Mafuta ekufambisa

Kufanana neinjini yemafuta, mafuta ekufambisa anotora basa rakakosha mukudzivirira kupfeka kusati kwasvika kwekukwesha zvikamu uye nekuzvitonhodza. Iko kune kwakakura kwakasiyana kwezvinhu zvakadaro. Ngationei kuti vakasiyana sei kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, kuti ungasarudza sei oiri chaiyo yekufambisa mawoko uye otomatiki kutapurirana, ndeapi mirawo yekutsiva kwavo, uyezve nzira yekutsiva mafuta ekufambisa.

Basa remafuta mugearbox

Torque kubva injini yemukati yekupisa inopfuudzwa kuburikidza neiyo flywheel kune yekufambisa clutch discs. Mukufambisa mota, mutoro unogoverwa pakati pemagiya anosangana pamwe chete. Nekuda kwekushandurwa kwemaviri emagetsi ehukuru hwakasiyana, shaft inotyairwa yebhokisi inotenderera nekukurumidza kana zvishoma, izvo zvinokutendera kuti uchinje kumhanya kwemotokari.

Mutoro unotamiswa kubva pagiya rekutyaira kuenda kumagiya anotyairwa. Matare esimbi ari kusangana pamwe anokurumidza kupera uye ave asingashandisike nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya. Kuti abvise aya matambudziko maviri, zvakafanira kugadzira dura rekudzivirira iro rinoderedza kugadzirwa kwesimbi nekuda kwekubatana kwakasimba pakati pezvikamu, uye zvakare kunovimbisa kutonhora kwavo.

Aya mabasa maviri anobatwa nekutakura mafuta. Ino girizi haina kufanana neinjini mafuta (kupatsanura uye hunhu hwerubatsiro rwakadai zvinotsanangurwa mune imwe yakatarwa chinyorwa). Iyo mota uye kufambisa zvinoda yavo yega girisi.

Mune otomatiki magiya mabhokisi, kuwedzera kune iyo lubricating uye kupisa kupisa basa, mafuta anotamba chinzvimbo chega chakasiyana chinoshanda chemvura chinobatanidzwa mukufambisa kwe torque kune magiya.

Zvinhu zvakakosha

Kuumbwa kwemafuta emabhokisi emagetsi kunosanganisira zvakafanana zvinhu zvemakemikari senge mune zvakafanana zvekuzodza magetsi. Izvo zvinopesana chete muhukuru mune iyo hwaro uye zvinowedzerwa zvinosanganiswa.

Zvimwe zvinhu mumafuta zvinogadzirwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera:

• gadzira yakasimba firimu yemafuta inogona kudzivirira kusangana kwakananga kwezvinhu zvesimbi (mubhokisi, kumanikidzwa kwechimwe chikamu pane chimwe kwakanyanya kwazvo, saka iyo firimu iyo inogadzirwa neinjini mafuta haina kukwana);
• iyo girisi inofanirwa kuchengetedza viscosity mukati meiyo yakajairwa renji, zvese pane zvisina kunaka uye patembiricha yakakwira;
• simbi zvikamu zvinofanirwa kudzivirirwa kubva kune oxidation.

Migwagwa yemigwagwa (SUVs) yakashongedzerwa neiyo chaiyo yekufambisa iyo inokwanisa kutsigira yakawedzera mitoro kana mota ichipfuura nharaunda dzakaoma dzemigwagwa (semuenzaniso, kukwira kwakadzika nekudzika, nzvimbo dzine matope, nezvimwewo). Mabhokisi aya anoda mafuta akasarudzika anogona kugadzira firimu rakasimba kwazvo rinogona kutsungirira mitoro yakadaro.

Mhando dzemabhesi emafuta

Mugadziri wega wega anogadzira yake yemubatanidzwa yezvokuwedzera, kunyange hazvo chigadziko chinoramba chisina kuchinja. Kune matatu marudzi emabhesi aya. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chakagadzirirwa imwe mhando yechigadzirwa uye ine hunhu hwayo.

