Kurota kwemutungamiriri: nhoroondo yeMercedes E -kirasi

Kana zvasvika kune Executive sedans, chinhu chekutanga chinouya mupfungwa ndeye Mercedes-Benz E-kirasi. Tsamba "E" yakaonekwa muzita remuenzaniso muna 1993, nechizvarwa cheW124, icho chisingatauri kuti nhoroondo yakapfuma sei.

Asi kutaura zvazviri, modhiyo yebhizinesi yaMercedes yakadzokera muna 1926. Sezvo kumeso kwechizvarwa chechizvino kuchigadzirira kupinda mumakamuri ekuratidzira, ngatirangarirei kwakatangira tsika ye "mutungamiriri hope" mumutsetse weDaimler.

1926: W2, wekutanga "ane mbiri" Mercedes

PaBerlin Motor Show, Mercedes iri kuratidza mhando yemhando yepakati nepakati ine 2-litre six-cylinder engine, W8, inozivikanwawo seType 38/XNUMX. Iyi ingangoita modhi yekutanga yakaburitswa neachangobva kugadzirwa Daimler-Benz mushure mekubatanidzwa kwemakambani maviri akambosiyana. Iyo mota yakagadziridzwa munguva pfupi kwazvo panguva iyoyo Daimler CTO Ferdinand Porsche. Nekuda kwekudzvinyirirwa nguva dzose kubva kumusoro, Porsche yakasangana nemukuru wekambani Wilhelm Kessel, uye kondirakiti yake haina kuvandudzwa.

1936: Yekutanga mota yekufambisa ine injini yedhiziri

Makore matatu mushure mekutanga kwayo, iyo W2 yakagadzirwazve uye yave kunzi Mercedes-Benz Typ Stuttgart 200. Inochengeta 1998 cc injini uye 38 bhiza, asi compression reshiyo yakawedzerwa kubva pa5: 1 kusvika 6,2: 1, Zenith carburetor yakatsiviwa neSolex, uye mana-anomhanyisa giya rinowanikwa sechisarudzo panzvimbo yeyakajairwa matatu-anomhanyisa giya. Range iri rinosanganisira akasiyana mazana maviri (W200), 21 (W230) uye 143 D (W260), yakaonekwa muna 138 semotokari yekutanga yekufambisa ine injini yedhiziri.

1946-1955: 170 V kusvika 170 DS

Daimler-Benz ndomumwe weanokurumidza kupora maautomaker ekuGerman kubva muhondo. Kare muna 1946, kambani yakatangazve kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzinotakura vanhu dzine injini dzisati dzatanga hondo 170 V (W136), asi dzakagadziridzwa nokuda kwezvinodiwa nemapurisa, mabasa ekudzikinura, nezvimwewo. Gore rakatevera, 170 S (W191) yakaonekwa. yekutanga yakazara mushure mehondo modhi, ichiri ne38 horsepower. Muna 1950 chete yakawedzerwa kusvika ku44 horsepower.

Upfumi huri kupora zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kudiwa kuri kukura, saka Mercedes akawedzera mutsara we 170. Muna 1949, dizeli 170 D yakabudiswa, uye gore rakatevera, 170 S Saloon, shanduro mbiri dzekushandura. Muna 1952, dhiziri 170 D yakaburitswa, ichiteverwa ne170 SV uye 170 SD. Iyo yekupedzisira yakaramba ichigadzirwa kusvika 1955.

1952-1962: W120, "Pontoon"

Pakaburitswa mifananidzo yekutanga yemhando yeramangwana yeMercedes 1952 (W180) muna 120, chinyorwa cheGerman cheDas Auto, Motor und Sport chakaisawo parody yenhetembo ine mukurumbira yaGoethe "The Forest King" (Erlkonig). Ndokusaka kuGerman iyo modhi inowanzo daidzwa kuti King King. Nekudaro, inozivikanwa zviri nani se "pontoon" nekuda kweyakajeka mativi-matatu evakadzi uye mafomu ane mbiri.

Iine aerodynamics iri nani kwazvo kupfuura mamodheru ekare, kusimudzira hunyanzvi uye inoshanda zvine mutsindo 1,9 bhiza 52-litre injini, mota iri kudiwa zvakanyanya. Muna 1954, shanduro nhanhatu-dzesirinda dzakaonekwa, pamwe neiyo 180 D.

Muna 1956, yekutanga 190 yakakunguruka kubva pamutsetse wegungano - yemhando yepamusoro yemota, ine 75 horsepower, ikazowedzera kusvika makumi masere.

Pamwe chete, 443 mana-cylinder pontoon akatengeswa pasi rose - kubudirira kwakanaka kwazvo kwemakore iwayo.

1961-1968: W110, Fins

MuGerman iyi modhi inonzi Heckflosse ("fin" kana "propeller") nekuda kweiyo dhizaini yekupedzisira yekupedzisira. Iye anotsiva Pontoon anotanga tsika yaMercedes refu yekuchengetedza hunyanzvi. Iyo mota ine yemukati yakadzivirirwa uye yakakosha nzvimbo kuti itore simba mune yekukanganisa. Muna 1963, mabhureki emadhigiri epamberi akaunzwa kumavhiri epamberi, uye muna 1967 pakagadzwa vhiri rekufambisa telescopic, iro zvakare rinotora simba kana paitika tsaona.

