Kumiswa kweMacPherson - chii icho
Zviri mukati
Kana mota ichifamba mumugwagwa, inokunda mapundu akasiyana siyana, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo vanogona kufananidzwa ne roller roller. Kuitira kuti mota irege kudonha uye munhu wese ari mukabhini asanzwe kusagadzikana, kumiswa kunoiswa mumotokari.
Takataura nezvemhando dzesystem kumberi... Parizvino, ngatitarisei kune imwe mhando - iyo MacPherson strut.
Chii chinonzi MacPherson pendant
Mazhinji emazuva ano bhajeti uye epakati mota mota dzakashongedzerwa neiyi depreciation system. Mune mamwe anodhura mamodheru, inogona kushandiswa kuturika mhepo kana imwe mhando.
Iko kushandiswa kukuru kweMacPherson tambo kuri pamavhiri epamberi, kunyangwe mune akazvimirira masisitimu anogona zvakare kuwanikwa pane yekumashure axle. Iko kusarudzika kweakakurukurwa sisitimu ndeyekuti ndeyakasiyana yemhando yakazvimiririra. Ndokunge, vhiri rega rine chinhu chayo chakatakurwa muchirimo, icho chinoita kuti kukunda kwakanaka kwezvimhingamupinyi nekudzoka kwayo nekukasira kwekusungira munzira.
Nhoroondo yezvisikwa
Asati mainjiniya ezana ramakore rekupedzisira makumi mana, mubvunzo waive wekuti: nzira yekuona sei chinzvimbo chakatsiga chemuviri wemota, asi panguva imwe chete, kuitira kuti zvisizvo zvese mumugwagwa zvidzimiswe nechimiro. mota chassis.
Panguva iyoyo, system inoenderana nekaviri wishbone mhando yaive yatovepo. Iyo strut yakagadzirirwa neinjiniya kuAmerican automaker Ford, Earl MacPherson. Kuitira kurerutsa dhizaini yeakaviri wishbone kumiswa, mugadziri akashandisa tambo yakatakura ine yekuvhundutsa absorber (verenga nezve chimiro cheanoshamisira mabhatani. pano).
Sarudzo yekushandisa chitubu uye yekuvhundutsa absorber mune imwe module yakaita kuti zvikwanise kubvisa ruoko rwepamusoro kubva pachigadzirwa. Kekutanga mota yekugadzira, mukumiswa kweiyo mhando yemhando inoyerera, yakasiya tambo yegungano muna 1948. Yaive Ford Vedette.
Mushure meizvozvo, iyo stand yakagadziridzwa. Shanduko zhinji dzakashandiswa nevamwe vagadziri (atova mukutanga 70s). Kunyangwe paine mhando dzakasiyana dzemhando, dhizaini yekutanga uye chirongwa chekushanda chinoramba chakangofanana.
Kumiswa musimboti
McPherson anoshanda zvinoenderana nemutemo unotevera. Iyo rack yakagadziriswa pane yekumusoro yekutakura (nezve nei ichidikanwa uye ndeapi mhando yezvikanganiso zviri mune yekuvhundutsa absorber rutsigiro, rwakatsanangurwa mune imwe wongororo).
Pazasi, module inogona kunge yakaiswa pane gozvo kana pane lever. Muchiitiko chekutanga, iyo yekuvhuvha inovhuvhuta ichave nerutsigiro rwakakosha, mune chishandiso icho chinotakura chinopinda, nekuti strut inotenderera nevhiri.
Kana mota yarova bundu, iyo yekuvhundutsa absorber inoderedza kushamisika. Sezvo akawanda ma absorbers akagadzirwa asina kudzoka chitubu, hunde unoramba uripo. Kana ikasiiwa panzvimbo iyi, vhiri rinobva rarasika uye mota inozununguka.
Chitubu chinoshandiswa mukumisa kudzosera kubatana pakati pemavhiri nemugwagwa. Iyo inokurumidza kudzosera iyo yekuvhundutsa absorber kune yayo yekutanga chinzvimbo - tsvimbo iri zvachose kunze kwedamper dzimba.
