Kunyoreswa kwemafuta emota - zvakavanzika zvemazita
Zviri mukati
Huwandu hukuru hwemafuta emota anopihwa nemusika anogona kuvhiringa mutyairi wenovice. Zvisinei, mune izvi zvakasiyana-siyana pane hurongwa huchakubatsira iwe kusarudza pakutenga. Saka, kunyorwa kwemafuta - tinodzidza uye tinosarudza.
Zviri mukati
- 1 Nheyo yekumaka ndeye viscosity coefficient
- 2 Synthetic uye mineral - chii chiri nani?
- 3 Zvinorevei kumaka - decoding injini mafuta
Nheyo yekumaka ndeye viscosity coefficient
Mafuta emota anowanikwa kune vese vatyairi anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru: synthetic uye mineral. Tisati taongorora zvakadzama, ngatitaure nezve iyo inonyanya kukosha hunhu inoratidzwa zvakananga mukumaka - iyo viscosity coefficient. Hunhu uhu hunoonekwa sehumwe hunonyanya kukosha.
Iyo coefficient inotaridzirwa nemuganhu wekushisa uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwejini. Pakudzika kwakadzikama tembiricha, viscosity haifanirwe kunge iri shoma pane inotenderwa mutsara unodiwa kutanga injini - moyo wemota unofanirwa kutanga zviri nyore uye zvakanaka, uye pombi yemafuta inoda kutenderera zviri nyore kuburikidza nehurongwa. Pakupisa kwakanyanya, iyo viscosity coefficient haifaniriwo kudarika chiratidzo chinoratidzwa mubhuku rebasa remotokari - mafuta anoumba firimu pane zvikamu zvinodzivirira zvinhu kubva pakupfeka.
Kana iyo viscosity yakanyanya kuderera (mafuta akaonda), mota ichasvika kuchitoro chekugadzirisa nekukurumidza nekuda kwekupfeka. Kana chiratidzo ichi chakanyanya kukwira (chakanyanya kukora), ipapo mukati mejini pachava nekupikisa, kushandiswa kwemafuta kuchawedzera uye simba richaderera. Pakusarudza mafuta, hapana kurudziro imwechete kune vese. Muridzi wemotokari anofanira kufunga nezvemamiriro ekunze enharaunda iyo motokari iripo, mileage yemotokari uye mamiriro ejini.
Synthetic uye mineral - chii chiri nani?
Mamiriro emakemikari emafuta emaminerari anonyanya kutsamira pakupisa uye mamwe mamiriro ekunze, saka, anoda kuwedzerwa kwezvinowedzera pakuumbwa kwavo. Yavo viscosity coefficient zvakananga zvinoenderana nehombe mechanical uye thermal mitoro. Izvo zvimiro zvemafuta ekugadzira hazvina kusungirirwa kune tembiricha mamiriro - ichi chiratidzo chakabatana nemakemikari synthesis, iyo inodzikamisa zvimiro zvekuumbwa.
Izvi zvinoipa kugona kutetepa mukutonhora nekukora mukupisa kwechirimo, sezvinoratidzwa nekunyorwa kwemafuta ekugadzira mota.
Synthetic compounds, nekuda kweiyo inoshanduka viscosity coefficient, pfeka zvikamu zvishoma, kupisa zvirinani uye kusiya kumashure mashoma eakasiyana madhipoziti. Pasinei nehunhu hwese uhu, maoiri ekugadzira anofanirwa kuchinjwa panguva imwecheteyo semafuta emamineral. "Neziso" mafuta akanaka anotemerwa mushure mekushanda kwenguva refu kwejini - kana ikasviba panguva yekushanda, izvi zvinoreva kuti kuumbwa kwakageza zvikamu zvejini zvakanaka, kudzivirira kupera kwezvikamu.
Kune rudzi rwechitatu - semi-synthetic mafuta. Kazhinji kazhinji, inoshandiswa kumotokari dziri munguva yekushandura pakati pekutanga kwezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira panzvimbo yemaminerari. Semi-synthetic inonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevatyairi, sezvo isingaenderane nekupisa kwemwaka.
Zvinorevei kumaka - decoding injini mafuta
Kune akati wandei emhando dzemavara, imwe neimwe iine nhoroondo yayo uye mugove wemusika. Kududzira zvese zvipfupiso uye mazita ekumaka emota mafuta zvinobvumira mutyairi kufamba zviri nyore sarudzo.
- SAE chikamu chakagamuchirwa neAmerican Society of Automotive Engineers. Kumaka kwemafuta emota zvinoenderana neSAE classification inotora chinzvimbo chinotungamira mumusika.
- API - classification yeAmerican Petroleum Institute, inosiyana mumusimboti wekukamura mafuta mumapoka maviri zvichienderana nerudzi rweinjini.
- ACEA imhando yekumaka yakaunzwa neEuropean Automobile Manufacturers Association muna 1996. Zvichienderana neEuropean bvunzo nzira, asi zvakare nekushandisa nzira dzinozivikanwa kubva kune maviri ekare emhando.