Mhuri yeW110 pakutanga yaive neiyo 190 D peturu uye 190 D dhiziri, ichiteverwa ne200, iyo 200D uye 230 mitanhatu-humburumbira ine inoshamisa 105 bhiza yenguva. Mhando dzakasimba kwazvo dzinowanawo dzimwe shanduro, kusanganisira chiteshi chengoro. Sarudzo dzinosanganisira zvinhu senge kudhiraivhi kwemagetsi, girazi remba, kupisa mukati hwindo, kutonhodza kwemhepo, otomatiki kufambisa uye mawindo emagetsi.

1968-1976: W114, dash 8

Mukupera kwema1960, kambani yakazopatsanurana pakati payo mamodheru ezvikamu zvebhizimusi uye emhando yepamusoro sedan, ayo anga achiri kunzi S-mamodheru.

Muna 1968, mutsivi weFin, W114, akaonekwa, chitarisiko chayo chaive chakapendwa nemukurumbira wechiFrench mugadziri Paul Braque. MuGermany, motokari iyi nehanzvadzi yayo W115 inonzi "Strich Acht" - "oblique masere", nokuti "/8" inowanikwa muzita ravo rekodhi.

Iyo ndiyo yekutanga Mercedes modhi kunge yatengesa anopfuura mamirioni 1 mauniti (muchokwadi, 1976 mamirioni sedans uye 1,8 coupes anga aunganidzwa mukupera kwekugadzirwa muna 67).

Code W114 inoshandiswa kune matanhatu-cylinder injini, uye W115 yemhando dzine mana kana mashanu masilinda. Chinonyanya kukanganwika iBosch fuel-ijection 250 CE ine zana nemakumi mashanu emabhiza, uye 150 E inosvika zana nemakumi masere nemashanu emabhiza.

Tekinoroji, mota iyi yakanyanya mazuva ano kupfuura "Fin" - ine stabilizer bar, shanu-speed transmission, central locking uye alloy mavhiri. Kozoitawo mabhandi ezvigaro einertial uye zvinomisa musoro.

1976-1986: W123 ngano

Muna 1976, Mercedes akazounza mutsivi weW114, akasarudza iyo W123. Iyi mota yakabva yaita senge yekunzwa musika, kunyanya nekuda kwekunyengera dhizaini yaBruno Saco. Iko kufarira kwakakura zvekuti mota yanga yakamirira rinopfuura gore, uye mumusika wechipiri, mashoma-anoshandiswa maW123 anodhura kupfuura matsva. Iyo modhi yakakurumidza kuvandudzwa mukuita kweakautangira uye pakupera kwekugadzirwa kwayo muna 1986 yakanga yatengesa anopfuura mamirioni 2,7 mayuniti. Vatyairi vematekisi kuGerman vanoendeswa kwariri zvakanyanya, nekuti injini dzinogona kuvhara 500 uye kunyange 000 1 000 km pasina kugadziriswa kukuru.

Iyo zvakare ndiyo yekutanga modhi ine yepamutemo chiteshi ngoro vhezheni - kusvika panguva ino yaingove yekuwedzera shanduko, kunyanya paBelgian IMA chirimwa.

IW123 inouya nesarudzo inonakidza yeinjini, kubva pa55 kusvika 177 simba rebhiza. Yechinyorwa ndiyo mazana matatu TD musiyano, iine turbodiesel unit uye 300 horsepower. Dzeshanduro dzekuyedza dzine magetsi nehydrogen magetsi chirimwa chakagadzirwa zvakare.

Kwenguva yekutanga mune iyi modhi, ABS, anti-kuvhundutsa tangi, airbag yemutyairi uye cruise control inowanikwa sekuwedzera zvekuwedzera.

Imotokari inoratidza kukosha kwayo muepic London -Sydney Rally, uko mairi 280 E ari maviri epamusoro uye mamwe maviri ari gumi gumi.

1984-1997: W124, yekutanga chaiyo E-Kirasi

Chizvarwa cheW124, icho chakatanga muna 1984, ndicho chekutanga kugamuchira zviri pamutemo zita reE-kirasi, kunyangwe isina kurigamuchira kusvika padhuze nekuguma kwehupenyu hwemuenzaniso, munaJune 1993. Iyo prototype yakagadzirwa naHalicendorfer naPfeiffer, uye iyo yekugadzira modhi nemushandisi Bruno Sako. IW124 inowanikwa mumhando ina: sedan, chiteshi chengoro, coupe uye chinoshandurwa, pamwe neyekuwedzera vhezheni uye huwandu hwemhando dzakasarudzika.