Uchishandisa chete zvitubu zvicharerutsawo kuvhunduka kana uchityaira pamusoro pemapundu. Asi kumiswa kwakadai kune dambudziko rakakura - mota yemota inozungunuka zvekuti munhu wese ari mukabhini acharwara mushure mekufamba rwendo rurefu.
Aya ndiwo mashandiro ezvinhu zvese zvekumisa zvinoshanda:
MacPherson kuturika mudziyo
Iyo McPherson module dhizaini ine zvinotevera zvinhu:
- Shock absorber - inoita sedamper uchityaira;
- Chitubu, mukati mayo mune damper rack pachayo;
- Swivel vhiri mashandiro;
- Pazasi ruoko ruchidzivirira kufamba kwenguva refu kwechimiro.
Mukuwedzera kune izvo zvakakosha zvinhu, iwo majoini ebhora ane rabha bushings. Izvo zvinodiwa kudzikamisa kudedera kudiki kunoitika panguva yekumiswa mashandiro.
Kumiswa zvikamu
Chinhu chega chega chekumiswa chinoita basa rakakosha, ichiita kuti mota inobata igadzikane sezvinobvira.
Suspension strut
Chidimbu ichi chine chekuvhundutsa chinobaya, pakati pemikombe yekutsigira yakasungwa chitubu. Kuti ubatanidze gungano, unofanirwa kushandisa yakakosha dhizaini iyo inomanikidza shinda, ichiita kuti ive yakachengeteka kusunungura mabhaudhi.
Rutsigiro rwepamusoro rwakasungirirwa mugirazi remuviri, uye kazhinji runotakura mumudziyo. Kutenda kuvepo kwechikamu ichi, zvinokwanisika kuisa iyo module pane iyo steering knuckle. Izvi zvinobvumira vhiri kutendeuka pasina kukuvadza muviri wemotokari.
Kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemuchina mumakenduru, iro rack rakaiswa pamwe nekutsvedza zvishoma. Chikamu chepasi chine kuwedzera kwekunze kwekunze. Iyi kona inoenderana nehunhu hwekumiswa kwese uye haigadzirisike.
Pazasi wishbone
Iyo yebhoni yechishu inoshandiswa kudzivirira kufamba kwenguva refu kwerack apo muchina unorova chipingamupinyi, senge pakamiswa. Kudzivirira lever kuti isafambe, inogadziriswa kune subframe munzvimbo mbiri.
Dzimwe nguva kune levers ine imwechete yekubatanidza poindi. Mune ino kesi, kutenderera kwayo zvakare hakugoneke, nekuti icharamba ichigadziriswa neiyo thrust, iyo zvakare ichapokana ichipesana neiyo subframe.
Lever irwo rudzi rwegwara rekumira kwekufamba kwevhiri zvisinei nekona yekufambisa. Padivi revhiri, mubatanidzwa webhora unonamirwa pairi (dhizaini uye neshanduro yekutsiva zvinotsanangurwa zvakasiyana).
Anti-rwakapetwa bhaa
Chinhu ichi chinoratidzwa sechibatanidzwa chakakombama chinobatanidza mawoko maviri (kumicheto) uye subframe (yakagadziriswa pakati). Zvimwe zvinoshandurwa zvine yavo pani (nei zvichidikanwa uye kuti zvinoshanda sei, zvinotsanangurwa pano).
Basa rinoitwa neyakagadzika inodzikamisa kubvisa muvharo wemota kana wakona. Pamusoro pekuwedzera nyaradzo, chikamu chinopa chengetedzo pamabhendi. Ichokwadi ndechekuti kana mota ichipinda mukumhanya zvine mutsindo, nzvimbo yegiravhiti yemuviri inofamba ichienda kune rimwe divi.