Chakaita zvokugadzirwa chawo

Chinhu chikuru chakanakira mabhesiki akadaro ndiko kwavo kwakanyanya kuyerera. Ichi chivakwa chinotendera girizi kuti ishandiswe mumabhokisi emota anoshandiswa pane yakaderera nguva yechando tembiricha. Zvakare, girisi yakadaro inowanzove neinowedzera (zvichienzaniswa neineral mineral uye semi-synthetic) hupenyu hwebasa.

Uyezve, kune mota dzine yakakwira mileage, chiratidzo ichi ndicho chakanyanya kukosha kudzorera. Kana girizi iri mukutapisa ichipisa, kuyerera kwayo kunowedzera zvakanyanya zvekuti kunogona kusevha nemumaseal nemagaskets.

Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa chawo

Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta ndiwo muchinjikwa pakati chicherwa uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa analogues. Pakati pezvakanakira pamusoro pe "maminera emvura" ndiko kugona kwakanyanya kana mota ichimhanya mune inotonhora uye inopisa mamiriro ekunze. Inofananidzwa nema synthetics, inodhura.

Chicherwa chigadziko

Mineral-based lubricants inowanzo shandiswa pamoto wekare, mairaira epamusoro. Nekuda kwekudziya kwavo kwakadzika, mafuta aya haadonhedze pane zvisimbiso. Zvakare, mafuta ekupfuudza akadaro anoshandiswa mukutumira manyore.

Kuti uwedzere kushanda pamutoro wakakura uye nekuvandudza mafuta ekugadzira, vagadziri vanowedzera mamwe ekuwedzera kune ayo maratidziro nesurferi, chlorine, phosphorus uye zvimwe zvinhu (huwandu hwayo hunogadzwa nemugadziri iyeye nekuyedza prototypes).

Musiyano wemafuta nerudzi rwebhokisi

Pamusoro pehwaro, mafuta ekuparadzira akapatsanurwa kuita mafuta ekugadzirisa uye otomatiki kutumira. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwenzira dzekuparadzira torque, imwe neimwe yeaya mashandiro inoda mafuta ayo, ayo anozove nehunhu hwekumira nemitoro inoenderana.

Zvekufambisa kwemaoko

В michina gearboxes dururira mafuta neMTF yekumaka. Vanoita basa rakanakisa rekudzora kusanganisa kwema mechanical kwegear kubatana, kuvazora mafuta. Izvi zvinwiwa zvine anti-ngura zvinowedzerwa kuitira kuti zvikamu zvisaite oxidize kana mota ikasashanda.

Ichi chikamu chemafuta chinofanira kunge chakanyanyisa kumanikidza chivakwa. Uye mune ino kesi, pane kumwe kupokana. Kurerutsa mutoro pakati pekutyaira nemagiya anotyairwa, firimu nyoro uye inotsvedza inodiwa. Nekudaro, kudzikisa kuumbwa kwekurovera pameso avo, zvinopesana zvinoda - hitch yakaoma. Panyaya iyi, kuumbwa kweiyo giya mafuta ekushandisa ekufambisa nemaoko kunosanganisira zvimwe zvinhu zvinokutendera kuti usvike kune "chirevo chegoridhe" pakati pekuderedzwa kwemutoro uye zvakanyanya kumanikidzwa zvivakwa.

For otomatiki hutachiwana

Mune otomatiki transmissions, mitoro inogoverwa zvishoma zvakasiyana kana ichienzaniswa neyekare mhando dzekufambisa, saka, iyo girizi kwavari inofanira kunge yakasiyana. Mune ino kesi, gaba rinomakwa neATF (yakanyanya kuwanda kune mazhinji "michina").

Muchokwadi, izvi zvinwiwa zvine hunhu hwakafanana neidzo dzakapfuura - kumanikidza kwakanyanya, anti-ngura, kutonhora. Asi kune lubrication ye "otomatiki michina" izvo zvinodiwa kune viscosity-tembiricha hunhu hwakaomesesa.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dze otomatiki transmissions, uye kune yega yega yavo vagadziri vanodzora zvakanyanya kushandiswa kweimwe mafuta. Zvinotevera nadzurudzo vanosiyaniswa:

• Gearbox ine torque inoshandura. Kudzoreredza mukufambiswa kwakadai kunowedzera kuita iro hydraulic fluid, saka izvo zvinodiwa pairi zvakanyanya kuomarara - kunyanya zvine chekuita nekuyerera kwayo.
• CVT. Iko kune zvekare mafuta akapatsanurwa emhando idzi dzekufambisa. Iwo macanister ezvigadzirwa izvi anozonyorwa kuti CVT.
• Robhoti bhokisi. Inoshanda musimboti weanogadzira analogue, chete mune ino batira uye giya shifting inodzorwa neyemagetsi control unit.
• Dual batira hutachiwana. Nhasi, pane zvakawanda nadzurudzo dzakadai michina. Paunenge uchigadzira yavo "yakasarudzika" kutapurirana, vagadziri vane zvakaomarara zvinodiwa pakushandisa mafuta. Kana muridzi wemota akaregeredza mirairo iyi, saka muzviitiko zvakawanda mota inobviswa kubva muwarandi.

Sezvo maoiri ekutepfenyura kwakadai aine chimiro "chega" (sezvakataurwa nevagadziri), haigone kuverengerwa neAPI kana ACEA kuti ifanane neanalog. Muchiitiko ichi, zvingave zviri nani kuteerera kurudziro yemugadziri uye utenge iyo inoratidzwa mune zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi.

Kupatsanura kwemafuta neiyo viscosity

Kuwedzera wevasungwa siyana yokuvirisa, hutachiwana lubricants siyana viscosity. Ichi chinhu chinofanirwa kupa dense firimu pakati pezvikamu zviri kusangana pasi pekumanikidzwa pakakwirira tembiricha, asi munguva inotonhora haifanire kuve yakanyanyisa kukora kuitira kuti giya shanduko dzishandurwe zvakasununguka.

Nekuda kwezvinhu izvi, zvikamu zvitatu zvemafuta zvakagadzirwa:

• Zhizha;
• Nguva yechando;
• Yese-mwaka.

Kurongwa uku kuchabatsira mutyairi kusarudza mafuta akakodzera nzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze umo mota irikuitwa.

Giredhi (SAE):	Tembiricha yemhepo, оС	Viscosity, mm2/ kubva
	Yakakurudzirwa muchando:
70W	-55	4.1
75W	-40	4.1
80W	-26	7.0
85W	-12	11.0
	Yakakurudzirwa muzhizha:
80	+ 30	7.0-11.0
85	+ 35	11.0-13.5
90	+ 45	13.5-24.0
140	+ 50	24.0-41.0

Panharaunda yenyika dzeCIS, maoiri emadhigirii anoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Kuiswa kwezvinhu zvakadaro kwakaratidzirwa 70W-80, 80W-90, zvichingodaro. Chikamu chakakodzera chinogona kuwanikwa uchishandisa tafura.

Panyaya yekuita, zvinhu zvakadaro zvakapatsanurwa kuita makirasi kubva GL-1 kusvika GL-6. Zvikamu kubva kune wekutanga kusvika wechitatu hazvishandiswe mumotokari dzazvino, nekuti zvakagadzirirwa nzira dzinosangana nemitoro yakaderera pakumhanya kwakaderera.

Chikamu GL-4 inoitirwa mashandiro ane chinongedzo chekubata chinosvika 3000 MPa uye huwandu hwemafuta kupisa kusvika ku150^оC. Iyo tembiricha inoshanda yeiyo GL-5 kirasi yakafanana neiyo yapfuura, chete mitoro iri pakati pezvinhu zvekutaurirana inofanira kunge iri pamusoro pe3000 MPa. Kazhinji kazhinji, mafuta akadaro anoshandiswa mumakamuri akatakurwa zvakanyanya, senge ekisero yemotokari yekumashure-vhiri. Kushandisa urwu girisi mune rakajairwa giya bhokisi kunogona kutungamira kupfeka kwema synchronizers, sezvo sarufa iri mumafuta inoitirana nesimbi isiri-feri uko kunogadzirwa zvikamu izvi.

Kirasi yechitanhatu haiwanzoshandiswa mumabhokisi emagetsi, sezvo ichiitirwa mashandiro ane mwero wepamusoro wekutenderera, torque yakakosha, mune zvakaremedza kutyisa.