Sarudzo dzemayuniti epeturu nedhiziri yakawedzerwa, pasimba pari zvino kubva pa72 kusvika 326 simba remabhiza (kumusoro 500 E kubvira 1990). Kwapera chinguva, E 60 AMG yakaonekwa iine 381 simba, 4Matic all-wheel drive uye multi-link kumashure kuturika. Mumakore gumi nematatu chete, mamirioni 13 emotokari akagadzirwa.

1995-2002: W210, "maziso mana" E-Kirasi

Basa remutsivi weW124 rakatanga mukupera kwema80s. Yakagadzirwa naSteen Mateen pasi pekutungamirwa naBruno Sako. Ticharangarira mota iyi se "mana" nekuda kwembiri mbiri dzemwenje dzemberi dziri kumberi.

Iyi E-Kirasi, inozivikanwa pasi pekodhi W210, yakakura uye inodakadza kupfuura yapfuura.

Iyi ndiyo yekutanga Mercedes kuisa xenon mwenje ine otomatiki danda kureba kugadziridza.

Sarudzo yeinjini ichiri yakapfuma, kubva pa95 kusvika ku347 horsepower. Muna 1998, nhanhatu dzakatsiviwa neV6-nyowani, kodhi M112, ine huwandu hwakawanda hwe223 horsepower uye 310 Nm ye torque. Mamodheru ekutanga aive ne4-speed transmission, nepo ayo mushure me1996 aive neshanu-speed.

Nehurombo, iyo E210 ichayeukwa zvakare nekuchinja kwayo kunoshamisa kwemhando, mhedzisiro yeiyo-Daimler boss Jurgen Schremp pfungwa yekudzikisa mitengo. Mota dzechizvarwa ichi dzinozivikanwa nekuremara kwakawanda - kubva kumatambudziko neiyo flywheel, mhepo sensor, kunyunguduka kwemwenje kumashure, kutadza kwemaitiro emahwindo, kugara ngura pamagonhi uye kunyangwe pane hood chiratidzo.

2002-2009: W211

Matambudziko eW210 anoendesa kune anotsiva W211 akaunzwa muna 2002. Iyi modhi ishanduko yemotokari yapfuura, kuunza mwenje webi-xenon, otomatiki air conditioning, otomatiki-inonzwa mawipers uye mamwe akawanda matekinoroji. Iyo mota ine mana-point kuturika kumberi, akawanda-link kumiswa kumashure uye, senge sarudzo, pneumatic kuturika kugadziridzwa. Iyo zvakare yekutanga E-Kirasi kuratidza yemagetsi kugadzikana chirongwa (ESP) seyakajairwa.

Nekupfurwa kwaSchremp uye kutsiva kwake Dieter Zetsche muna 2006, kambani zvakare yakatanga kuedza kwakasimba kuvandudza mhando yezvigadzirwa, uye shanduro dzekupedzisira dzeW211 dzinoonekwa sedziri nani zvakanyanya kuunganidzwa kupfuura dzakapfuura. Mushure mekusimudza kumeso, iyo E63 AMG vhezheni yakaonekwa iine simba rakakura re514 horsepower.

2009-2016: W212

Muna 2009, iyo W211 yakazogumiswa ikatsiviwa neW212 naThomas Stopka dhizaini, iyo inonyanya kurangarirwa nekuda kwayo isina kujairika marambi emwenje. Nekudaro, iyo chikuva nyowani yaingoshandiswa chete kune iyo sedan uye chiteshi ngoro, nepo coupe uye zvinoshandurwa shanduro zvaive zvakavakirwa paC-kirasi (W204).

Muna 2013, Mercedes akaita facelift, asi kutaura zvazviri, maererano nezviyero shanduko uye mari mukusimudzira (anopfuura 1 bhiriyoni euros), wainyatsova mutsva zvachose. Iyo kambani pachayo inoti iyi ndiyo "inonyanya kukosha" yemhando yavakamboita. Iwo makakatanwa emagetsi emagetsi ekumusoro aenda, uye nyowani musoro dhizaini Gordon Wagener akaunza iyo E-Kirasi mukuwirirana neese mamwe emutsetse.

2016-2020: W213

Chizvarwa chazvino chakatanga muDetroit muna2016. Kunze kwayo, yakagadzirirwa naRobert Lesnik pasi pehutungamiriri hwaWagener, ikozvino inoisunga zvakanyanya kuC-Kirasi uye S-Kirasi. Iyo zvakare iri yepamusoro soro tekinoroji manejimendi sedan munhoroondo yeMercedes, ine mukana wekutendeuka uye kunyangwe kupfuura munzira huru uye wozodzokera munzira yayo.

Gore rino, E-Kirasi yakagamuchira facelift iyo inozotanga mumisika mizhinji mukupera kwekudonha kana kutanga kwa2021. Iyo dhizaini shanduko ine mwero, asi iyo powertrain yakakomba - kuiswa kwe48-volt hybrid tekinoroji yeinjini dzepeturu, peturu mbiri uye itsva dizeli plug-in mahybrids. Iyo yekare Command information system yakatsiviwa neMBUX yakagadziridzwa neVisteon's subcontractor's Sofia office.