Nekuda kweizvi, kune rimwe divi, mavhiri akaremerwa zvakanyanya, uye kune rimwe divi, pane zvinopesana, anoburitswa, izvo zvinoita kuti kuderera kwekunamatira kwavo munzira. Iyo yekupedzisira inogadzikana inochengeta iwo asingaremi mavhiri pasi kuti ave nani kubata nemugwagwa pamusoro.
Mota dzese dzazvino dzakashongedzerwa nepamberi yekudzikamisa nekutadza. Nekudaro, mazhinji mamodheru ane zvakare kumashure chinhu. Kunyanya kazhinji mudziyo wakadai unogona kuwanikwa pane mana-mavhiri mota dzinopinda mumijaho yerally.
Zvakanakira nekuipira kweMacPherson system
Chero shanduko kune yakajairwa mota system ine zvese zvinobatsira uye zvinokanganisa. Muchidimbu nezvavo - mune inotevera tafura.
| Chiremerera McFerson: | Kukanganisa kweMacPherson kumiswa: |
| Mari shoma uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwayo, kana tichienzanisa nadzurudzo nemaviri levers | Zvishoma zvishoma zvishoma zvekinematic zvivakwa pane zvakapetwa zvishuwo (zvine maoko ekutsvagisa kana mawonesbones) |
| Dhizaini dhizaini | Mukufamba kwekutyaira mumigwagwa ine chakaipa kufukidza, microscopic mitswe inoonekwa nekufamba kwenguva panzvimbo yekubatanidza yerutsigiro rwepamusoro, nekuda kwekuti girazi rinofanira kusimbiswa |
| Huremu hwakadzikira hweiyo module (kana ichienzaniswa neyechirimo mhando, semuenzaniso) | Kana paine kuputsika, iyo yekuvhundutsa inobata inogona kutsiviwa, asi chikamu chaicho nebasa rekuchitsiva chinoda mari yakanaka (mutengo unoenderana nemota yemota) |
| Iko swivel kugona kwerutsigiro rwepamusoro kunowedzera zviwanikwa | Shock absorber ine chinenge chakamira chinzvimbo, icho chinowanzo gashira muviri kubva mumugwagwa |
| Kumiswa kwekumiswa kunoonekwa zviri nyore (maitiro ekuita izvi, verenga mune imwe wongororo) | Kana mota ichimira mabhureki, muviri unoruma zvakanyanya kupfuura mamwe marudzi ekumisa. Nekuda kweizvi, kumashure kwemotokari kwakaburutswa zvakanyanya, uko kumhanya kwakanyanya kunotungamira kutsvedza kwemavhiri ekumashure. |
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iyo McPherson strut iri kuramba ichiitwa yazvino, saka yega yega modhi nyowani inopa kugadzikana kuri nani kwemuchina, uye hupenyu hwayo hwekushanda hunowedzera.
Mukupedzisa, tinokurudzira kutarisa yakadzama vhidhiyo nezve mutsauko uripakati pemhando dzinoverengeka dzekumiswa:
Mibvunzo nemhinduro:
Ndeupi musiyano pakati peMacPherson kumiswa uye Multi-link? Iyo MacPherson strut ndeye yakareruka yakawanda-link dhizaini. Iyo ine marevheti maviri (isina iyo yepamusoro) uye damper strut. A multi-link ane anokwana mana lever padivi.
Nzira yekunzwisisa sei kumiswa kweMacPherson? Chinhu chakakosha chekumiswa uku ndiko kukura kwedamper strut. Yakasungirirwa pamubhedha uye inozorora pakatarisana negirazi rekutsigira kumashure kwebapiro.
Chii chinonzi multi-link kuturika? Iyi imhando yekumisa iyo inosanganisira kanenge 4 levers pavhiri, imwe yekuvhundutsa inopinza uye chitubu, vhiri rinotakura, transverse stabilizer uye subframe.
Ndeapi marudzi emapendenti aripo? Kune MacPherson, double wishbone, multi-link, "De Dion", inotsamira kumashure, semi-yakasununguka kumashure kumiswa. Zvichienderana nekirasi yemotokari, mhando yayo yekumisa ichaiswa.