Gearbox oiri shanduko

Kugara uchigadzirisa mota kunosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekuchinja hunyanzvi hwemvura, zvekuzora uye sefa zvinhu. Kuchinja oiri yekufambisa inosanganisirwa mune runyorwa rwechisungo basa rekuchengetedza.

Kunze kwekutapurirana nadzurudzo, mune iyo girisi yakakosha inodururwa kubva kufekitori, iyo isingade kuchinjiswa mukati mehupenyu hwese hwebasa remota yakatarwa nemugadziri. Mienzaniso yemachina akadaro ndeiyi: Acura RL (otomatiki kufambisa MJBA); Chevrolet Yukon (otomatiki hutachiwana 6L80); Ford Mondeo (ine otomatiki kutumira FMX) nevamwe.

Nekudaro, mumotokari dzakadai, mabhureki emagetsi anogona kuitika, ndosaka iwe uchiri kufanira kuita diagnostics.

Sei uchichinja giya mafuta?

Kuwedzera kwetembiricha muiri mafuta kupfuura madhigirii zana kunotungamira mukuparadzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwezvimwe zvinoumba. Nekuda kweizvi, iyo firimu inodzivirira inova yemhando yepasi, izvo zvinopa kune wakakura mutoro pazvinhu zvekubata zvezvikamu zvinobata. Iyo inowedzera kukosheswa kwezvishandiswa zvinowedzera, mukana weiye wekupupira furo, izvo zvinotungamira mukurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvekuzora.

Munguva yechando, nekuda kwemafuta ekare, iyo gearbox mashini inonyanya kusimbiswa. Girisi yakashandiswa inorasikirwa neiyo fluidity uye inova mukobvu. Kuti igone kunyatsokwenya magiya uye mabheyaringi, inofanirwa kudziirwa. Sezvo oiri gobvu isingazorodze zvikamu zvakanaka, kufambisa kwacho kunobva kwangooma pakutanga. Izvi zvinowedzera kupfeka kwezvikamu, zvinoita kunge zvakaputirwa uye zvakapetwa.

Kusinga tsanangurirwi kwemafuta kunozotungamira kuchokwadi kuti kumhanyisa kuchave kwakanyanya kudzima kana kudzima pachako, uye mukutengesa otomatiki, mafuta anopupuma haatenderi mota kufamba zvachose.

Kana mutyairi akashandisa chikamu chisina kukodzera chemafuta, giya rinokwanisa kushanda zvakaringana, zvinova zvinokonzeresa kukundikana kwezvikamu zvinoonekwa nemitoro yakawandisa.

Nekuda kwezvakanyorwa nezvimwe zvinetso zvakanangana, mutyairi wega wega anofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo miviri:

• Tevedzera zvirevo zvekuchinja mafuta;
• Tevedza kurudziro yemugadziri maererano nerudzi rwemafuta emota iyi.

Paunenge uchida kuchinja mafuta mubhokisi

Kuti uone nguva yekubvisa oiri yekare uye kuzadza imwe nyowani, mutyairi anofanirwa kuyeuka kuti iyi ndiyo tsika yekujaira. Vagadziri vanowanzo gadza chikumbaridzo chemamirioni zviuru makumi mana-40. Mune dzimwe mota, iyi nguva yakawedzera kusvika zviuru makumi masere. Kune mota dzakadai, zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi zvinoratidza mileage ye 50-80 zviuru zvemakiromita. (yemakanika) kana 90 km (ye "otomatiki"). Nekudaro, aya ma parameter akavakirwa padyo-yakanaka mamiriro ekushanda.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kufambiswa kwemotokari kunoshanda mune imwe nzira padhuze nekunyanyisa, saka iyo chaiyo mirau inowanzo deredzwa kusvika 25-30 zviuru. Kunyanya kutariswa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune iyo variator hutachiwana.

Iko hakuna mapuraneti epasi mairi, uye torque inopihwa ichienderera. Sezvo zvikamu zviri muchimiro zviri pasi pekunyanyisa kunetseka uye kwakanyanya tembiricha, zvakakosha kuti izvi zvigadziriswe zvishandise chaiyo mafuta. Kuwedzera kuvimbika, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kushandura girisi mushure memakumi maviri nemakumi matatu ezviuru mamaira.

Ndinochinja sei mafuta ekufambisa?