Saka, muhurongwa. Kana iwe ukaona mazita kubva kuSAE 0W kusvika kuSAE 20W, ipapo mumaoko ako mafuta anonyanya kushandiswa munguva yechando - vara W rinoreva "chando", iro rinoshandura se "chando". Iine yakaderera viscosity index. Kana nhamba imwe chete inoratidzwa mukumaka, pasina mamwe mavara (kubva kuSAE 20 kusvika kuSAE 60), une chimiro chechirimo chezhizha chakagadzirirwa mwaka wekudziya chete. Sezvauri kuona, iyo viscosity coefficient yeakadaro SAE makomisheni ndeyekurongeka kwehukuru hwepamusoro kupfuura iyo yechando.
Semi-synthetic SAE makomisheni ane nhamba mbiri mukumaka kamwechete - yechando uye yemwaka wezhizha. Semuenzaniso, kune injini dzine hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, mafuta akafanana SAE 15W-40, SAE 20W-40 anonyatsokodzera. Idzi nhamba dzinonyatso ratidza viscosity yemafuta uye dzinokutendera iwe kuti usarudze iyo yakakwana yeinjini yega yega. Iwe haufanirwe kuyedza kutsiva imwe mhando yemafuta eSAE neimwe, kunyanya kune vanoda semi-synthetic oiri. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kumhedzisiro ine njodzi, sekukurumidza kupfeka kweinjini uye kurasikirwa kweakakosha makina maitiro.
Ngatienderere mberi kune API zviyero. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa neSangano, vagadziri vanogadzira zvigadziriso zvakasiyana zvemhando dzeinjini dzepeturu dzine mavara ezita S, uye zvakasiyana kune injini dzedhiziri, inoratidzwa netsamba C. Imwe yemavara kubva kuA kuenda kuL inowedzerwa kune S chiratidzo. SL ndiyo yepamusoro mhando yemhando yekuzora mafuta kumichina inoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Nhasi, Sangano rinopa marezinesi chete ekugadzira asiri pasi pechikamu SH.
Mafuta edhiziri ane 11 sub-categories kubva kuCA kusvika kuCH. Marezenisi anopihwa kugadzirwa kwezvinyorwa zvisiri pasi peCF mhando. Mumapoka edhiziri, kumaka kune zvakare nhamba inoratidza kutenderera kweinjini. Semuenzaniso, kune maviri-stroke injini kune mafuta CD-II, CF-2, yechina-stroke injini - CF-4, CG-4, CH-4.
IEuropean ACEA classification inokamura mafuta muzvikamu zvitatu:
- nokuti peturu injini zvakanyorwa "A";
- kune marudzi edhiziri einjini dzemotokari dzevafambi, dzakanyorwa "B";
- kune marudzi edhiziri einjini dzemarori, akanyorwa "E".
Zvinotendwa kuti maoiri echikamu ichi akagadzirirwa kureba injini kumhanya. Vanochengetedzawo kushandiswa kwemafuta. Vanonyanya kukurudzirwa kune injini dzemotokari itsva. Mafuta akanyorwa A1, A5, B1, B5 anowedzera kuchengetedza simba, A2, A3, B2, B3, B4 zvakajairika.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti kugezesa kwaisava kuitirwa kushandiswa kwenguva refu, sezvo nhengo dzemukati dzinosakara zvakanyanya kunyangwe pakusaita basa. Kana iwe ukawedzera kukurumidza kana kutonyanya kuipa, kutyaira nemhepo yakadururirwa mujini, kupfeka kuchave kwakanyanya, pasinei nechikonzero chemafuta akadaro. Kana synthetic-based injini oiri iri pamusoro mune zvakawanda kune yemamineral mvura, saka izvi hazvisizvo nekutsvaira. Naizvozvo, hapana imwe pfungwa pakubhadhara zvakanyanya uye kutenga synthetic flushing.
Mumasevhisi mazhinji emotokari, vanoshingairira kupa kufambisa injini kuwedzera pakuchinja oiri. Uyezve, nokuda kweizvi zvinogona kushandiswa, kusanganisira izvo zvinonzi "maminitsi mashanu", izvo zvinowedzerwa kumotokari. Asi usati washandisa mari yakawedzerwa pabasa rakadaro, inofanira kurangarirwa kuti nzira yacho haina kudiwa mumatambudziko ose.
Kana iyo simiti yemagetsi ichimhanya zvakanaka, isina ruzha rwekunze, uye mushure mekuchera migodhi hapana mitsara yakajeka yekusvibiswa uye yekune dzimwe nyika inclusions, uye zvakare kana mafuta matsva emhando imwe chete uye mhando imwechete inodururwa, saka kutsvaira hakudiwi. Uye zvakare, kana mota ichishandiswa zvinoenderana nemirairo uye mafuta emhando yepamusoro uye mafuta ekuzora anoshandiswa, saka hapana chikonzero chekutenga mafuta ekutsvaira zvakare, zvakakwana kushandura oiri kakati wandei pamberi pechirongwa ne3- 4 zviuru zvemakiromita.
Kugeza zviri nani kutenga muzvitoro zvakakosha, sezvo pakati pezvigadzirwa izvi pane zvakawanda zvezvigadzirwa zvemanyepo, kunyanya kana zvasvika kune zvigadzirwa kubva kune vanozivikanwa vanogadzira. Kune mota dzepamba, mafuta ekutsvaira kubva kuLukoil kana Rosneft ingave sarudzo yakanaka. Izvi zvakakwana zvakakwana, zvisingadhuri mafuta, uye kana zvose zvikaitwa maererano nemirayiridzo, hapazovi nematambudziko.
