpm. Maererano naChristian von Koenigseg pa6000 rpm mune iyi modhi inonzwika senge matanhatu-cylinder. Zvisinei, pa3000 rpm, chigadziro chinoshandura kudzokera kune mana-stroke mode nokuti hapana nguva yakakwana yekutsinhanisa gasi nekumhanya kukuru.

Artificial Intelligence

Kune rimwe divi, Koenigsegg ari kushanda nekambani yekuAmerican yekuchenjera kambani SparkCognition, iyo inovandudza yekunyepedzera manejimendi software yeFreevalve injini senge TFG. Nekufamba kwenguva, iyo sisitimu inodzidza maitiro ekushandisa zvakanyanya mavhavha uye nzira dzakasiyana dzekuitisa iyo yekutsva maitiro. Iyo yekudzvanya sisitimu uye yeFreevalve system inokutendera iwe kuti uchinje vhoriyamu uye matauriro einjini nekuvhurika kwakasiyana kwemavha emagetsi. Izvo zvakare zvine basa rekukwanisa kudziisa injini nekukurumidza uye kudzikisa mweya. Kutenda kune yemagetsi mota-jenareta pane yakadzika kwazvo tembiricha, iyo crankshaft injini inotenderera kweanosvika gumi macircule (10 masekondi), panguva iyo tembiricha yemhepo yakadzvanywa mumakirindiri inosvika makumi matatu madhigirii. Munguva yekupisa, vharuvhu yekukweva inovhura nekamwe sitiroko uye kutenderera kwemhepo uye mafuta kunoitika kutenderedza vharuvhu yekupedza, izvo zvinovandudza kubuda kwemvura.

Mafuta anoitawo mupiro wakakosha pakuwana yakakwira injini simba. Kutaura zvazviri, TFG iFlex Fuel injini, kureva kuti, inogona kushanda pane zvose peturu uye doro (ethanol, butanol, methanol) uye musanganiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Mamorekuru edoro ane okisijeni uye nokudaro anopa izvo zvinodiwa kupisa chikamu chehydrocarbon. Zvechokwadi, izvi zvinoreva kushandiswa kwemafuta akakwirira, asi inopiwa nyore nyore kupfuura yakawanda yemhepo. Doro rinosanganiswa rinopawo nzira yekupisa yakachena uye zvinhu zvishoma zvinoburitswa panguva yekupisa. Uye kana ethanol yakabviswa kubva mumiti, inogona kupawo carbon-neutral process. Paunenge uchimhanya pa peturu, injini simba ndeye 500 hp. Yeuka kuti kutonga kwekupisa muTFG kwakakwirira-tekinoroji zvekuti inokwanisa kuburitsa zvinenge zvakanyanyisa kubva pamafuta pasina detonation - iyo yakanyanya neuralgic combustion zone pane yakanyanya turbo pressure. Iyo chaiyo yakasarudzika ine 9,5: 1 compression ratio uye yakanyanya kuzadza kumanikidza. Isu tinogona kungofungidzira kuti chaizvo iyo silinda yemusoro yakanamirwa sei kubhuroka, uye simba rekupedzisira, kupihwa hukuru hwekushanda kweiyo nzira yekupisa, kusvika pamwero wakati izvi zvinogona kutsanangura kuvepo kweakatenderera, makoramu-akafanana maumbirwo mukuvaka kwayo. .

Ehezve, iyo yakaoma Freevalve system inodhura kupfuura zvakajairika mechina vharuvhu mactuator, asi mashoma mbishi zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa kuvaka injini, izvo zvingangobvisa zvese mutengo uye huremu. Nekudaro, zvakazara, mutengo weiyo yepamusoro-tekinoroji TFG hafu iyo yekambani sere-humburumbira mashanu-litita turbocharger.

Yakasarudzika Gemera drive

Iyo yakasara yeGemera drivetrain zvakare yakasarudzika uye quirky. Iyo TFG iri kuseri kwenzvimbo yemutakurwi uye inofambisa ekisero yepamberi ichishandisa yakasarudzika yakananga dhiraivha system isina magearbox, asi iine maviri emagetsi ekubatisa pane imwe axle. Iyo sisitimu inodaidzwa kuti HydraCoup uye pane imwe nhanho ma hydraulic clutches akavharwa uye anotyairwa zvakananga. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti injini yemoto inosanganisirwa yakanangana nemagetsi-jenareta anokwanisa kusvika mazana mana hp. simba zvichiteerana kusvika ku400 Nm.

Iyo HydraCoup inoshandura huwandu hwe1100 Nm TFG uye mota yemagetsi, yakapetwa kaviri torque kusvika 3000 rpm. Kuwedzerwa kune zvese izvi torque yeimwe neimwe yemagetsi maviri emagetsi anotyaira vhiri rimwe rekumashure ne500 hp. imwe neimwe uye, saizvozvo, 1000 Nm. Saka, iyo yakazara system simba ndeye 1700 hp. Imwe neimwe yemagetsi mota ine voltage ye800 volts. Bhatiri remotokari rakasiyanawo. Iine magetsi e800 volts uye simba re 15 kWh chete, ine simba rekubudisa (kubuda) kwe900 kW uye simba rekutengesa re200 kW. Imwe neimwe yemasero ayo anodzorwa ega maererano netembiricha, mamiriro emutero, "hutano", uye iwo ese akabatanidzwa mune yakajairika kabhoni muviri, iri munzvimbo yakachengeteka - pasi pezvigaro zvemberi uye mugero-aramid drive tunnel. Zvose izvi zvinoreva kuti mushure mekuwedzera kwakasimba, motokari inofanira kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kwekanguva kuitira kuti TFG ichaja bhatiri.

Ese marongero asina kujairika anoenderana nefilosofi yepakati-injini mota kambani. Koenigsegg haina hurongwa hwemotokari yemagetsi yakachena nekuti vanotenda kuti tekinoroji munzvimbo ino haina budiriro uye inoita kuti motokari dziremedze zvikuru. Kuti ideredze kuburitsa kwayo kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, kambani inoshandisa mafuta anodhakisa uye injini yemagetsi yemukati.

Gemera's 800-volt yemagetsi system inopa kusvika kumakiromita makumi mashanu emagetsi uye kukurumidza kwe 50 km / h. Nekuvaraidza kusvika ku300 km / h, mutoro weTFG. Mune hybrid mode, motokari inogona kufamba mamwe makiromita 400, izvo zvinoratidza kushanda zvakanaka kwegadziriro - iyo TFG pachayo inoshandisa inenge 950 muzana pasi pejini yemazuva ano maviri-lita. neyakajairwa chinja gasi kugovera. Uye kugadzikana kwemota kunovimbiswa zvakare neyekumashure-gumbo dhiraivha, yemagetsi torque vectoring kumashure, uye mechaniki torque vectoring kumberi (uchishandisa mamwe matinji akanyorova mumberi-vhiri dhiraivha masisitimu, padivi peiyo hydraulic converters) . Iyo Gemera nekudaro yakava mota ine mavhiri ese, mana-mavhiri ekufambisa uye torque vectoring. Kuwedzerwa kune izvi zvose ndiko kutonga kwehurefu hwemuviri.

Kunyangwe injini iyi yakasarudzika mune zvakasikwa, inoratidza kuti inogona kutungamira kuvandudzwa kweinjini yekupisa yemukati. Iyo gakava rimwe chetero riri kuitika muFormula 1 - kutsvaga kwekubudirira kungangotarisa pamafuta ekugadzira uye maviri-stroke maitiro ekushanda.