Iyo yakasarudzika sarudzo yekutsiva hutachiona hutachiona kutora mota kunzvimbo yebasa kana chiteshi chebasa. Ikoko, mhizha dzine ruzivo dzinoziva kuomarara kwemaitiro ekuchinja kwese kwebhokisi. Mutyairi asina ruzivo haangatarise kuti mune mamwe mabhokisi mushure mekubvisa chikamu chidiki chemafuta ekare anosara, izvo zvinowedzera "kukwegura" kwemafuta matsva.

Usati wafunga nezvechinzvimbo chakazvimiririra, zvakakoshawo kuti uzive kuti shanduko yega yega yegear ine chimiro chayo, saka kugadzirisa kunoitika zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, mumotokari zhinji dzeVolkswagen, kana uchinja mafuta, zvinodikanwa kuti uchinje gasket (rakagadzirwa nendarira) yedhiragi. Kana iwe usingafunge kuomarara kwemaitiro emota dzemhando dzemotokari, dzimwe nguva MOT inotungamira mukuparara kweiyo mashandiro, uye haidziviriri pakurara kusati kwapera.

Kuzvitsiva-kwese kwekutapudza kwemvura yekufambisa kwemaoko uye otomatiki kutapurirana kunoitika zvichienderana nema algorithms akasiyana.

Oiri shanduko mukutapurirana kwemaoko

Maitiro acho anoitwa mune inotevera kuteedzana.

1. Unofanira kudziisa mafuta mubhokisi - kutyaira anenge makiromita gumi.
2. Iyo mota inoiswa pamusoro pekupfuura kana kuendeswa mugomba rekuongorora. Mavhiri akakiyiwa kudzivirira mota kubva kumhepo.
3. Bhokisi rine dhurena uye gomba rekuzadza. Pakutanga, iwe unofanirwa kudzidza nezvenzvimbo yavo kubva kuhunyanzvi zvinyorwa zvemuchina. Zvine musoro, gomba rekugezera richave riri pasi pebhokisi.
4. Bvisa bhaudhi (kana chivhariso) chegomba rekudonha. Oiri inodonha mumudziyo waimboiswa pasi pebhokisi regear. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti girisi rekare rakanyoroveswa zvachose kunze kwebhokisi.
5. Screw pane dhureni plug.
6. Mafuta matsva anodururwa kuburikidza negomba rekuzadza uchishandisa sirinji chaiyo. Vamwe vanhu vanoshandisa pombi ine yekudiridza inogona pane sirinji. Mune ino kesi, zvinokwanisika kudzivisa kufashukira kwemafuta. Zvichienderana neiyo modhi yebhokisi, iro danho rinotariswa nedhipatimendi. Kana zvisiri, ipapo mupendero weiyo yekuzadza gomba ichave poindi poindi.
7. Iyo yekuzadza mafuta plug inoiswa pamusoro. Iwe unofanirwa kuchovha zvishoma mukunyarara mode. Ipapo oiri level inoongororwa.

Oiri shanduko mukutenderera otomatiki

Lubricant kutsiva mune otomatiki transmissions ine chikamu uye yakazara-kuyerera. Muchiitiko chekutanga, inenge hafu yemafuta inodururwa kuburikidza negomba rekudonha (mamwe ese anoramba ari mubhokisi magungano). Ipapo mafuta matsva anowedzerwa. Maitiro aya haatsivi, asi anovandudza mafuta. Inoitwa nekugara uchigadzirisa mota.

Yakazara-kuyerera yekutsiva inofanirwa kuitwa uchishandisa yakakosha chishandiso, iyo inowanzo kuve yakabatana neiyo inotonhora system uye inotsiva yekare girisi neimwe nyowani. Inoitwa kana mota yapfuura anopfuura zviuru zana zvemakiromita., Kana paine matambudziko nekuchinja kwegear kana kana iyo unit yawedzera kupisa.

Maitiro aya anoda nguva yakawanda nemari, nekuti kupomba (uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kufashaira) kunozoda zvakapetwa kaviri vhoriyamu yehunyanzvi hwemvura.

Kune yakazvimirira yakakwana oiri shanduko mu "otomatiki muchina", anotevera matanho anodiwa:

1. Iyo yekufambisa huturu iri kudziya kumusoro. Iyo inotonhorera hosi kubva mubhokisi kuenda kurediyeta haina kubviswa. Inodzikiswa mumudziyo wekudonha.
2. Iyo giya sarudza inoiswa mukusarerekera. Injini inotanga kumusoro kuti itange pombi yebhokisi. Maitiro aya haafanire kugara kwenguva inopfuura miniti.
3. Neinjini yakamira, dhigiji rekudonha harina kukamurwa uye mvura yakasara inodururwa.
4. Zadza marita anodarika mashanu chete emafuta kuburikidza negomba rekuzadza. Mamwe marita maviri anoputirwa nepombi inotonhodza sisitimu ine sirinji.
5. Ipapo injini inotanga uye anenge 3,5 litita emvura inodururwa.
6. Injini inodzimwa uye yakazadzwa ne3,5 litita. mafuta matsva. Maitiro aya anoitwa kanokwana katatu kusvika mafuta akachena asiya muchirongwa.
7. Basa racho rinopedzwa nekuzadza vhoriyamu kune iyo nhanho yakatarwa nemugadziri (yakatariswa neprobe).

Izvo zvakakodzera kuti utarise kuti otomatiki hutachiona hunogona kuve nechimwe chakasiyana chishandiso, saka hunyengeri hwemaitiro hunosiyanawo. Kana pasina ruzivo mukuita basa rakadai, saka zvirinani kuripa kune nyanzvi.

Nzira yekudzivirira bhokisi kubva kukurumidza kutsiviwa?

Kugadziriswa panguva yakakodzera kwemota kunowedzera zviwanikwa zvezvikamu zviri pasi pemutoro. Nekudaro, dzimwe dzetsika dzemutyairi dzinogona "kuuraya" iro bhokisi, kunyangwe kana kurudziro dzekuchengetedza dzikateverwa. Kana paine dambudziko, matipi kubva pachinyorwa chakaparadzana batsira pakuvabvisa.

Heano zviito zvakajairika zvinowanzoendesa kugadziriso kwebhokisi remagetsi kana kutsiva:

1. Hasha yekutyaira maitiro.
2. Kugara uchityaira uchimhanya padhuze nemota-yakatarwa yekumhanyisa muganho.
3. Iko kushandiswa kweoiri iyo isingasvike zvinodiwa nemugadziri (semuenzaniso, mvura iri mumota yekare isingabatike nemaseal emafuta, izvo zvinoita kuti nhanho iri mubhokisi idonhe).

Kuti kuwedzere hupenyu hwekushanda kwegearbox, vatyairi vanokurudzirwa kuti vabudise batira (pane zvimakanika), uye kana uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchiita. Smooth kumhanyisa inobatsirawo.

Kuongorora kunoonekwa kwemota kwenguva nenguva nekuda kwekudonha kunobatsira kuona kusashanda kwenguva uye kudzivirira kuparara kukuru. Kuonekwa kwemheremhere uncharacteristic yemuenzaniso wekutapurirana ichi chikonzero chakanaka chekushanya kwekuongororwa.

mhedziso

Paunosarudza mafuta ekufambisa mota, haufanire kutungamirwa nemutengo wekugadzira. Iyo inodhura kwazvo kutapudza fluid haigare iri yakanyanya kunaka kune imwe mota. Izvo zvakakosha zvakanyanya kutevedzera kurudziro yemugadziri, pamwe nenyanzvi dzinonzwisisa kuomarara kwechimiro. Chete mune ino kesi giya rinogara kwenguva yakareba kupfuura nguva yakaziviswa nemugadziri.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Imhandoi yemafuta yekuzadza mugearbox? Kune mamodheru ekare, SAE 75W-90, API GL-3 inokurudzirwa. Mumotokari nyowani - API GL-4 kana API GL-5. Izvi ndezvemakanika. Kune muchina, unofanirwa kutevedzera kurudziro yemugadziri.

Mangani marita emafuta ari muchimakanika bhokisi? Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekutapurirana. vhoriyamu yetangi yemafuta inosiyana kubva 1.2 kusvika 15.5 malita. Iyo chaiyo ruzivo inopiwa nemugadziri wemotokari.